1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 474及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 William Faulkner was born in Oxford, Miss. He had【 1】 _ education, 【 1】 _ then he joined the British Roya
3、l Air Force in Canada because he was too short. After the war he stayed at the University of Mississippi and began to publish poems or essays. In New Orleans, he met Sherwood Anderson, who helped him a lot. With the publication of Sartoris ( 1929), he found Yoknapatawpha 【 2】 _ 【 2】 _ a regional myt
4、h of 200 - year - long history, which was written 【 3】_ in a【 3】 _hut often baroque style and considered as a【 4】 _ 【 4】_ Among all novels, The Sound and the Fury ( 1929 ) , As I lay Dyig ( 1930 ) , Sanctuary ( 1931 ) ,Light in August (1932) ,Absalom, Absalom (1936) ,received much critical【 5】 _. 【
5、5】 _ Apart from the creation of long novels, Faulkner often used short stories to fill【 6】 _ in the historical development of Yoknapatawpha 【 6】_ County. Durihg the 1930s he was off and on in Hollywood as a script writer, but his works for film are not accounted as being of much【 7】 _ 【 7】_ For his
6、literary accomplishments he was【 8】 _ a Nobel Prize in 【 8】_ 1950 and he made a brief but important statement about his belief in the Nobel【 9】 _ Speech: 【 9】 _ I believe that man will not merely endure: he will【 10】 _.“ 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】
7、 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now li
8、sten to the interview. 11 According to Janet, the factor that would most affect negotiations is （ A） English language proficiency. （ B） different cultural practices. （ C） different negotiation tasks. （ D） the international Americanized style. 12 Janets attitude towards the Americanized style as a mo
9、del for business negotiations is （ A） supportive. （ B） negative. （ C） ambiguous. （ D） cautious. 13 Which of the following can NOT be seen as a difference between Brazilian and American negotiators? （ A） Americans prepare more points before negotiations. （ B） Americans are more straightforward during
10、 negotiations. （ C） Brazilians prefer more eye contact during negotiations. （ D） Brazilians seek more background information. 14 Which group of people seems to be the most straightforward? （ A） The British. （ B） Germans. （ C） Americans. （ D） Not mentioned. 15 Which of the following is NOT characteri
11、stic of Japanese negotiators? （ A） Reserved. （ B） Prejudiced. （ C） Polite. （ D） Prudent. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to
12、answer the questions. 16 What is the main purpose of the health care reform in the U. S. ? （ A） To eliminate Americans medical cost. （ B） To offer a government option of health insurance. （ C） To reduce the profit gained by private insurers. （ D） To help Democrats win advantage over Republicans. 17
13、What can be inferred from what House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said? （ A） The healthcare reform has realized the final accomplishments. （ B） President Obama praised progress on the healthcare issue. （ C） All the Americans will be happy about the healthcare reform. （ D） Americans have been dominated by th
14、e health insurance industry. 17 Seven years ago, an Environmental Protection Agency statistician stunned researchers studying the effects of air pollution on health when he reported analyses indicating that as many as 60,000 U.S. residents die each year from breathing federally allowed concentration
15、s of airborne dust. This and subsequent studies figured prominently in EPAs decision last year to ratchet down the permitted concentration of breathable pm-tides in urban air - and in human airways. At the time, many industrialism argued that they shouldnt have to pay for better pollution control be
16、cause science had yet to suggest a plausible biological mechanism by which breathing low concentrations of urban dust might sicken or kill people. Now, scientists at the University of Texas Houston Health Science Center describehow they uncovered what they think may be one of the basic elements of t
17、hat toxicity. On the alert for foreign debris, a community of white blood cells known as alveolar macrophages patrols small airways of the lung. When these cells encounter suspicious material, they identify it and send out a chemical clarion call to rally the immune system cells best suited to disab
18、ling and disposing of such matter. The trick is to recruit only as many troops as are needed, If they call in too many, the lung can sustain inflammatory damage from friendly fire. Alongside the small troop of macrophages that stimulates defense measures, a larger squadron of macrophages halts immun
19、e activity when it threatens the host. Andfij Holian and his coworkers in Houston have found that people with healthy lungs normally have 10 times as many suppressor macrophages as stimulatory ones. In people with asthma and other chronic lung diseases who face an increased risk of respiratory disea
20、se from inhaling urban dust - that ratio may be only 3 to 1. The reason for the difference is not known. In a report to be published in the March Environmental Health Perspectives, Holians team describes test-tube studies of human alveolar macrophages. The macrophages showed no response to ask colle
21、cted from the Mount St. Helens eruption. However, when exposed to airborne dust from St. Louis and Washington, D.C. , most of the suppressor macrophages underwent apoptosis, or cellular suicide, while the stimulatory ones survived unaffected. Ash from burned residual oil, a viscous boiler fuel, prov
22、ed even more potent at triggering suppressor cell suicides. It this test-tube system models whats actually happening in the human lung, Holian told Science News, the different responses of the two classes of lung macrophages could result in an overly aggressive immune response to normal triggering e
23、vents. Indeed, he says, it would be the first step in a cascade that can end in inflammatory lung injury. “We may one day be able to target this upstream event and prevent that injury.“ “This is, I think, an important contribution to the overall story,“ says Daniel L. Costa of EPAs pulmonary toxicol
24、ogy branch in Research Triangle Park, N.C. Studies by EPA suggest that certain metals - especially iron, vanadium, nickel, and copper - in smoke from combustion of fossil fuels trigger particularly aggressive inflammatory responses by lung cells. Costa says these metals play a “preeminent“ role in t
25、he toxicity of airborne particulates. When EPA researchers removed the metals, they also removed the toxicity, he says. Moreover, he notes, these metals tend to reside on the smallest water-soluble particles in urban air - the fraction targeted for more aggressive controls under the new rules. John
26、Vandenberg, assistant director of EPAs National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory in Research Triangle Park, says Holians results are “a nice complement to our studies.“ 18 This passage is mainly about _. （ A） how inhaled dust harms the lungs （ B） the function of Environmental Pro
27、tection Agency （ C） the function of human alveolar macrophages （ D） studies by Environmental Protection Agency 19 According to this passage, Environmental Protection Agency _. （ A） is the only agency studying the effects of air pollution on health （ B） has launched a surprised attack on researchers
28、（ C） has decided to decrease the permitted concentration of airborne dust （ D） has tremendously improved pollution control 20 It is implied in the passage that _. （ A） many industrialists feel no concern for the improvement of pollution control （ B） breathing low concentrations of urban dust does no
29、t necessarily sicken or kill people （ C） no acceptable biological mechanism has been suggested to explain the toxicity of low concentration of urban dust （ D） scientists have done nothing to reveal the mystery of the toxicity of low concentration of urban dust 21 Which of the following statements ab
30、out human alveolar macrophage is TRUE? （ A） Airborne dust may trigger suppressor macrophage suicides. （ B） Airborne dust may trigger stimulatory macrophage suicides. （ C） The ratio of suppressor macrophages to stimulatory ones in people with lung diseases is much higher than that in people with heal
31、thy lungs. （ D） Only stimulatory macrophages show responses to airborne dust. 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 22 Jazz uses some European ideas of harmony and melody, but the rhythms a
32、re more _in origin. （ A） Asian （ B） African （ C） Indian （ D） Australian 23 “Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. “ is one of the epigrams found in （ A） Bacons Of Studies. （ B） Bunyans The Pilgrims Progress. （ C） Fieldings Tom Jones. （ D） Johnsons A Dictionary of the English Lang
33、uage. 24 The significance of the War of Independence is that_. （ A） it paved the way for the development of capitalism in North America （ B） it initiated a period of bourgeois revolution against feudal rule or colonial rule （ C） both A and B （ D） none of the above 25 Among the great Middle English p
34、oets,Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of _. （ A） Piers Plowman （ B） Sir Gawain and the Green Knight （ C） Poems on London （ D） The Canterbury Tales 26 Which of the following is NOT a suprasegmental feature? （ A） Stress. （ B） Intonation. （ C） Tone. （ D） Pitch. 27 The most serious potential
35、 natural disasters in New Zealand are _. （ A） storms and earthquakes. （ B） volcanoes and floods. （ C） earthquakes and volcanoes. （ D） floods and storms. 28 The word bird used to mean “young bird“; today it means “any kind of bird“. This is called _ in terms of semantic change. （ A） broadening （ B） n
36、arrowing （ C） meaning shift （ D） class shift 29 The most obvious and rapid change in the development of a language takes place in the area of _. （ A） pronunciation （ B） vocabulary （ C） grammar （ D） speech 30 Margaret Thatcher was leader of the _Party. （ A） Conservative （ B） Labor （ C） Liberal （ D） D
37、emocratic 31 _ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines. （ A） Free verse （ B） Sonnet （ C） Ode （ D） Epigram 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line cont
38、ains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: (1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. (2)For a missing word, mark the position o
39、f the missing word with a “ “ sign and write t 31 Between about 1920 to 1930, new artistic movements in European 【 M1】 _ art were making themselves felt in the United States. American artists become acquainted with the new art on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gal
40、lery 291 (named with 【 M2】 _ its address on Fifth Avenue) of the photographer Alfred Stieglitz. But most important in the spread of the modem movement in the United States was the sensational Armory Show, in which the work of 【 M3】 _ many of the leading European artists were seen along with that of
41、a number of progressive American painters. Several of the American modernists who were influenced by the Armory Show found the urban landscapes, especially New York, an appealing subject. Comparing with the realist painters, the American modernists were much removed from the actual appearance of the
42、 city. However, both the painters of the Ash Can School and the latter realists were still tied 【 M4】 _ to 19th century or earlier styles, while the early modernists shared with the international breakthroughs of the art of the 20th century. 【 M5】 _ Cubism brought about a minor revolution in Western
43、 painting, 【 M6】 _ which overturned the rational tradition that was built upon since the【 M7】 _ Renaissance. In Cubism, natural forms were broken down analytical 【 M8】 _ into geometric shapes. No longer a clear differentiation made between the figure and 【 M9】 _ the background of painting: the objec
44、ts rep-resented and the surface on which they were painted be-came one. The Cubists abandoned the conventional single vantage point of the viewer, and objects depicting from multiple viewpoints were shown at the same time. 【 M10】 _ 32 【 M1】 33 【 M2】 34 【 M3】 35 【 M4】 36 【 M5】 37 【 M6】 38 【 M7】 39 【
45、M8】 40 【 M9】 41 【 M10】 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 42 父亲是个胖子，走过去自然要费事些。我本来要去的，他不 肯，只好让他去。我看见他戴着黑布小帽，穿着黑布大马褂，深青布棉袍，蹒跚地走到铁道边，慢慢探身下去，尚不大难。可是他穿过铁道，要爬上那边月台，就不容易了。他用两手攀着上面，两脚再向上缩；他肥胖的身子向左微倾，显出很努力的样子。这时我看见他的背影，我的泪很快地流了下来。我赶紧拭干了泪，怕他看见，也怕别人看见。我再向外看时，他已抱
46、了朱红的橘子往回走了。过铁道时，他先将橘子散放在地上，自己慢慢爬下，再抱起橘子走。到这边时，我赶紧去搀他。他和我走到车上，将橘子一股脑儿放在我的皮大衣上。于是扑扑衣上的泥土，心里很轻松似 的。 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 43 When the Kodak Brownie was launched in 1900, its slogan was “you press the button and we do the rest“. Photographers
47、 no longer had to be amateur scientists adept at mixing chemicals in darkened rooms. Photography quickly became a mass-market phenomenon. A century later, digital photography awaits a similar breakthrough. Digital cameras are increasingly popularthey accounted for around a quarter of world-wide came
48、ra Sales last yearbut they are not for everybody. Getting the most out of a digital camera requires a PC to store, edit, distribute and print images. For many people, it is all too much trouble. According to Esatman Kodak, 80% of digital-camera owners stil1 use film cameras more than half the time, and fewer than 20% of the 30 billion digital photos taken each year are ever printed out. Printing is simply too demanding. The industry is now trying to solve this problem, since prints are what make money. At the moment, that mon
