1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 165及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Note-taking Skills Note-taking requires a high level of ability in many skills, particularly in the follo
3、wing four most important skills: 1. Understanding what the lecturer says as he says it. -A non-native speaker of English is usually under a strain for he may be unable to recognize words in speech which he understands in【 1】 _. 【 1】_ He may not know the meaning of a new word. -A student should learn
4、 to infer the meaning of a new word from the context. -A student should【 2】 _ only on important points so that he can 【 2】_ understand much of a lecture. 2. Deciding what is important. -Read the【 3】 _of a lecture carefully and understand its 【 3】 _ meaning, for it implies the major points of a lectu
5、re. -Pay attention to a lecturers direct and indirect signals concerning whats important or unimportant. The direct signals are【 4】 _.The 【 4】_ indirect signals include【 5】 _, tempo, loudness and intonation of the 【 5】_ lecturers speech. 3. Writing the main points quickly and clearly. -Using【 6】 _wh
6、en writing. 【 6】 _ Selecting words which give【 7】 _ information. 【 7】 _ - Choosing the right moment to write notes. -Writing only one point on each line. -Listening attentively to the lecturer when such connectives as “however“, “on the other hand“ or “nevertheless“ are uttered, for they often mean
7、that new and【 8】 _information is to follow. 【 8】 _ 4. Showing the relationship between the. various points he noted. This can be done by a【 9】 _ presentation. 【 9】 _ Spacing and【 10】 _ are helpful in taking notes efficiently. 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10
8、【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. N
9、ow listen to the interview. 11 The average life expectancy of ancient Egyptians is about _. （ A） 32 （ B） 37 （ C） 50 （ D） 60 12 Which of the following is NOT a medical problem ancient Egyptians used to have? （ A） Dental decay. （ B） Tooth erosion. （ C） Malignant tumors. （ D） Insomnia. 13 The following
10、 are very common among ancient Egyptians EXCEPT_. （ A） abscess （ B） intestinal parasites （ C） anaemia （ D） drug addiction 14 The mummy Rameses is different from other Egyptian mummies in that_. （ A） it cannot be destroyed （ B） its heart was not removed （ C） most internal organs were removed （ D） it
11、was made with a different technique 15 Which of the following is NOT TRUE of Rameses? （ A） It was on display in Cairo in 1871. （ B） It was taken to Paris for research. （ C） It was seriously damaged in an upheaval. （ D） It was covered in new bandages. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this sect
12、ion you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Apple was the first to make popular _. （ A） Windows operating system （ B） a graphical user interface （ C） the use
13、 of icons （ D） the use of personal computer 17 When did Apple started to sell shares to the public? （ A） In 1980. （ B） In 1984. （ C） In 1976. （ D） In 1986. 18 When did Apple released the first Macintosh? （ A） In 1981. （ B） In 1982. （ C） In 1984. （ D） In 1994. 19 According to the findings by the Amer
14、ican researchers, what is of help in relieving patients pain and worry? （ A） Brain. （ B） Skin. （ C） Medicine. （ D） A sharp needle. 20 Magnetic resonance imaging devices can show _. （ A） dependence on illegal drugs （ B） targeted points on the body （ C） the change in the flow of blood （ D） whether a p
15、atient can be treated by acupuncture 20 The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and wor
16、rying “Wont the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?“ Theres no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growi
17、ng rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest
18、 firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive MBA wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falli
19、ng transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands. All these are beneficial, net detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the worlds wealth increases. Examples of benefits
20、 or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U. S. , when the Standard ()il Trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies
21、, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing- witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-hut it does not appear
22、that consumers are being hurt. Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megs-mergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being creat
23、ed? Wont multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition“ on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U. S. vs. Microsoft case? (413) 21
24、 What is the typical trend of businesses today? （ A） To take in more foreign funds. （ B） To invest more abroad. （ C） To combine and become bigger. （ D） To trade with more countries. 22 According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M it is assumed that scientists are rational, objective,
25、abstract, concerned with the intellect and with reducing everything to a formula, and that artists, on the other hand, are temperamental, subjective, irrational, and concerned with the expression of the emotions. But we all know temperamental, irrational scientists and abstract, cold-blooded artists
26、. We know, too, that there is a body of knowledge in art. There are as many facts and ideas in art as there are in any other field, and there are as many kinds of art as there are ideas-abstract or concrete, classical, romantic, organized, unorganized, expressionist, surrealist, intuitive, intellect
27、ual, sublime, ridiculous, boring, exciting, and dozens of others. The trouble lies in thinking about art the way most people, think about the intellect. It is not what they think it is. This would not be quite so serious a matter if it were not taken so seriously, especially by educators and those w
28、ho urge their views upon educators-that is, I suppose, the rest of mankind. If thinking is an activity which takes place in a separate faculty of the intellect, and if the aim of education is to teach people to think, it is therefore natural to assume that education should train the intellect throug
29、h the academic disciplines. These disciplines are considered to be the subject matter for intellectual training, and they consist of facts and ideas from the major fields of human knowledge, organized in such a way that the intellect can deal with them. That is to say, they are organized in abstract
30、, conceptual, logical terms. It is assumed that learning to think is a matter of learning to recognize and understand these concepts. Educational programs in school and college are therefore arranged with this idea in mind, and when demands for the improvement of education are made, they usually con
31、sist of demands for more academic materials to be covered and more academic discipline of this kind to be imposed. It is a call for more organization, not for more learning. One of the most unfortunate results of this misunderstanding of the nature of the intellect is that the practice of the arts a
32、nd the creative arts themselves are too often excluded from the regular curriculum of school and college or given such a minor role in the educational process that they are unable to make the intellectual contribution of which they are supremely capable. (529) 30 The three faculties in human beings
33、mentioned are _. （ A） intellect, emotions, imagination （ B） intellect, ideas, facts （ C） thinking, abilities, emotions （ D） thinking, distorting, departing 31 The purpose of this passage may be _. （ A） to urge schools to return to an earlier form of education （ B） to help scientists regain power （ C
34、） to provide education for the intellectual only （ D） to argue for a change in curriculum 31 Suppose you go into a fruiters shop, wanting an apple-you take up one, and on biting it you find it is sour; you look at it, and see that it is hard and green. You take up another one, and that, too, is hard
35、, green, and sour. The shopman offers you a third; but before biting it, you examine it, and you find that it is hard and green, and you immediately say that you will not have it, as it must be sour, like those that you have already tried. Nothing can be simpler than that, you think; but if you will
36、 take the trouble to analyze and trace out into its logical elements what has been done by the mind, you will be greatly surprised. In the first place you have performed that operation of induction. You find that, in two experiences, hardness and greenness in apples went together with sourness. It w
37、as so in the first ease, and it was confirmed by the second. True, it is a very small basis, but still it is enough from which to make the induction; you generalize the facts, and you expect to find sourness in apples where you get hardness and greenness. You found upon that a general law, that all
38、hard and green apples are sour; and that, so far as it goes, is a perfect induction. Well, having got your natural law in this way, when you are offered another apple which you find is hard and green, you say, “All hard and green apples are sour; this apple is hard and green; therefore, this apple i
39、s sour. “That train of reasoning is what logicians call a syllogism, and has all its various parts and terra-its major premises, its minor premises, and its conclusion. And, by the help of further reasoning, which, if drawn out, would have to be exhibited in two or three other syllogisms, you arrive
40、 at your final determination. “I will not have that apple.“ So that, you see, you have, in the first place, established a law by induction, and reasoned out the special particular case Well now, suppose, having got your conclusion of the law, that at sometime afterwards, you are discus- sing the qua
41、lities of apple with a friend; you will say to him, “It is a very curious thing, but I find that all hard and green apples are sour!“ Your friend says to you, “But how do you know that?“ You at once reply, “Oh, because I have tried them over and over again, and have always found them to be so,“ Well
42、, if we were talking science instead of common sense, we should call that an experimental verification. And, if still opposed, you go further, and say, “I have heard from people in Somersetshire and Devonshire, where a large number of apples are grown, and in London, where many apples are sold and e
43、aten, that they have observed the same thing. It is also found to be the case in Normandy, and in North America. In short, I find the universal experience of mankind wherever attention had been directed to the subject.“ Whereon your friend, unless he is a very unreasonable man, agrees with you, and
44、is convinced that you are quite fight in the conclusion you have drawn. He believes, although perhaps he does not know he believes it, that the more extensive verifications have been made, the more results of the same kind are arrived at-that the more varied the conditions under which the same re-su
45、its are attained, the more certain is the ultimate conclusion, and he disputes the question no further. He sees that the experiment has been tried under all sorts of conditions, as to time, place, and people, with the same result; and he says to you, therefore, that the law you. have laid down must
46、be a good one, and he must believe it. (654) 32 The writer is probably _. （ A） French （ B） English （ C） American （ D） Italian 33 Apples are used _. （ A） in order to convince the reader that fruit has no intellect （ B） to illustrate the subject of the passage （ C） to give color to the story （ D） to s
47、how how foolish logic is 34 The author has the approach of a(n) _. （ A） scientist （ B） artist （ C） novelist （ D） economist 35 The underlined term “natural law“ as it appears in the middle of the second paragraph refers to _. （ A） common sense （ B） the “honor system“ （ C） the result of an induction （
48、 D） the order of nature 36 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? （ A） Discovering the Natural Laws of Apples. （ B） The Use of Induction. （ C） Experimental Verification as an Adjunct to Reasoning. （ D） The Logic of Everyday Reasoning. 36 As people age, their cells become les
49、s efficient and less able to replace damaged components. At the same time their tissues stiffen. For example, the lungs and the heart muscle expand less successfully, the blood vessels become increasingly rigid, and the ligaments and tendons tighten. Few investigators would attribute such diverse effects to a singl
