1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 131及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 How Market Leaders Keep Their Edge Research finds that there are three methods with which big companies k
3、eep their advantages, and researchers name them three different value disciplines. 1 Discipline of 1 Excellence: 【 1】 _. The company wins through cost. These companies usually try to provide customers with 2 and 【 2】 _. easy service, or both. They may also try their best to cut cost. Price/Costco is
4、 an example. 2 Discipline of Product 3 : 【 3】 _. This kind of companies usually win with product. These companies attract customers mainly by continuously 4 their product or services. 【 4】 _. In order to achieve this purpose, they have to challenge themselves in three ways: a) They must be 5 ; 【 5】
5、_. b) They must commercialize their 6 quickly; 【 6】 _. c) They must keep 7 . 【 7】 _. 3 Discipline of Customer Intimacy: Companies of this kind mainly win with intimate 8 . 【 8】 _. Intimate customer relation is like the relation between close neighbours. These companies usually try to provide what a
6、particular customer wants rather than what the 9 wants in general. 【 9】 _. These companies regard it important to understand customers and their need. 10 is the greatest assets to these companies. What they value is 【 10】 _. not instant profit, but relationships. Cable ease of use deprives the autho
7、r of much-needed time to ponder. That disappoints her. “At the start,“ Ozick said, “there was this excitement: were going to enter an age like the new 18th-century epistolary, glorious age. We do have an epistles age-it consists of grunts.“ Writing, who puts some of his writings on the Tank20 Web si
8、te, said that people should expect that writing will evolve. “Many people who are really smart make the mistake of identifying the beauty of language, love of language, history of language with their own beloved style,“ he said. “If theres anything that we learn from the long view of literary histor
9、y its that styles change.“ The ease and speed and casualness of writing found on the Internet has infected some authors who write work to be published online, including Ozick, who mostly uses pen and paper to write. In 1997, Ozick wrote a diary for the online magazine Slate. For the project, she bro
10、ke with her handwriting routine and used a computer. The diary entries, now archived on the Slate site, www. slate, com, have a conversational quality not often associated with her. Ozick said she didnt notice any difference in tone between her Slate diary and her other work, but conceded, “I was wr
11、iting for Slate, and you write for your audience.“ There is a break in the clouds for those who fear the loss of the language, grammar, spelling and with them, compelling prose, even in the e-mail-chat world. It is one of the oldest reasons to write with care; love letters. “In the Elizabethan perio
12、d, being able to write a poem or a very sophisticated letter was a basic courtship tool,“ Writing said. “The success of your affairs of the heart depended on your ability to write really well The same hold true now.“ He predicted that 10 years from now, the best of these amorous exchanges will be pu
13、blished and enjoyed as literature. On the Web, of course. (812) 21 Which of the following statements may support the claim that e-mail and chat are fostering a new wave of literacy? （ A） Professional writers no longer have to abide by grammatical rules. （ B） For those people who neither wrote letter
14、s nor read books, writing online has become their regular everyday experience. （ C） Most writers prefer to publish their writings on the Web so as to reach a larger readership. （ D） Computer literacy is drawing increasing attention from the educators. 22 We can see from Cynthia Ozicks viewpoint that
15、 e-mail and chat on the Internet _. （ A） help the development of language （ B） will lead to the creation of a new language （ C） will help the growth of a new group of writers （ D） will likely check language change instead of helping its development 23 We get the impression that the writer of this ar
16、ticle _. （ A） bitterly criticizes the writing style of e-mail （ B） is in favor of the writing style of email （ C） does not express explicitly his own attitude towards the writing style of email （ D） is strongly against the substandard writing style of e-mail 23 The discovery of the Antarctic not onl
17、y proved one of the most interesting of all geographical adventures, but created what might be called “the heroic age of Antarctic exploration“. By their tremendous heroism, men such as Shckleton, Scott, and Amundsen caused a new continent m emerge from the shadows, and yet that heroic age, little m
18、ore than a century old, is already passing. Modem science and inventions are revolutionizing the techniques of former explorers, and, although still calling for courage and feats of endurance, future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar trac
19、tion rather than on the dogs that earlier discoverers found so invaluable. Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South America, and enormous field of work awaits geographers and prospectors. The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately chartered, and the mappin
20、g of the whole of the interior presents a formidable task to the cartographers who undertake the work. Once their labors are completed, it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe will furnish on the of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the wo
21、rld has yet known, and almost inexhaustible sources of copper, coal, uranium, and many other ores will become available to man. Such discoveries will usher in an era of practical exploitation of the Antarctic wastes. The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months will he def
22、eated by huge batteries of light, and make possible the establishing of air-fields for the future inter-continental air services by making these areas as light as day. Present flying routes will be completely changed, for the Antarctic refueling bases will make flights from Australia to South Americ
23、a comparatively easy over the 5,000 miles journey. The climate is not likely to offer an insuperable problem, for the explorer Admiral Byrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men completely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes. Some of his party were men who had never seen
24、 snow before, and yet he records that they survived the rigors of the Antarctic climate comfortably, so that, provided that the appropriate installations are made, we may assume that human beings from all countries could live there safely. Byrd even affirms that it is probably the most healthy clima
25、te in the world, for the intense cold of thousands of years has sterilized this continent, and rendered it absolutely germfree, with the consequences that ordinary and extraordinary sicknesses and diseases from which man suffers in other zones with different climates are here utterly unknown. There
26、exist no problems of conservation and preservation of food supplies, for the latter keep indefinitely without any signs of deterioration; it may even be that later generations will come to regard the Antarctic: as the natural storehouse for the whole world. Plans are already on foot to set up perman
27、ent bases on the shores of this continent, and what sift fear years was regard as a “dead continent“ now promises to be a most active center of human life and endeavor.(517) 24 When did man begin to explore the Antarctic? （ A） About 100 years ago. （ B） In this century. （ C） At the beginning of the 1
28、9th century. （ D） In 1798. 25 What must the explorers be, even though they have modem equipment and technique? （ A） Brave and tough. （ B） Stubborn and arrogant. （ C） Well-liked and humorous. （ D） Stout and smart. 26 What is planned for the continent? （ A） Building dams along the coasts. （ B） Setting
29、 up several summer resorts along the coasts. （ C） Mapping the coast and the whole territory. （ D） Setting up permanent bases on the coasts. 27 What kind of metals and minerals can we find in the Antarctic? （ A） Magnesite, coal and oil （ B） Copper, coal and uranium. （ C） Silver, natural gas and urani
30、um. （ D） Aluminum, copper and natural gas. 28 The most healthy climate in the world is _. （ A） in South America （ B） in the Arctic Region （ C） in the Antarctic Continent （ D） in the Atlantic Ocean 28 Why Immersion Teaching Works As a Canadian immersion teacher, I was enthused to see the letter from
31、John Whelpton about the Canadian immersion experience (South China Morning Post, June 11). I would like to take this opportunity to expand upon and challenge some of his views. I agree that the Canadian immersion and bilingual schools have been successful in producing functionally bi- lingual studen
32、ts. In the province of Manitoba, there are French, Ukrainian, and German immersion schools; Hebrew bilingual schools; and a school for native Indian students, English immersion programs are popular for students from the province of Quebec as well as from countries such as Libya and Japan. However, M
33、r. whelptons suggested condition that teachers in these schools must be fully bilingual may be unnecessary. For example, primary teachers can and do function with a smaller vocabulary than secondary teachers. Secondly, it is doubtful that students will use English because they understand and accept
34、the objective of “making English the language of the classroom“ which is a rather Sterile motive. One reason that Canadian immersion programs work is because of the commitment to Whole Language Learning, that is, children learn a language, (first or second), by using it to transmit or receive meanin
35、gful messages that am interesting, real and important. They want to make their needs and desires known and to understand the world around them Immersion programs integrate language and content in an activity-based, child-centered manner so that the child is motivated to use the second language as a
36、tool to transmit and receive messages related to social and academic interests. In addition the second language is modeled throughout the school, is encouraged and rewarded, and thus becomes the language of choice. It is not necessary to “abandon“ Cantonese; an immersion program should provide some
37、daily instruction in the first language. Mr. Whelptions third argument that all the students in one class need to be at approximately the same level of English proficiency when they switch to English is unrealistic and unprofitable. How does a teacher group children who have a huge vocabulary but po
38、or grammar skills and others who have correct grammar but a poor vocabulary? Also, suppose the students have similar language abilities but different learning styles! The odds are that a teacher, at any point in time, will be teaching at a level that is too difficult for one-third, too easy for one-
39、third and appropriate for the final one-third of the students. Hence the concept of co-operative learning; students in heterogeneous groups with a mixture of personalities, talents and weaknesses (a more realistic reflection of life) learn better as they cooperate, instead of compete, and depend on
40、each other for support and information. This type of learning environment frees the teacher from the traditional lecturing mode in favor of circulating, monitoring and challenging the students to make use of their different experiences to expand their knowledge and skills. I support immersion progra
41、ms not simply so that Hong Kong remains “competitive as an international business center“, but because children who learn a second language partake in an educational experience that expands their horizons in addition to their cognitive, social and affective capabilities; important goals of education
42、 indeed. (530) 29 This passage is _. （ A） an editorial response to a letter （ B） a newspaper article （ C） a letter in response to a letter （ D） a newspaper editorial 30 According to the passage, which of the following may account for the success of Canadian immersion program? （ A） All the students r
43、eadily accept the objective of making English the language of the classroom. （ B） Students are motivated to use the second language to transmit and receive meaningful messages. （ C） The first language of the students is used only when they are talking about their daily life. （ D） The students are gr
44、ouped in accordance with their language proficiency. 31 How would you describe the writers attitude towards the Canadian immersion program? （ A） Supportive. （ B） Unenthusiastic （ C） Balanced-prepared to weigh up the pros and cons. （ D） Critical. 31 The cornerstone of the White House was 1aid October
45、 13, 1792, on a site selected by President George Washington. Plans for the house were drawn by Irish-born architect James Hoban, who also superintended its construction. (Hobart also supervised tee reconstruction of the house after it was burned by the British in 1814, and the erection of the north
46、 and south porticos some years later. ) The exterior sandstone walls were painted during the course of construction, causing the building to be termed the “White House“ from an early date. For many years, however, people generally refered to it as the “Presidents House“ or the “Presidents Palace“. T
47、he White House was first occupied by President and Mrs. John Adams in November 1800. Most of the buildings interior had not yet been completed, and Mrs. Adams used the unfinished East Room to dry the family wash. During Thomas Jeffersons administration, the east and west terraces were constructed. J
48、effersons also opened the house each morning to all visitors-an extension of the democratic simplicity he favored and practiced in his social life. When James Madison became President in 1809, his wife, the famous Dolley Madison, introduced some of the brilliance and glitter of Old World courts into
49、 the social life of the White House. Then, on August 24, 1814, British forces captured Washington and burned the house in retaliation for the destruction by American troops of some public buildings in Canada. Although only the partially damaged sandstone walls and interior brickwork remained, reconstruction of the building began in 1815. And the White House
