1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 159及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Cryptic Coloring Cryptic coloring is by far the commonest use of color in the struggle for existence. It
3、is employed for the purpose of attack as well as of defense, and may be either general or special. . General resemblance: Its especially common among the animal inhabiting some uniformly colored expanse of【 1】 _, such as an ocean or a desert: 【 1】_ 1) Animals are often【 2】 _by their transparent 【 2】
4、 _ blue color or sandy appearance. 2) Equally diverse forms are defended by their sandy appearance. . Special resemblance: Its far commoner than general, and usually met with: 1) on the diversified surface of the earth; 2)on the shores; 3) in【 3】 _ water; 4)on the surface of the ocean. 【 3】 _ The【 4
5、】 _ of coloring, shape, and attitude produces a more 【 4】 _ or less exact resemblance to some one of【 5】 _in the environment.【 5】_ . The attempts have been made along two lines for the 【 6】 _ of these most interesting and elaborate adaptations: 【 6】 _ 1) The first explans: Effect is a result of the
6、direct influence of the environment upon【 7】 _, or by the inherited effects of efforts and 【 7】 _ the【 8】 _of parts. 【 8】 _ 2) The second believes: 【 9】 _produced the result and afterwards maintained it 【 9】 _ by the survival of the best concealed in each generation. In the present state of science,
7、 the only possible hole of an interpretation【 10】 _ the theory of natural selection. 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that
8、 follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to the officer, a student from other countries have to _ before he can use the National Health Servi
9、ce in Britain. （ A） register with a university （ B） pay the full cost in advance （ C） study in Britain at least 6 months （ D） be registered on at least 6 courses 12 If one is entitled to treatment from the National Health Service, what is he advised to _ first of all? （ A） register a course of half
10、a year. （ B） register at any hospital. （ C） register with a doctor. （ D） register with the local city council. 13 Which of the following is true of the patient who has registered for the National Health Service according to the officer? （ A） He will have to pay the cost of medicines. （ B） He will ha
11、ve to pay for the consultations with doctors. （ C） He will have to pay the full cost of all their treatment. （ D） He will have to consult with a doctors receptionist before treatment. 14 The following is free EXCEPT _. （ A） dental treatment （ B） casualty treatment （ C） emergency treatment （ D） all t
12、he treatment at a public hospital 15 If one wants to see a doctor in UK he has to do the following EXCEPT _. （ A） calling out a doctor to see him （ B） finding out a doctors consulting hours （ C） finding out whether he needs to make an appointment with the doctor （ D） contacting a doctor to find out
13、whether he would accept him SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What percentage of Likud members vot
14、ed against the prime ministers plan? （ A） About 60 percent. （ B） About 40 percent. （ C） About 64 percent. （ D） 75 percent. 17 How many Likud members took part in the referendum regarding Ariel Sharons unilateral disengagement plan? （ A） 120,000. （ B） 80,000. （ C） 100,000. （ D） 28,000. 18 What took p
15、lace on Sunday? （ A） Sharon declared that he would resign. （ B） An Israeli woman and her daughters were killed by Palestinian gunmen （ C） Some Likud members refused to cast ballots because of the killing （ D） Sharon said that he would hold the referendum again despite his failure. 19 Whats Kofi Anna
16、ns attitude towards the criticism of U. N.s role in the Iraq oil-for-food program? （ A） Angry. （ B） Apologetic. （ C） Surprised. （ D） Indifferent. 20 There is an allegation that_. （ A） Kojo Annan benefited illegally from oil-for-food program （ B） Kofi Annan was involved in some illegal activities in
17、oil-for-food program （ C） U. N. was not active in the oil-for-food program （ D） U. N. did not monitor effectively what was imported into Iraq under the program 20 Long before “crossover“ and “eclectic“ became part of the journalistic vernacular, Dinah Washington defied categorization and embraced an
18、y and every type of song. Her delivery was instantly identifiable, and she prided herself on crystal-clear diction, precise pitch and spontaneity. Washington made brilliant recordings, beginning with her days as a pianist accompanying gospel pioneer Sallie Martin, through swing and R now it has litt
19、le. Unexpected supply interruptions (sabotage in Iraq, civil war in Nigeria) boost prices. Verleger says prices could go to $60 next year or even $80 if adverse supply conditions persist. No one really knows. Analyst Adam Sieminski of Deutsche Bank thinks prices may retreat to the low $30s in 2005.
20、A slowing Chinese economy could weaken demand. But the uncertainties cannot obscure two stubborn realities. First, world oil production cant rise forevers dwindling reserves will someday cause declines. And, second, barring miraculous discoveries, more will come from unstable regions-especially the
21、Middle East. We need to face these realities neither George Bush nor John Kerry does. Their energy plans are rival fantasies. Kerry pledges to make us “independent“ of Middle East oil, mainly through conservation and an emphasis on “renewable“ fuels (biomass, solar, wind). Richard Nixon was the firs
22、t president to promise energy “independence“. It couldnt happen then- and cant now. The United States imports about 60 percent of its oil. A fifth of imports come from the Persian Gulf. Even if we eliminated Persian Gulf imports, wed still be vulnerable. Oil scarcities and prices are transmitted wor
23、ldwide. The global economy-on which we depend-remains hugely in need of Persian Gulf oil. Bushes pitch is that we can produce our way out of trouble. No such luck. Drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, with possible reserves of 10 billion barrels, might provide 1 million barrels a day, or
24、 5 percent of present U.S. demand. Fine. But the practical effect would be to offset some drop in production elsewhere. American oil output peaked in 1970; its down 34 percent since then. A groundbreaking study from the consulting company PFC Energy illuminates our predicament. The world now uses 82
25、 million barrels of oil a day; thats 30 billion barrels a year. To estimate future production, the study examined historical production and discovery patterns in all the worlds oil fields. The conclusion The world already uses about 12 billion more barrels a year than it finds. “In almost every matu
26、re oil basin, the world has been producing more than its finding for close to 20 years,“ says PFCs Mike Rodgers. That cant continue indefinitely. The study is no doomsday exercise. Rodgers says that future discovery and recovery rates could be better or worsen-than assumed. With present rates, he ex
27、pects global oil supply to peak before 2020 at about 100 million barrels a day. Whatever happens, the world will probably depend more on two shaky regions: the Persian Gulf and the former Soviet Union. The Gulf now supplies a quarter of the worlds oil; PFC projects that to rise to a third in a decad
28、e. Although the future is hazy, what we ought to do isnt. We need to dampen oil use, expand production and-if oil prices recede-significantly increase the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. These steps can t end our vulnerability to global price surges or the effects of a catastrophic loss of oil supplies
29、 from, say, war or terrorism. But they can reduce it. Most important, Americans should curb gasoline use. The Energy Information Administration reports the following: Gasoline represents about 45 percent of U. S. oil demand; since 1991 the explosion of SUVs and light trucks has meant no gains in ave
30、rage fuel mileage efficiency; and over the same period, typical drivers travel almost 1,000 miles more annually: We should be promoting fuel-efficient vehicles, particularly “hybrids“. Combining gasoline and electric power, they get 20 percent to 40 percent better mileage than conventional vehicles,
31、 says David Greene of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. They also cost from $3,000 to $4,000 more than conventional cars, he says, mainly because they have two power sources. But Greene plausibly asserts that if production expanded, the cost gap would shrink. The way to expand demand would be to ad
32、opt a gasoline tax of $1 to $2 a gallon. Americans would know that fuel prices would stay high. Theyd have reason to economize. Of course, a fuel tax is a political showstopper. It isnt in Bushs or Kerrys plan. They promote hydrogen-powered cars. These sound great but-given the technical obstacles-
33、wont become widespread for many years, if ever. This captures our choice: taking modestly unpleasant preventive steps; or running greater future risks by clinging to our fantasies. History favors our fantasies. 32 The writer of the passage is critical of _ energy plans. （ A） George Bushs （ B） John K
34、errys （ C） neither George Bushes nor John Kerrys （ D） both George Bushs and John Kerrys 33 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） futures contractors have made profits out of price surges （ B） Americans havent learned to think realistically about oil （ C） greedy oil companies have conspired
35、 to raise oil prices （ D） hydrogen-powered cars would have better mileage 34 This passage is most probably written by someone who works for a_. （ A） newspaper （ B） consulting firm （ C） research institute （ D） government agency 35 According to the passage, preventive steps mentioned in the last parag
36、raph may include all the following EXCEPT_. （ A） restraining and limiting gasoline use （ B） promoting fuel-efficient vehicles （ C） becoming independent of Middle East oil （ D） increasing the Strategic Petroleum Reserve 36 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A）
37、Nobody knows for sure whether oil prices will go up or down in the future. （ B） Chinas increasing demand led OPEC to miscalculate production capacity. （ C） There has been little gains in average fuel mileage efficiency. （ D） The world will depend more on the Persian Gulf in the future. 36 The Depart
38、ment of Homeland Security has filled the nations top cyber-security post after the previous chief abruptly resigned last week in a move that raised questions about the Bush administrations commitment to protecting U. S. computer networks from electronic threats. Andy Purdy, who served as deputy cybe
39、r-security director under former National Cyber Security Division head and security industry entrepreneur Amit Yoran, will act as interim director, according to an email written by Robert P. Liscouski, the departments head of infrastructure protection. Purdy has been a member of the cyber-security d
40、ivision since it was set up in 2003, and was the vice chairman and senior adviser on information technology issues for the Presidents Critical Infrastructure Protection Board. Purdy declined an interview request. Homeland Security spokeswoman Michelle Petrovich said that “Cyber- security will contin
41、ue to be a priority of the Department of Homeland Security and we plan to move quickly to fill the position with someone who has demonstrated leadership in this important field.“ Purdy moves into his new role at a time when many cyber-security authorities say the Bush administration has come up shor
42、t in its commitment to protecting the nation from computer viruses and other electronic attacks. Industry officials and security experts said he is a good fit for the job, but that the position needs more authority in order to make a difference. “Weve worked with Andy for a number of years Hes a ver
43、y smart guy and very talented,“ said Harris Miller, president of the Information Technology Association of America, an Arlington, Va. -based lobbying firm. Nevertheless, Miller said, the job “needs to be elevated“. “Andy is a terribly nice guy and will obviously try to do the best thing, but without
44、 authority and without the ability to reach up into the department and to reach out among other federal agencies as a more senior person, its going to be difficult for him to do the job,“ said Paul Kurtz, executive director of the Cyber Security Industry Alliance and a former White House computer-se
45、curity official. This is a problem that industry executives and former government officials said contributed to Yorans decision to resign last week. Yoran became director of the cyber- security division in September 2003 after the previous White House adviser, Howard A. Schmidt, resigned in April to
46、 become the head of security at online auction company eBay Inc. Schmidt succeeded Richard A. Clarke, who had stepped down three months earlier, warning that the administration needed to take online security more seriously. Yoran, who declined to comment for this story, was in charge of implementing
47、 the recommendations in the administrations national cyber-security plan, a document that received criticism from a variety of sources for failing to require the business community to strengthen its online security. He also oversaw the creation of the U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness Team, which co
48、ordinates efforts to fight online network attacks. Nevertheless, the problem with the position is that it is too far down he chain of command from Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge, said Rep. Mac Thornberry who sponsored a House bill to revamp the nations intelligence structure and elevate the c
49、yber- security position. 37 According to the passage, the National Cyber Security Division will be under the leadership of_. （ A） the Cyber Security Industry Alliance （ B） the Department of Homeland Security （ C） the Information Technology Association （ D） the Critical Infrastructure Protection Board 38 An
