1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 21及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 1 Education out of school . The origin of “Youth Hostel“: A German schoolmaster started the idea of “Youth H
3、ostel“ in 1907. - turned his little schoolhouse into a 【 1】 _ for young peoples summer holidays. . The current use of “Youth Hostel“: A. Admission and price: show their 【 2】 _ in a hostel organization; use the facilities for a 【 3】 _ price. B. “Hostelling“: The young from different countries meet to
4、gether in Youth Hostels. They learn a lot from those of other countries. “Hostelling has become of a form of 【 4】 _ education as useful as classes in school. Today, hostels are considered important for 【 5】 _ -the young with a first-hand contact with youths of other lands. . 【 6】 _ work: A. Young pe
5、ople serve at a 【 7】 _ without pay during their summer holidays. B. They also see the 【 8】 _, meet people and have discussions. C. They come to 【 9】 _ a community, building community centers, organizing clubs, etc. D. They often work 【 10】 _ and the locals become interested in helping themselves. 1
6、【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be gi
7、ven 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 When did Post office in Britain employ cats? （ A） In 1868 （ B） In 1886 （ C） In 1898 （ D） In 1889. 12 Why were female cats usually employed by the Post Office? （ A） They could work for 24 hours a day. （ B）
8、They were worse hunters. （ C） They were more persistent hunters. （ D） They worked the whole night. 13 What happened to the cats if the number of mice in a post office didnt decline within 6 months? （ A） They were killed. （ B） They were punished by not to be given food. （ C） They had to change job. （
9、 D） They were dismissed. 14 Why was Lucky awarded the DFC certificate? （ A） Because of the great amount of rats she caught. （ B） Because of her good manner. （ C） Because of her sudden attack on the burglars. （ D） She served for 16 years. 15 Does the Post Office still employ cats? （ A） Yes, as fewer
10、than before. （ B） Yes, but fewer than before. （ C） Yes, they are not needed any more. （ D） No, their services are discontinued. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news
11、 item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） A Federal judge said that the government could not hold the refugees legally. （ B） The Justice Department and the Federal judge have the same opinion on the release of the refugees. （
12、 C） The Haitian refugees are requesting political protection. （ D） ff the refugees are released, there will be more to come from Haiti. 17 The ministers are holding the meeting because _. （ A） they want to prepare themselves for a discussion （ B） they want to discuss a plan for their leaders （ C） th
13、ey want to work out a discussion plan for an Arab leaders meeting （ D） they can not hold the meeting any other time 18 Moroccos King Hassan _. （ A） discussed a plan with the ministers （ B） asked the ministers to discuss difficult problems （ C） put forward a discussion plan for the meeting （ D） asked
14、 the ministers to try to avoid differences and reach agreements 19 John De Lorean _. （ A） leads other Americans in the business of drugs （ B） deals in drugs illegally （ C） charged that the Grand Jury had given him drugs illegally （ D） has been charged with illegal drug dealing together with a leadin
15、g American businessman 20 The drug involved in the illegal dealing is worth _. （ A） 24,000,000 dollars （ B） 24,000 dollars （ C） 25,000,000 dollars （ D） 25,000 dollars 21 The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme di
16、fficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays -not only in accepting resp
17、onsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it. It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most import
18、ant responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now. We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility a
19、s professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enfo
20、rce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge. We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-versioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspect
21、ive make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must
22、investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it b
23、ack. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages. 21 We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because _. （ A） they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doing （ B） they are
24、 reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interests （ C） time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on it （ D） it is difficult for them to take effective measures 22 The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is _. （ A） to prevent pollution by legislat
25、ion, economic incentives and persuasion （ B） to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protection （ C） to take radical measures to control environmental pollution （ D） to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards 23 The word tunnel-versioned (Line 2, Para.4
26、) most probably means _. （ A） narrow-minded （ B） blind to the facts （ C） short-sighted （ D） able to see only one aspect 24 Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems? （ A） Legislation and government intervention. （ B） The i
27、ndustrys understanding and support. （ C） The efforts of environmental health professionals. （ D） The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists. 25 According to the text, why destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur? （ A
28、） inevitable phenomenon of social developing （ B） few people are aware of it （ C） the tax exerted on manufacturer is too heavy （ D） difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on the people who caused the problem 26 The United States has a major racial problem on its hands. True, Britain is facing a
29、 similar problem, but for the time being it is in America that it is graver. The only way to solve it is through education. Negroes should know about the contributions that black individuals and groups have made towards building America. This is of vital importance for their self-respect, and it is
30、perhaps even more important for white people to know. For if you believe that a man has no history worth mentioning, it is easy to assume that he has no value as a man. Many people believe that, since the Negros achievements do not appear in the history books, he did not have any. Most people are ta
31、ken aback when they learn that Negroes sailed with Columbus, marched with the Spanish conquerors of South America and fought side by side with white Americans in all their wars. People are astonished when you tell them about Phillis Wheatley, who learned English as a slave in Boston and wrote first-
32、class poetry. They have never heard of Benjamin Banneker, a mathematician and a surveyor, who helped to plan the city of Washington. There has been a tendency all along to treat the black man as if he were invisible, little has been written about the 5,000 American Negroes who fought in the Revoluti
33、on against the British, but they were in every important battle. In the Anglo-American war of 1812, at least one out of every six men in the U. S. Navy was a Negro. In the Civil war, more than 200,000 black troops fought in the Union forces. How, then, did the image of the Negro as a valiant fightin
34、g man disappear? To justify the hideous institution of slavery, slaveholders had to create the myth of the docile, slow- witted Negro, incapable of self-improvement, and even contented with his lot. Nothing could be further from the truth. The slave fought for his freedom at every chance he got, and
35、 there were numerous uprisings. Yet the myth of docility persisted. There are several other areas where the truth has been twisted or concealed. Most people have heard of the Negro. Carver, who invented scores of new uses for the lowly peanut. But whoever heard of Norbert Rillieux, who in 1846 inven
36、ted a vacuum pan that revolutionized the sugar-refining industry? Or of Elijah McCoy, who in 1872 invented the drip cup that feeds oil to the moving parts of heavy machinery? How many people know that Negroes are credited with inventing such different items as ice creams, potato chips, the gas mask
37、and the first traffic light? Not many. As for the winning the West, the black cowboy and the black frontiersman have been almost ignored, though film producers are becoming more aware of their importance. Yet in the typical trail crew of eight men that drove cattle from Texas to Kansas, at least two
38、 would have been Negroes. The black troops of the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry formed one-fifth of all the mounted troops assigned to protect the frontier after the Civil War. What difference does it make? You may ask. A lot. The cowboy is the American folk-hero. Youngsters identify with him instantly. T
39、he average cowboy film is really a kind of morality play, with good guys and bad guys and right finally triumphing over wrong. You should see the amazement and happiness on black youngsters faces when they learn that their ancestors really had a part in all that. 26 From the passage we know that Neg
40、roes _. （ A） have no self-respect. （ B） have no history. （ C） need to have an interest in history. （ D） need to learn what they have done for America. 27 People are surprised to learn that _. （ A） Negroes achievements are not shown in history books. （ B） Phillis Wheatley learned English. （ C） Negroe
41、s are good at mathematics. （ D） Negroes have a very long history in America. 28 How were the Negroes treated in the history books? （ A） They were-ignored. （ B） They were condemned. （ C） They were belittled. （ D） They were praised. 29 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） That Negroes were
42、docile was denied by the slaveholders. （ B） That Negroes were docile was not quite true. （ C） That Negroes were docile was a lie fostered by their masters. （ D） That Negroes were docile was sheer nonsense. 30 According to the passage what is unknown to many people is that （ A） the drip cup benefited
43、 light industry. （ B） the truth about carver was twisted or concealed. （ C） sugar-refining owes a lot to a Negro. （ D） a Negro invented the frying pan. 31 Ever since it appeared on the cultural scene, the Enlightenment has had its passionate critics. Philosophers as well as politicians have criticiz
44、ed its rationalism, its individualism, its cosmopolitanism, its faith in science and technology, its humanism, and its lack of respect for established traditions. Some have criticized individual aspects of it, others have condemned it in its entirety. At times Enlightenment thinking was all but ecli
45、psed, as during the later part of the period of literary Romanticism, while at other times it re-surfaced with renewed vigor. In varying ways it has had a challenged and challenging presence in Western thought to this day. In recent decades Enlightenment thinking has been the target of critical ende
46、avors once more. This time it is its individualism and cosmopolitanism that have come under persistent attack from various quarters, together with its attempt to find and formulate universally valid norms and values. Anti-Enlightenment initiatives have surfaced inside the United States as well as wo
47、rldwide. They are often launched in the name of “multiculturalism, “ “ethnic identity,“ the supposed importance of “roots,“ and the general importance of “difference“ as opposed to peoples common humanity. With respect to social integration, advocates of ethnic separateness prefer cultural and racia
48、l “salad bowls“ to the traditional American “melting pot.“ An issue is the Enlightenment idea that ideally every individual should not only have the right, but even the obligation to determine for himself or herself who he or she wants to be, what sort of life he or she wants to live, or with whom h
49、e or she wants to associate more closely. An individual, in other words, should not be obliged by any group to adhere to “his“ or “her“ religion, ethnicity, race, or social tradition, but be allowed and encouraged to make personal choices in all these regards-in effect be entirely free of any such particularistic determinations, if that seems best to the person in question. Essentially individuals are not seen by Enlightenment thinkers a
