1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 597及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Reading Efficiently by Reading Intelligently Using good reading strategies,you can get the maximum benefi
3、t from your reading with the mini effort. In todays lecture I will show you how to use six different strategies to read intelligently. Strategy 1: Knowing what you want to know A. ask yourself:whats your goal B. examine the text: look at the introduction and(1)(1)_ ask whether the book is suitable a
4、nd satisfying consider to find a better one if not Strategy 2 : Knowing how deeply to study the material A. skimming in need of(2)_of the subject(2)_ B. scanning in need of a moderate level of information C.(3)_ in need of detailed knowledge(3)_ Strategy 3: Active reading A. highlight and(4)_ the te
5、xt as you read(4)_ emphasize information and help you to review later you can only do this on your own books B. compare the benefit and the value of the book Strategy 4: How to study different sorts of material A. magazines: scan(5)_and turn to interesting articles(5)_ B. newspapers: learn the usefu
6、l sections and skip altogether C articles within(6)_:(6) - news articles;read the information(7)_(7)_ opinion articles;read the introduction and the summary feature articles;read(8)_of the text(8)_ Strategy 5: Reading “whole passage“ documents A. it is easy to accept the writers structure of thought
7、 B. compile your own(9)_before opening the document(9)_ Strategy 6: Using glossaries with technical documents A.(10)_or compile a glossary(10)_ B. note down the key concepts in your own words 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5 (5) 6 (6) 7 (7) 8 (8) 9 (9) 10 (10) SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this sectio
8、n you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 How can English learn
9、ers make use of ESL Journal? （ A） They can read ESL teaching journals. （ B） They can download some teaching materials. （ C） They can talk with each other on the forum. （ D） They can seek help from experienced teachers. 12 How did ESL Journal come into being? （ A） One teacher made a collection of her
10、 students works. （ B） A dozen students put their works on to the Internet. （ C） A college published their classroom projects. （ D） Dozens of people shared their views in a forum. 13 According to Ms. Stanley, ESL Journal system is quite successful in （ A） advanced writing and listening courses. （ B）
11、speaking and intermediate courses. （ C） grammar and advanced writing courses. （ D） intermediate and advanced writing courses. 14 What can donors get from donating money to the website? （ A） Website users are obliged to do promotion activities for them. （ B） The website will show their business or pe
12、rsonal links for one year. （ C） They can all get their banner ad or full page ad shown on the website. （ D） Their personal or business names will be shown on a printed directory. 15 All users of the website, including teachers and learners, must （ A） pay a membership fee. （ B） become registered user
13、s first. （ C） contribute their works. （ D） leave their contact information. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the qu
14、estions. 16 What is the consequence of the Friday gas pipeline explosion? （ A） Irans gas exports to Turkey were interrupted. （ B） A dispute was aroused between Iran and Turkey. （ C） Some firefighters lost their lives in the blast. （ D） Fire of the explosion kept on burning for three days. 17 Microso
15、fts search engine Bing （ A） is the core business of Microsoft. （ B） makes Google feel the pressure. （ C） provides fast mobile search service. （ D） is the third best among all search engines. 18 Google once changed its white background to an image because （ A） it was learning from Microsofts Bing. （
16、B） that was a special day for Google. （ C） Google users wanted to see a change. （ D） there was a problem with its server. 19 Which of the following statements about the launch of E-petitions is CORRECT? （ A） It was launched by the British government. （ B） British people petitioned the launch of it.
17、（ C） Its launch was discussed by lawmakers. （ D） Debate on death penalty triggered its launch. 20 Large-scale petitions on E-petitions will cause （ A） official debate on the Internet. （ B） direct change of present laws. （ C） concern from the Mouse of Commons. （ D） future rallies of British public. 2
18、0 Rarely does it get much more ironic. Marc Hauser,a professor of psychology at Harvard who made his name probing the evolutionary origins of morality, is suspected of having committed the closest thing academia has to a deadly sin: cheating. It is not the first time the scientific world has been ro
19、cked by scandal. But the present furore,involving as it does a prestigious university and one of its star professors, will echo through common rooms and quadrangles far and wide. The story broke when the Boston Globe revealed that Dr. Hauser had been under investigation since 2007 for alleged miscon
20、duct at Harvards Cognitive Evolution Laboratory, which he heads. This investigation has resulted in the retraction of an oft-cited study published in 2002 in Cognition, the publication last month of a correction to a paper from 2007 in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, and doubts about the valid
21、ity of findings published in Science, also in 2007. Dr. Hauser was the only author common to all three papers. An article in the Chronicle of Higher Education added further spice. It offered unsettling accounts by anonymous graduate students and research assistants depicting Dr. Hauser as brusquely
22、dismissive of their attempts to discuss possible improprieties in data collection and interpretation. This prompted Michael Smith,the hitherto taciturn dean of Harvards Faculty of Arts and Sciences, to react. In an open letter to the faculty,he confirmed that an internal investigation had found Dr.
23、Hauser “solely responsible“ for eight instances of scientific misconduct, involving the three published papers and five other pieces of research. On the same day,Dr. Hauser, who is on leave and refusing to be interviewed, issued a single contrite statement apologising for having made some “significa
24、nt mistakes“. These would not be his first. So far, none of this constitutes conclusive evidence of fraud. Slapdash lab work is not the same as fabricating data and Harvard has kept mum about the precise nature of the charges, citing concerns about privacy. Many researchers, however, fear that this
25、silence itself makes things worse and not just for Dr. Hauser and Harvard. The uncertainty about which of his results(for he has been a prolific researcher)are up to snuff means others in the field are finding it hard to decide what to rely on in their own work. And despite Dr. Hausers professed sol
26、e responsibility,a sizeable number of his present and former wards may unfairly be tainted by association. At the least, then, Dr. Hauser stands accused of setting the study of animal cognition back many years. Trying to discern an animals thought processes on the basis of its behaviour is notorious
27、ly tricky and subjective at the best of times. Now,his critics fear,no one will take it seriously. As Greg Laden,one of Dr. Hausers former colleagues, laments in a blog,“the hubris and selfishness of one person can do more in the form of damage than an entire productive career can do in the way of b
28、uilding of our collective credibility. “ Others are less depressed, warning against conflating scientific misconduct with difficult science. One corner-cutting researcher does not impugn a whole field. Clive Wynne, editor of Behavioural Processes, which published an “obsessively“ immaculate paper by
29、 Dr. Hauser three days before the Globes revelations,says he is struck by how meticulous recent research in his discipline has been. In general,scientists see themselves better placed than most to weed out cheats. The more startling a papers claims, the more likely it is that others will try to repl
30、icate it and, if the claims were plausible, fail. Moreover,scientists want their work to be replicated; it is the only way it will stand the test of time, observes Robert Seyfarth,a primatologist and Dr. Mausers former mentor. Many researchers cite Harvards probe as further proof of sciences self-co
31、rrecting mechanisms, and praise students for doughtily standing up to an authority figure of Dr. Hausers distinction. Gerry Altmann, editor of Cognition, agrees, adding: “Although at the time it might appear that each transgression is major,its eventual impact on science is minor. “ 21 We can conclu
32、de from the first two paragraphs that （ A） Marc Hauser was suspected of cheating in 2002. （ B） Marc Hausers scandal has caused great attention. （ C） Marc Hausers assistant laid bare his misconduct. （ D） several coauthors published an article in Science. 22 As to the news released by the Chronicle of
33、 Higher Education ,the author thinks it （ A） well-grounded. （ B） convincing. （ C） confusing. （ D） incredible. 23 The phrase “up to snuff“ in Paragraph 5 probably means_for a particular purpose. （ A） good enough （ B） available （ C） reasonable （ D） plausible 24 Which of the following statements is INC
34、ORRECT? （ A） Dr. Hauser claimed to take all the blame for cheating. （ B） Dr. Hauser was criticized for his study many years ago. （ C） Dr. Hausers critics fear his misconduct will be ignored. （ D） Dr. Hausers misconduct may not affect his field of research. 25 It can be inferred from the passage that
35、 （ A） Dr. Hausers misconduct was probably disclosed by his students. （ B） researchers often tend to startle the public with unexpected claims. （ C） Dr. Hausers published papers were considered too good to be true. （ D） according to Gerry Altmann, Dr. Hausers influence will disappear. 25 Watchdogs ar
36、e growling at the web giants, and sometimes biting them. European data-protection agencies wrote to Google, Microsoft and Yahoo! demanding independent proof that they were making promised changes to protect the privacy of users search history. They also urged Google to store sensitive search data fo
37、r only six months instead of nine. Ten privacy and data-protection commissioners from countries including Canada, Germany and Britain wrote a public letter to Eric Schmidt,Googles boss,demanding changes in Google Buzz,the firms social-networking service, which had been criticised for dipping into us
38、ers Gmail accounts to find “followers“ for them without clearly explaining what it was doing. Google promptly complied. Such run-ins with regulators are likely to multiply and limit the freedom of global Internet firms. It is not just that online privacy has become a controversial issue. More import
39、antly,privacy rules are national, but data flows lightly and instantly across borders,often thanks to companies like Google and Facebook, which manage vast databases. A recent scandal dubbed “Wi-Figate“ exemplifies the problem. Google(accidentally, it insists)gathered data from unsecured Wi-Fi netwo
40、rks in peoples homes as part of a project to capture images of streets around the world. A number of regulators launched investigations. Yet their reaction varied widely, even within the European Union, where member states have supposedly aligned their stance on online privacy. Some European regulat
41、ors ordered Google to preserve the data it had collected in their bailiwicks; others demanded that information related to their countries be destroyed. Despite such differences within Europe,the gap is much greater between Europe and America,home to many of the worlds largest online social networks
42、and search engines. European regulations are inspired by the conviction that data privacy is a fundamental human right and that individuals should be in control of how their data are used. America,on the other hand, takes a more relaxed view, allowing people to use consumer-protection laws to seek r
43、edress if they feel their privacy has been violated. Companies that handle users data are largely expected to police themselves. Some experts say this dichotomy explains why Silicon Valley firms that strike out abroad have sometimes been the targets of European Union data watchdogs. Jules Polonetsky
44、 of the Future of Privacy Forum,a think tank, says that many American firms have yet to learn that showing up in Europe and extolling the virtues of self-regulation is likely to be as ineffective as rightwing politicians denouncing antidiscrimination laws back home. Transatlantic friction between co
45、mpanies and regulators has grown as Europes data guardians have become more assertive. Francesca Bignami,a professor at George Washington Universitys law school,says that the explosion of digital technologies has made it impossible for watchdogs to keep a close eye on every web company operating in
46、their backyard. So instead they are relying more on scapegoating prominent wrongdoers in the hope that this will deter others. But regulators such as Peter Schaar?who heads Germanys federal data-protection agency, say the gulf is exaggerated. Some European countries, he points out, now have rules th
47、at make companies who suffer big losses of customer data to report these to the authorities. The inspiration for these measures comes from America. Yet even Mr. Schaar admits that the Internets global scale means that there will need to be changes on both sides of the Atlantic. He hints that Europe
48、might adopt a more flexible regulatory stance if America were to create what amounts to an independent data-protection body along European lines. In Europe, where the flagship Data Protection Directive came into effect in 1995,before firms such as Google and Facebook were even founded, the European
49、Commission is conducting a review of its privacy policies. In America,Congress has begun debating a new privacy bill and the Federal Trade Commission is considering an overhaul of its rules. David Vladeck,the head of the FTCs Bureau of Consumer Protection, has acknowledged that “existing privacy frameworks have limitations“. Even if America and Europe do narrow their differences, Internet firms will still have to grapple with other data watch
