1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 478 及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture
2、. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Advertising Media in America In the United States, there are many media for advertising. The oldest kind
3、 is the newspaper.【 1】 _ ads it carries help 【 1】_ people seek jobs, houses or services. Magazines may run unusually attractive ads in color. Magazines like Time and Readers Digest are good for national advertising due to their【 2】 _ Highly specialized, 【 2】_ 【 3】 _ magazines appeal to a wide variet
4、y of interests, such 【 3】_ as sports, boating and dress-making. They are read by a limited but【 4】 _ audience. 【 4】 _ Radio is a favorite choice to advertisers because it has an audience【 5】 _ . Radio advertising can be used for national 【 5】_ and local campaigns.【 6】 _ radio is used for larger 【 6】
5、 _ campaigns. Yet its use has declined since the【 7】 _ of 【 7】_ television, which, as a major medium, can combine the powerful selling features of the newspaper, the radio and the 【 8】 _ 【 8】 _ 【 9】 _ advertising includes in-store banners, window 【 9】_ posters, leaflets and other printed matters. Ot
6、her modes of advertising include direct-mail advertising 【 which involves sending advertising materials by mail to lists of【 10】 _ customers】 , outdoor advertising, and so forth. 【 10】_ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this se
7、ction you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 The parallel betw
8、een waltzing and language use lies in _. （ A） the coordination based on individual actions. （ B） the number of individual participants. （ C） the necessity of individual actions. （ D） the requirements for participants. 12 In the talk the speaker thinks that language use is a(n) _ process. （ A） indivi
9、dual （ B） combined （ C） distinct （ D） social 13 The main difference between personal and nonpersonal settings is in _. （ A） the manner of language use. （ B） the topic and content of speech. （ C） the interactions between speaker and audience. （ D） the relationship between speaker and audience. 14 In
10、fictional settings, speakers _. （ A） hide their real intentions. （ B） voice others intentions. （ C） play double roles on and off stage. （ D） only imitate other people in life. 15 Compared with other types of settings, the main feature of private setting is _. （ A） the absence of spontaneity. （ B） th
11、e presence of individual actions. （ C） the lack of real intentions （ D） the absence of audience. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 sec
12、onds to answer the questions. 16 Which one was not mentioned in the conclusion document issued by the summit? （ A） The EU would develop a strategic partnership with China （ B） The EU had decided to lift the arms ban later this year. （ C） The EU would try to resolve the trade dispute with China quick
13、ly. （ D） The EU promised to intensify dialogue in all areas. 17 According to Asselborn, which would lay down a solid road for the lifting? （ A） The strategic partnership between the EU and China （ B） The dialogue in all areas. （ C） The British effort to strike a deal on the EU code of conduct on arm
14、s exports. （ D） The US-EU relationship. 17 Research into DNA has had a significant impact on medicine. Through recombinant DNA technology, scientists can modify microorganisms so that they become so-called factories that produce large quantities of medically useful drugs. This technology is used to
15、produce insulin, which is a drug used by diabetics, and interferon, which is used by some cancer patients. Studies of human DNA are revealing genes that are associated with specific diseases, such as breast cancer. This information is helping physicians to diagnose various diseases, and it may lead
16、to new treatments. For example, physicians are using a technology called chimeriplasty, which involves a synthetic molecule containing both DNA and RNA strands, in an effort to develop a treatment for a form of hemophilia. Forensic science uses techniques developed in DNA research to identify indivi
17、duals who have committed crimes. DNA from semen, skin, or blood taken from the crime scene can be compared with the DNA Of a suspect, and the results can be used in court as evidence. DNA has helped taxonomists determine evolutionary relationships among animals, plants, and other life forms. It is u
18、seful for this purpose, because closely related species have more similar DNA than do species that are distantly related. One surprising finding to emerge from DNA studies is that vultures of the Americas are more closely related to storks than to the vultures of Europe, Asia, or Africa. Techniques
19、of DNA manipulation are used in farming, in the form of genetic engineering and biotechnology. Strainsof crop plants to which genes have been transferred may produce higher yields and may be more resistant to insects. Cattle have been similarly treated to increase milk and beef production, as have h
20、ogs, to yield more meat and less fat. Despite the many benefits offered by DNA technology, some critics argue that its development should be monitored closely. One fear raised by such critics is that DNA fingerprinting could provide a means for employers to discriminate against members of various et
21、hnic groups. Critics also fear that studies of peoples DNA could permit insurance companies to deny health insurance to those people at risk for developing certain diseases. The use of DNA technology in agriculture has also sparked controversy. Some people question the safety, desirability, and ecol
22、ogical impact of genetically altered crop plants. In addition, animal fights groups have protested against the genetic engineering of farm animals. Despite these and other areas of disagreement, many people agree that DNA technology offers a mixture of benefits and potential hazards. Many experts al
23、so agree that an informed public can help assure that DNA technology is used wisely. 18 The author wants to tell us in Para 1-4_. （ A） DNAs functions （ B） DNAs applications （ C） DNAs research （ D） DNAs techniques 19 What is the main idea of Para 5-7(last three paragraphs)? （ A） DNAs future tendencie
24、s. （ B） DNAs controversy. （ C） DNAs potentials. （ D） DNAs social issues. 20 According to the passage, it can be deduced that_. （ A） in the future DNA technology will dominate the industry and agriculture （ B） in the future DNA technology will disappear from the world （ C） in the future DNA technolog
25、y will be a dilemma in a long time （ D） in the future the human beings derived from the DNA technology will take over the earth 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 21 William Butler Yeats
26、 was a(n) _poet and playwright. （ A） American （ B） Canadian （ C） Irish （ D） Australian 22 Jack London is considered as the founder of （ A） Psychological Realism. （ B） Romanticism. （ C） Sentimentalism. （ D） Modernism. 23 Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language? （ A） Arbi
27、trariness. （ B） Productivity. （ C） Cultural transmission. （ D） Finiteness. 24 Paradise Lost is the masterpiece of_. （ A） William Shakespeare （ B） Robert Burns （ C） John Milton （ D） William Blake 25 In Ulysses, Joyce intends to present a microcosm of the whole human life by providing an instance of h
28、ow a single event contains all the events of its kind, and bow history is recapitulated in the happenings of_. （ A） one day （ B） one year （ C） one century （ D） thousands of years 26 The most elemental grammatical units in a language are_. （ A） phones （ B） words （ C） morphemes （ D） phrases 29 The poe
29、m I Felt a Funeral, in My Brain was written by _. （ A） Walt Whitman （ B） Emily Dickinson （ C） Harriet Beecher Stowe （ D） Mark Twain 30 _ is the second largest city in England, which is metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city. （ A） Birmingham （ B） Glasgow （ C） Manchester （ D） E
30、dinburgh 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING theater programs; industrial films; book jackets; giveaways, such as calendars with the companys name on them; skywriting; and leaflets distributed by hand. Advertising is often used to obtain leads that are followed up by either salesmen or sales literature. In such
31、 cases the ads invite readers or listeners to write to the company for more information about the product or service being offered. Experience has proved that those who respond to such ads are good prospects. Now, you have 2 minutes to check your notes, and then complete the gap-filling task on Answ
32、er Sheet One in ten minutes. (a 12-minute interval) 1 【正确答案】 Classified 2 【正确答案】 mass circulation 3 【正确答案】 consumer 4 【正确答案】 stable 5 【正确答案】 all day long 6 【正确答案】 network 7 【正 确答案】 advent/use 8 【正确答案】 motion picture 9 【正确答案】 Point-of-sale 10 【正确答案】 prospective SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this
33、 section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 【听力原文】 Languag
34、e is used for doing things. People use it in everyday conversation for transacting business, planning meals and vacations, debating politics and gossiping. Teachers use it for instructing students, and comedians use it for amusing audiences. All these are instances of language use, that is, activiti
35、es in which people do things with language. As we can see, language use is really a form of joint actions. What is a joint action? I think it is an action that is carried out by a group of people doing things in coordination with each other. A simple example: think of two people waltzing, or playing
36、 a piano duet. When two dancers waltz, they each move around the ballroom in a special way. But waltzing is different from the sum of their individual actions. Can you imagine these two dancers doing the same steps but in separate rooms or at separate times. So Waltzing is, in fact, the joint action
37、 that merges as the two dancers do their individual steps in coordination as a couple. Similarly, doing things with language is also different form the sum of a speakers speaking and a listeners listening. It is the joint action that merges when speakers and listeners, or writers and readers, perfor
38、m their individual actions in coordination, as ensembles. Therefore, we can say that language use incorporates both individual and social processes. Speakers and listeners, writers and readers, must carry out actions as individuals if they are to succeed in their use of language. But they must also
39、work together as participants in a social unit I have called ensembles. In the example I mentioned just now, the two dancers perform both individual actions, moving their bodies, arms and legs and joint actions coordinating these movements as they create the Waltz. In the past, language use has been
40、 studied as if it were entirely an individual process, and it has also been studied as if it were entirely a social process. For me, I suggest that it belongs to both. We cannot hope to understand language use without viewing it as a joint action built on individual actions. In order to explain how
41、all these actions work, Id like to review briefly settings of language use. By settings, I mean scene in which the language use takes place, plus the medium which refers to whether language used is spoken or written. And in this talk, Ill focus on spoken settings. The spoken setting mentioned most o
42、ften is conversation, either face to face, or on the telephone. Conversations may be devoted to gossip, business transactions or scientific matters, but they are all characterized by the free exchange of turns among the two or more participants. Ill call these personal settings. Then we have what I
43、would call non-personal settings. A typical example is the monologue. In monologues, one person speaks with little or no opportunity for interruption or turns by the members of the audience. Monologues come in many varieties too, as when a professor lectures to a class or a student gives a presentat
44、ion in a seminar. These people speak for themselves, uttering words they formulate themselves for the audience before them and the audience isnt expected to interrupt. In another kind of setting which is called institutional settings, the participants engage in speech exchanges that look like ordina
45、ry conversation, but they are limited by institutional rules. As examples, we can think of a government official holding a news conference, a lawyer cross-questioning a witness in court, or a professor directing a seminar discussion. In these settings, what is said is more or less spontaneous, even
46、no turns of speaking are allocated by a leader, or are restricted in other ways. The person speaking isnt always the one whose intentions are being expressed. We have the clearest examples in fictional settings. Vivien Leigh plays Scarlet OHara in Gone with the Wind. Frank Loesser sings a love song
47、in front of a live audience. The speakers are each vocalizing words prepared by someone else, for instance, a playwright or a composer, and are openly pretending to be speakers expressing intentions that are not necessarily their own. Finally, there are private settings, in which people speak for th
48、emselves without actually addressing anyone else. For example, I like to explain silently to myself, or talk to myself about solving a research problem, or rehearsing what Im about to say in a seminar tomorrow. What I say isnt intended to be recognized by other people; it is only of use to myself. These are the features of private settings. 11 【正确答案】 A 12 【正确答案】 B 13 【正确答案】 C 14 【正确答案】 D 15 【正确答案】 D SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that fol
