1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 121及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 The American Way: Freedom The heart of the American calendar is July【 4】 Americans have celebrated this d
3、ate as “Independence Day“ snice 1776. In a【 1】 _ atmosphere 【 1】_ of this holiday, patriotic speeches remind Americans of their【 2】 【 2】 _ _ July 4 represents the heartbeat of America: freedom. When Americans think of freedom they often think of【 3】 _. A- 【 3】_ merican -style democracy tries to prot
4、ect individual rights. People in other cultures may not understand this【 4】 _ 【 4】 _ Privacy is one good example of individual rights. Personal freedom in America often means the right to ones own【 5】 _. American dont 【 5】_ want to invade someone s privacy, even if they know the person quite well. T
5、hey prefer to keep many “family matters“ private.【 6】 _,individuals 【 6】_ may not share in conversation such information as salary, age,【 7】 _ 【 7】_ status or religion. In American culture freedom also implies equality. For Americans, e- quality refers to equal worth and equal【 8】 _ . In America, pe
6、ople can 【 8】_ still hear rags - to - riches stories often enough to【 9】 _ it in the 【 9】 _ minds of many. Freedom arouses strong feelings for Americans. However, problems still exist. One individuals freedom can【 10】 _ with the 【 10】_ rights of others. The path to freedom is not completely smooth b
7、ut for Americans it is worth travelling. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview.
8、 At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 How old is the minivan the Lady is looking at? （ A） One year old （ B） Three years old （ C） Five years old （ D） Seven years old 12 What is the vehicle s mileage? （
9、 A） 55,000 miles. （ B） 65,000 miles. （ C） 75,000 miles. （ D） 8,5000 miles. 13 What is the problem with the minivans door? （ A） It has several scratches in it. （ B） It will not open properly. （ C） It is missing the door handle. （ D） It has no seats covers. 14 What is one thing the extended warranty w
10、ould NOT cover on the vehicle according to the conversation? （ A） A faulty oil pump. （ B） A malfunctioning gage. （ C） A worn out brake drum. （ D） An engine. 15 If the manager lowered the price as the salesman suggests, what would the final price be? （ A） 15,475. （ B） 15,575. （ C） 15,675. （ D） 15,775
11、. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What is the main target of the rebels in this latest attack ?
12、（ A） The current location of city leaders. （ B） Military stockpiles of ammunition. （ C） The main lines of transportation. （ D） Tall buildings in this city. 17 Which is NOT a major problem as a result of the war so far? （ A） Insufficient housing. （ B） Lack of drinking water. （ C） Lack of food （ D） In
13、fectious disease. 18 Why did the team of 10 Americans had a goal of making history? （ A） Because it is the first team that topped Mt. Everest. （ B） Because all of the members of the team are blind men except Erik Weihenmeyer. （ C） Because one of its members is Erik Weihenmeyer, who hopes to become t
14、he first blind man to clear the famed Mt. Everest. （ D） Because all of the members of the team are old men who are eager to climb the famed peak. 19 When did Erik Weihenmeyer scale North America s highest peak? （ A） 1995. （ B） 1997. （ C） 1998. （ D） 1999. 20 How has Weihenmeyer climbed mountains? （ A
15、） He has climbed mountains using a stick. （ B） He has climbed mountains riding a home. （ C） He has climbed mountains supported by a guider. （ D） He has climbed mountains using a system be devised himself. 20 All over the world men and women and boys and girls enjoy sports. Sports help people to live
16、 happily as well as keep fit. Today Id like to say something about one of the most popular sports-jogging. The National Adult Physical Fitness Survey showed that 6.5 million adult Americans jog for exercise. The popularity of jogging has been heightened by medical claims of the benefits derived from
17、 regular participation in this activity. Regular jogging is credited with promoting a “training effect“ that conditions the heart to do more work with less effort; increases the efficiency of the respiratory system by strengthening the muscles that assist breathing; increases blood volume in the bod
18、y, thereby increasing the oxygen -carrying capacity of the circulatory system; promotes blood vessel flexibility; aids the digestive system; and helps to maintain proper body weight through the high calorie expenditure, It is reasonable to assume that the number of adult joggers will increase if thi
19、s activity is properly taught and encouraged through school physical education programs. Children should be taught how to jog as well as to understand the benefits that result from regular jogging. It is recommended that motivational programs such as the National Varsity Club Sport Award be utilized
20、 to pro- vide added incentive for school jogging programs. In addition to learning the physiological effects of training noted above, students should be given the following information as guidelines for their personal jogging pro- grams. When jogging, run in an upright position, avoiding the tendenc
21、y to lean. Keep your back as straight as you can and still remain comfortable, and keep head up. Don t look at your feet. Hold arms slightly away from body, with elbows bent so that forearms are approximately parallel to the ground. Occasionally shaking and relaxing the arms and shoulders will help
22、reduce the tightness that some- times develops while jogging. Periodically taking several deep breaths and blowing them out completely will also help you to relax. It is best to land on the heel of the foot and rock forward so that you drive off the ball of the foot for your next step. ff this prove
23、s difficult, try a more flat - footed style. Jogging only on the balls of the feet, as in sprinting, will produce severe leg soreness. Keep steps short, letting foot strike the ground beneath the knee instead of reaching to the front. Length of stride should vary with your rate of speed. Breathe dee
24、ply with mouth open. Do not hold breath. If for any reason you become unusually tired or uncomfortable, slow down, walk, or stop. 21 How many adult Americans jog for exercise according to The National Adult Physical Fitness Survey ? （ A） 5.5 million. （ B） 6.5 million. （ C） 7.5 million. （ D） 8.5 mill
25、ion. 22 Which of the following does jogging not do ? （ A） Strengthen the breathing muscles. （ B） Condition the heart. （ C） Build strong shoulder muscles. （ D） Promote a “training effect“. 23 When jogging, what should one not do with ones eyes ? （ A） Look ahead （ B） Look at one s feet. （ C） Blink. （
26、D） Look to the side. 24 What is the best way to land on your feet at each step ? （ A） On the heel of the foot. （ B） On the toes. （ C） Flat footed （ D） It is not indicated 25 At what age should people be introduced to jogging as an exercise? （ A） At puberty. （ B） During childhood （ C） Daring adulthoo
27、d （ D） During old age. 25 Some of the most basic concepts of psychology were defined by Sigmund Freud and two of his followers, Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung. Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist, was the founder of psychoanalysis and, some Would say, of modern psychology itself. The main hypo
28、thesis of Freuds theory is that human behavior is determined primarily by unconscious motives. These unconscious motives can be discovered through the use of free association, that is, through talking out problems with the patient. Freuds theory of personality involved three broad areas of investiga
29、tion into human behavior: structural, dynamic, and developmental. Structurally, Freud divided the human personality into id, ego, and superego. The id is the completely unconscious part of self. It is the repository(资源 ) of ones instinctual needs and drives. Freud posed that it consisted of everythi
30、ng psychological that was inherited. The ego is the rational aspect of the personality. It governs the impulsive needs created by the id and decides which needs can and will be satisfied according to the conditions of the environment. The superego is the conscience, the ethical( 伦理的 ) or moral aspec
31、t of personality: It is formed by the traditional values and ideals of the society or culture in which a person is born. The superego strives for the ideal. The “con- science“ part provides guilt feelings when moral values are violated. The “ego-ideal“ part provides feelings of pride when the self a
32、cts in consonance with traditional values of the group. Freuds dynamic concepts involved instinct, libido, and anxiety. Generally, we term behavior as instinctive if it occurs without any apparent opportunity of its having been learned. Freuds “instinct“ differed in that it. refers to an inborn bodi
33、ly condition represented by “wish“ and “need“. Libido is descriptive of ones emotional or psychic energy. This energy enables life “instincts“ to perform their work and is derived from primitive biological urges-for example, the sex drive. Thus, the libido is usually goal directed. Anxiety, in psych
34、ological terms, is an uncontrollable state of fear often unrelated to a specific object or event. Freuds developmental concepts included identification, displacement, defense mechanisms and psycho- sexual stages. Identification labels the behavior of an individual who imitates another person or grou
35、p( movie star, gangster, etc. ). Displacement occurs when the instinct is blocked and the frustrated energy is then diverted to substitute objects. Defense mechanisms (repression, projection, and reaction) describe behavior reacting to relieve extreme pressure and to defend the ego. Psychosexual sta
36、ges refer to the five set stages of an individual, from birth through adolescence: oral (breast-sucking babyhood), anal (toilet-training period), phallic( 36 years development of sexual feelings), latancy (intermediate stage between phallic and be-ginning of puberty (青春期 ), and genital( formation of
37、 genuine relationships and the end of narcissism (自我陶醉 ) Freuds two disciples broke with the master largely over the centrality of sex in Freuds theorizing. Alfred Adler maintained that man was more a social being than a sexual one, and that individuals are primarily motivated by social interests. C
38、arl Jung also differed from Freud on what determines the motivation for human behavior. He stressed goal direction beyond childhood, as well as the influence of the ancestral past in such things as magic, power, and hero worship. 26 Freuds concepts included a _. （ A） denial of instinctive behavior i
39、n animals and humans （ B） belief that religion properly modled the conscience so that the id could be controlled （ C） belief that human behavior can be explained primarily by the unconscious motives of individuals （ D） belief that human behavior is completely controlled by the “conscience“ part 27 J
40、ung and Adler differed most with Freud over _. （ A） what primarily motivates human behavior （ B） whether dreams can interpret human behavior （ C） how hypnosis is used in psychoanalysis （ D） what medicine can cure neurosis 28 According to Freuds concepts, which aspect would MOST be looked upon as the
41、 “chief executive“ or administrator-in-charge of the total personality, the rational and aware sell? （ A） ID （ B） Ego. （ C） Superego. （ D） None of the above. 29 According to Freuds developmental concepts at which stage of development is the individual LEAST likely to think of himself exclusively and
42、 outgrow what Freud calls “narcissistic behavior“? （ A） Oral （ B） Anal （ C） Phallic （ D） Genital 30 If a worker fearful of talking back to an employer comes home and yells at a family member, we have an example of Freudian _. （ A） identification （ B） displacement （ C） projection （ D） repression 30 T
43、he traditional pattern of classroom experience at the college level brings the professor and a group of 20 to 30 students together for a 45-to-50-minute class session two or three times a week. The most common mode of instruction is the lecture. When lectures are the principal method of instruction
44、in larger classes, regular periods may be set aside for small group discussions under the leadership of an assistant instructor. In cases where a small class size encourages in formality, lectures may be combined with discussion sessions based on assigned readings, required textbooks, and other outs
45、ide materials. Accurate, legible notes are invaluable aids to the student who is enrolled in a lecture course. Notes should be taken during lectures, and when the student is reading the texts prior to each session of the course. The key to good note-taking is to be able to listen a lot and to write
46、only as much as is needed to re- cord the essence of a point or idea presented by the lecturer. Thus, students should endeavor to identify only the main points and ideas being presented and to mite them down in outline form. They should also strive to take good notes the first time and not play to r
47、ecopy notes-or to do so only when clarity and conciseness demand it. Finally, they should review their notes for about five minutes on the same day that they take them, and go over them again for about half an hour at least once a week, according to a regular schedule or play. There are no course sy
48、llabus to be memorized; instead, the examinations will be based on the material presented in the lectures and textbooks. 31 What is the main idea of the first paragraph? （ A） The traditional teaching pattern at the college. （ B） Tile teaching pattern at the college. （ C） The content of a class at th
49、e college. （ D） The professor and the assistant instructor at the college. 32 What is the difference between larger classes and small classes? （ A） Larger classes often have some group discussions under the assistant instructor. （ B） Small classes often have some discussions on some assigned readings, etc （ C） Larger classes main work is to teach and small classes main work is to
