1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 138及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Homer Homer: one of the greatest【 1】 _ poets. 【 1】 _ famous for two epic poems: related with【 2】 _ War 【
3、2】 _ 【 1】 Illiad: a) describes the heroes who fought at Troy; b) consists of 15,000 lines in 24 chapters, each designated by a【 3】 _【 3】_ letter of Greek alphabet; c) Greek or Trojan heroes: represent their personalities and【 4】 _;【 4】 _ 1) wise advisor nester 2) brave warriors Ajax 3)【 5】 _ trickst
4、er Odysseus 【 5】 _ 4) coward Greek king, Trojan prince Paris d) effects: 1) Ancient Greek students learned how to act properly if not for the outcome, it could as easily be a book about the hunt for Bigfoot. Gallagher stakes out swamps teeming with alligators and cottonmouths. He sifts through shady
5、 evidence, from fuzzy Instamatic photographs to bags of bark shavings - peeled, possibly, by the ivory-billed woodpecker in its search for beetle grubs. He suffers bloodied feet and an infected knee. His closest companion, Bobby Ray Harrison, a wildlife photographer and an arts professor at Oakwood
6、College, dresses in full camouflage gear and canoes with a camcorder attached to his helmet. Sasquatch chasers,“ Gallagher s wife calls them. Yet for all the shenanigans, his book is an insightful look at what most biological fieldwork involves: a lot of sweating, sitting and waiting for ghosts to -
7、 maybe - make themselves real. As tales go, “The Grail Bird“ isnt the most stylishly told. Gallagher lets his characters talk at too-great length, and the incidental details are sometimes overly incidental. (“After pigging out on bad burgers, we got a room at a cheap motel and quickly fell into a de
8、ep, exhausted sleep with lots of snoring.“) But most readers probably won t mind. As some rivers are to be enjoyed not for the quality of the water but for the quality of the stones to be found therein, so it is with some books. Gallagher presents a series of lively characters: Fielding Lewis, a for
9、mer Louisiana state boxing commissioner who in 1971 took two fuzzy photographs of the wood pecker that were subsequently - and perhaps mistakenly - discredited; an anonymous “woodpecker whisperer“ who claims to have a telepathic connection to the birds, even a thousand miles away. (One group of sear
10、chers failed, they were told, because they were noisily scaring off the bird.) Oddly missing from this recounting is any extended focus on the ivory-billed woodpecker itself. Granted, the bird has been invisible for decades, a presence notable largely for its absence. Still, the book might have give
11、n us the animal s history in more detail - something to convey the visceral appeal of this “grail.“ Without that, the quest - though triumphant - at times feels hollow, and the fulfillment of the author s obsession veers perilously close to sounding like an end in itself. 21 According to the text, t
12、he ivory-billed woodpecker _. （ A） is extinct since the year of 1994 （ B） was found by a group of 17 researchers through the internet （ C） is called “Grail Bird“ because it is hallowed to the degree of holiness （ D） is so famous that it has become a symbol of the spoiled relationship between human b
13、eings and nature 22 By saying that the book of “Grail Bird“ could “easily be a book about the hunt for Bigfoot“, the author means that _. （ A） the book is merely about the hunt for impossible things （ B） if the bird had not been discovered by the researchers, the book would have been like all the bo
14、oks about Bigfoot - only legends, no facts and truths （ C） the hunt for the ivory-billed woodpecker enjoys similarity to the hunt for Bigfoot, because both of them are rare animals （ D） the book is about the human obsession of finding legendary animals and about their guilty conscience facing nature
15、 23 Concerning the style of the book, it is revealed in the text that _. （ A） it is a normal book of discovering trip, with no particular style （ B） it is stylish in its narration and the characters are vivid （ C） its style is not so perfect especially concerning the trivial talks of the characters
16、and the too incidental details （ D） readers do not like the trivial style of this book 24 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Fielding Lewis has taken two pictures of the bird, but it was too fuzzy and he was mistakenly discredited （ B） The author believes that the woodpecker-whisper
17、er do have a telepathic connection to the birds. （ C） The quality of the book may not so perfect in itself, but there is still something to be cherished and reflected on. （ D） There is much sweating, sitting and waiting before the completion of the book. 25 From this article, we may draw the conclus
18、ion that （ A） The focus on the bird is an important yet missing characteristic, and without it even the successful discovery will seem hollow （ B） It is not the bird but the human efforts that attract a lot of readers attention （ C） The article argues that the book is with great content and great fo
19、cus （ D） Although the book is not stylish, readers still find interesting things in its characterization and extended history of the bird 25 We all know that programming language is the system of syntax, grammar, and symbols or words used to give instructions to a computer. Because computers work wi
20、th binary numbers, first-generation languages, called machine languages, required the writing of long strings of binary numbers to represent such operations as add, subtract, and compare. Later improvements allowed octal, decimal, or hexadecimal representation of binary strings. It is difficult to w
21、rite error-free programs in machine language; many languages have been created to make programming easier and faster. Symbolic, or assembly, languages- second-generation languages- were introduced in the early 1950s. They use simple mnemonics such as “A“ for add or “M“ for multiply, which are transl
22、ated into machine language by a computer program called an assembler. An extension of such a language is the macro instruction, a mnemonic (such as “READ“ ) for which the assembler substitutes a series of simpler mnemonics. In the mid-1950s, a third generation of languages came into use. Called high
23、-level languages because they are largely independent of the hardware, these algorithmic, or procedural, languages are designed for solving a particular type of problem. Unlike machine or symbolic languages, they vary little between computers. They must be translated into machine code by a program c
24、alled a compiler or interpreter. The first such language was FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation), developed about 1956 and best used for scientific calculation. The first commercial language, COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language), was developed about 1959. ALGOL (ALGOrithmic Language), developed in Eu
25、rope about 1958, is used primarily in mathematics and science, as is APL (A Programming Language), published in 1962. PI/1 (programming Language I), developed in the late 1960s, and ADA (for Ada Augusta, countess of Lovelace, biographer of Charles Babbage), developed in 1981, are designed for both b
26、usiness and scientific use. For personal computers the most popular languages are BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), developed in 1967 and similar to FORTRAN, and Pascal (for Blaise Pascal, who built the first successful mechanical calculator), introduced in 1971 as a teaching
27、language. Modula 2, a Pacal-like language for commercial and mathematical applications, was introduced in 1982. The C language, introduced (1972) to implement the Unix operating system, has been extended to C + to deal with the rigors of object-oriented programming. Fourth-generation languages are n
28、onprocedural. They specify what is to be accomplished without describing how. The first one, FORTH, developed in 1970, is used in scientific and industrial control applications. Most fourth-generation languages are written for specific purposes. Fifth-generation languages, which are still in infancy
29、, are an outgrowth of artificial intelligence research. PROLOG (PRO gramming Logic) is useful for programming logical processes and making deductions automatically. Many other languages have been designed to meet specialized needs. GPSS (General Purpose System Simulator) is used for modeling physica
30、l and environmental events, and SNOBOL (String-Oriented Symbolic Language) and LISP (LISt Processing) are designed for pattern matching and list processing. LOGO, a version of LISP, was developed in the 1960s to help children learn about computers. PILOT (Programmed Instruction Learning, Or Testing)
31、 is used in writing instructional software, and Occam is a nonsequential language that optimizes the execution of a program s instructions in parallel processing systems. 26 The 3rd generation of programming language shares all the following characteristics EXCEPT _. （ A） it is used in designing sof
32、tware （ B） it is hardware-independent （ C） is should be translated into the computer language by software （ D） it is designed to solve some specific problem 27 In the late 1950 s, for the first time a computer programming language _. （ A） began using binary numbers （ B） was used to implement the Uni
33、x operating system （ C） was put into the market （ D） was used for modeling physical and environmental events 28 Which programming language is designed for the instruction of youngsters? （ A） BASIC （ B） FORTRAN. （ C） ALGOL. （ D） LOGO. 28 In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, wanin
34、g prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve theft superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon adsorbs the newly rich, and in England there has nev
35、er been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life. Every code of etiquette has contained three elements: basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women
36、 on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance. In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzaia, the young men bow as they pass the huts of t
37、he elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents presence without asking permission. Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know
38、 each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot. Extremely refined behavior, however,
39、cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was
40、 twelfth-century Province, in France. Provence had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who
41、 would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple
42、 popular songs and cheap novels today. In Renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behavior of fashionable society had little influence on the daily life of the lower classes. Ind
43、eed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainl
44、y not a sword, to his name. Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of banning or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest. 29 One characteris
45、tic of the rich classes of a declining society is their tendency to _. （ A） take in the recently wealthy （ B） retreat within themselves （ C） produce publications on manners （ D） change the laws of etiquette 30 Which of the following is NOT an element of the code of etiquette? （ A） Respect for age. （
46、 B） Formal compliments. （ C） Proper introductions at social functions. （ D） Eating with a fork rather than fingers. 31 According to the writer which of the following is put of chivalry? A knight should _. （ A） inspire his lady to perform valiant deeds （ B） perform deeds which would inspire romantic
47、songs （ C） express his love for his lady from a distance （ D） regard his lady as strong and independent 32 Etiquette as an art of gracious living is quoted as a feature of which country? （ A） Egypt. （ B） 18th century France. （ C） Renaissance Italy. （ D） England 32 Robert Congel, a commercial real-es
48、tate developer who lives in upstate New York, has a plan to “change the world.“ Convinced that it will “produce more benefit for humanity than any one thing that private enterprise has ever done,“ he is raising $20 billion to make it happen. That s 12 times the yearly budget of the United Nations an
49、d more than 25 times Congel s own net worth. What Congel has in mind is an outsize and extremely unusual mega-mall. Destiny U.S.A., the retail-and entertainment complex he is building in upstate New York, aspires to be not only the biggest man-made structure on the planet but also the most environmentally friendly. Equal parts Disney World, Las Vegas, Bell Laboratories and Mall of America - with a splash of Wal
