1、专业八级-597 及答案解析(总分：78.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Memory. Introduction to memory the capacity for storing and 1 information 2 , constructed, and edited boundless and full of holes/distortions . 3 A. 4 processing information into memory automatic and 5 p
2、rocessing different ways of encoding verbal information a. structural encoding: forms b. phonemic encoding: 6 c. semantic encoding: meanings deeper processing 7 memory B. storage: a 8 model sensory memory of large capacity: 9 short-term memory of limited capacity: enhanced by 10 and chunking working
3、 memory: allowing storage and 11 12 of infinite capacity: lasting a lifetime C. retrieval: getting information 13 14 : stimuli that help the process of retrieval a. associations b. context c. 15 . Conclusion （分数：15.00）填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)（分数：5.00）A.How to have a happy and interesting H
4、alloween.B.How to deal with treats and candies after Halloween.C.How to be environment-friendly on Halloween.D.How to get along with kids on Halloween.A.A movement.B.An agency.C.A magazine.D.A TV serial.A.Solar lights can be used to make a ghost.B.Solar power ghosts can be very creepy.C.Solar power
5、ghosts start to gl0w when the sun rises.D.Ghosts with solar lights save more energy.A.Light emitting diode.B.Leading edge devices.C.Lead emitting diode.D.Light emitting dioxide.A.To show it is not hot.B.To show it is safe.C.To show it is cheap and solid.D.To show it lasts more hours.（分数：5.00）A.The h
6、ost would like to do it.B.The host is not sure.C.The host turns it down.D.The host refuses it politely.A.Solar power.B.Air source heat.C.Wind power.D.Electricity.A.Because it“ll cause trouble for the landfill.B.Because it should be recycled.C.Because it is a waste of money.D.Because it“s still usefu
7、l, as planter perhaps.A.Black cats.B.Monsters.C.Bats.D.Glowing stones.A.Because it contains the antioxidant in dark chocolate.B.Because it is quite effective in making Halloween looks.C.Because it helps to deal with the unneeded chocolates.D.Because it is cheap and effective.四、PART READING COMPR(总题数
8、：1，分数：22.00)PASSAGE ONE Too much time in the sun may be especially harmful for baby, according to a review of new insights by the American Academy of Pediatrics into the importance of protecting young skin. Baby and toddler skin differs considerably from the skin of older children and adults, so it“
9、s important to protect infants from early on. The notion that babies don“t get sunburned is false; research has shown evidence of UV-induced pigmentation, starting with baby“s first exposure to summer sun. And those early changes may contribute to the development of skin cancer later on. As a result
10、, pediatricians need to emphasize the importance of staying safe in the sun to new parents. Parents need to recalibrate their thinking and be vigorous with sun protection from early on. What we know about sun protection is all based on studies in adults. But there are physiological differences betwe
11、en kids and adults in the barrier function of skin, with fluctuating lipid-to-protein ratios and various sizes of cells. Research has shown that the skin on the backsor outsideof babies“ arms changes in pigmentation when they“re exposed to UV light. Even in the first summer of life, there is a measu
12、rable difference. The AAP“s current recommendation is to apply sunscreen to babies six months and olderparents should use sunscreens with gender, more moisturizing ingredients for babiesbut researchers say that lower age limit is most likely flexible. There“s probably no harm in putting sunscreen on
13、 a younger child, after the first few weeks. Sunscreen is only one defense against sun exposure for babies and childrenas well as adults. You should also practice sun avoidance, especially for kids under 6 months old, which means staying out of the sun during the hottest parts of the day10 a.m. to 4
14、 p.m. Remember also to wear protective clothing. If you are using sunscreen, be sure to use enough and to reapply regularly. Selecting appropriate sunscreens is another challenge. In general, physical sunscreens that rely on titanium dioxide or zinc oxide to block the sun“s rays, and sit on the surf
15、ace of the skin, are preferable to chemical sunscreens, which contain chemicals that may be absorbed by the skin. It can be hard to find affordable physical sunscreens, thoughoften marketed as “natural“ sunscreensthat don“t contain preservatives such as parabens, which some experts worry may disrupt
16、 the endocrine system. The fact is that it“s hard to get away from additives. So are parabens a problem? They can be a sensitizer, but they“re not as bad as many think. PASSAGE TWO William E. Dodd was an academic historian, living a quiet life in Chicago, when Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed him Uni
17、ted States ambassador to Germany. It was 1933, Hitler had recently been appointed chancellor, the world was about to change. Had Dodd gone to Berlin by himself, his reports of events, his diary entries, his quarrels with the State Department, his conversations with Roosevelt would be source material
18、 for specialists. But the general reader is in luck on two counts: First, Dodd took his family to Berlin, including his young, beautiful and sexually adventurous daughter, Martha; second, the book that recounts this story, “In the Garden of Beasts,“ is by Erik Larson, the author of “The Devil in the
19、 White City.“ Larson has meticulously researched the Dodds“ intimate witness to Hitler“s ascendancy and created an edifying narrative of this historical byway that has all the pleasures of a political thriller: innocents abroad, the gathering storm. When the Dodds arrived in Germany in July 1933, st
20、orm troopers were beating American tourists bloody on the streets. Jews (1 percent of Germany“s population) were targets of brutal violence and ever tightening social restrictions. Martha Dodd found life in Berlin entirely charming. Many men courted her and found her eagerly responsive. She was enth
21、ralled with the Nazi movement: “I felt like a child, ebullient and careless, the intoxication of the new regime working like wine in me,“ she wrote in her memoir. To a friend she said, “We sort of don“t like the Jews anyway.“ In this last, at least, she echoed the general view at home. Public opinio
22、n was isolationist: the country would scarcely open its doors to German-Jewish refugees; the State Department was filled with anti-Semites, inclined to let Hitler have his way. American Jewish leaders were themselves divided on the best response to the crisis. As Roosevelt had instructed Dodd, Germa
23、ny“s treatment of Jews was shameful, but it was not the business of the American government. At first, Dodd was optimistic that Hitler“s regime would change. But as the months passed, it became clear to him that a disaster was in process, that Hitler was bound for a war to dominate Europe. Dodd beca
24、me a Cassandra: “What mistakes and blunders,“ he wrote, “and no democratic peoples do anything!“ In her love affairs, Martha was ecumenical and prodigal: Rudolph Diels, for one, chief of the Gestapo; the writer Thomas Wolfe, when he came to town; a French diplomat; a German flying ace; and most impo
25、rtant, Boris Winogradov, who was attached to the Soviet Embassy, and with whom she fell in love. Martha, now disillusioned with the Nazis, was recruited by the Soviet secret police. After almost five years in Germany, Dodd came home exhausted and ill. He continued to warn of the great danger ahead,
26、but, as he wrote to Roosevelt in 1939, after Hitler“s invasion of Poland, “Now it is too late.“ A few months later, he was dead. Winogradov disappeared in Stalin“s purges, but Martha continued her connection with Soviet intelligence. When she returned to the United States, she was no longer useful a
27、s a agent. Nevertheless, in 1953, when Martha and her husband, Alfred Stern, were subpoenaed by the House Committee on Un-American Activities, they fled to Mexico, and from there to Prague, where Martha died in 1990 at the age of 82, disillusioned once again. The story of prewar Germany, of the Jews
28、, of book burnings, of the Reichstag trial, of the Night of the Long Knives, of the Nuremberg rally, of the unfolding disaster is old news. But Larson has connected the dots to make a fresh picture of these terrible events, PASSAGE THREE Right now we could all use a selective memory wipea magical er
29、aser to remove all the misery Michael Jackson endured and caused. Just for a minute, we“d like to have pure recollections of the thrilling dancer and singer who dominated “80s music, created the all-time best-selling album of new songs (Thriller) and seemed the very model of the cool dude with the s
30、ensitive soul. And we wouldn“t mind feeling some uncomplicated warmth for the young Jacko who, as the Cupid and Kewpie doll of the Motown brother act the Jackson Five, displayed the charisma that marked him for future and, we thought, perpetual stardom. Why can“t a pop icon“s life and legacy be as e
31、asy as ABC? On the evening of his death from cardiac arrest, fans by the thousands convened at impromptu memorial sites. Unable to commemorate his passing at his star on the Hollywood Walk of Fameit was covered by a red carpet outside the Chinese Theatre, where a Bruno premiere was to take placethe
32、pop phenom“s admirers placed notes and flowers further down Hollywood Boulevard on the star of a much less famous radio host who happened also to be named Michael Jackson. Newscasters mostly observed the rule of decorum in such matters: speak only good of the dead. As Josh Tyrangiel noted in his obi
33、t, there was much good, much brilliance, to speak of. Hail to the King of Pop; rest in peace. And yet, as Tyrangiel also pointed out, Jackson“s memory is complicated, compromised, tainted. In some ways his decline was familiar: the star attraction whose star fades. Once the richest of pop idols, he
34、flirted with bankruptcy in the past decade, selling many of his assets to Sony to wipe out huge debts. For years his main income came not from his own music but from royalties from much of the Beatles“ catalog, which he owned. He may have relinquished some of these rights in a financing deal with So
35、ny; details were not made public. Jackson was also forced to sell his Neverland ranch outside Santa Barbara, Calif., and auction off many of its treasures. Some antics, like dangling his infant son Prince from a balcony, tested the limits of what an eccentric celebrity could get away with. Other asp
36、ects of Jackson“s fall come close to being unique. For the past two decades, he has been famous for being infamous: the sad, self-mutilating creature who may have acted on impulses he thought were paternal but were in fact predatory. Accused twice of child molestationthe first time, in 1994, he esca
37、ped trial by paying his accuser $22 million; he was acquitted in 2005 of a second chargeJackson acknowledged the evidence was damning enough even to a public that demands little but that their stars offer a semblance of recognizable humanity. Soon after his career went stratospheric, Jackson went ex
38、traterrestrial. With the aid of plastic surgeons who should have known better, he almost literally defaced himself. For some imaginary Madame Tussaud“s, he transformed himself into his own waxed figure, a modern Phantom of the Opera in pallor and disfigurement. A pop star has problems when his fans
39、can“t bear to look at him. Jackson“s life was never, ever normal. For a celebrity of his magnitude, to be seen is to be smothered, to be a star is to be a freak, to be loved is to be abused. A poignant and appalling case history that could have come straight out of Krafft-Ebing, Jackson“s childhood
40、was marred by mistreatment. In a 1993 interview with Oprah Winfrey, he recalled his youth, when his father Joseph was making millions off his sons“ popularity. Jackson said that in puberty“very sad, sad years for me“his father routinely called him ugly, “and I would cry every day.“ When Winfrey aske
41、d, “Did your father ever beat you?“ Jackson tried to smile as he said yes. Then, in an aside to his father, he added, “I“m sorry. Please don“t be mad at me.“ With that wincing smile, Jackson was like a wounded orphan who has walked through fire and has booked a return trip. In 1993, Michael“s sister
42、 LaToya, who is perhaps not the most reliable of witnesses, claimed that their mother Katherine had called Michael a “damn ft.“ How strong is the bond, the bondage, of victim to victimizer? Strong enough that one never breaks free. Jackson dedicated his album Dangerous to “My dearest parents, Kather
43、ine and Joseph Jackson.“ Michael“s speaking and singing voice never matured; neither, it appears, did he. When Winfrey asked Jackson if he was a virgin, he smiled and said he was “a gentleman. You can call me old-fashioned, if you want.“ Old-fashioned? Archaic. Identifying with the don“t-want- to-gr
44、ow-up Peter Pana role he hoped to play in a Steven Spielberg film version of the James M. Barrie playhe called his ranch Neverland, populated it with an exotic menagerie and surrounded himself with young boys. They were meant to be supporting players in an improved, redeemed fantasy version of his o
45、wn damaged childhood. Yet Jackson“s profound weirdnessnot just the glove or the seaweed hair striping his face but the blanched skin, the pained eyes, the tremulous soulhinted that Peter Pan was the wrong role for him. Wasn“t Jackson really one of Peter“s Lost Boys, stranded between childhood and ad
46、olescence, loved by the public yet feeling caged and abandoned, and searching, groping for the Edenic innocence he believed was any child“s birthright? Or, to pick an image from another Disney cartoon classic, Neverland could also be Pinocchio“s Pleasure Island, where careless lads were transformed
47、into slaves and donkeys. And this pop-star Pan could instead be the Pied Piper, the musician who lured children into a cave as their parents gasped in fright. “I love being around them,“ Jackson wrote in his 1988 autobiography, Moonwalk. “There always seem to be a bunch of kids over at the house, an
48、d they“re always welcome. They energize mejust being around them.“ When he welcomed handicapped kids to the ranch, he felt he was their equal, and they were friends he could play with, or sing toor, he must have thought, love, in the purest sense of the word. He told Winfrey that what he most regret
49、ted not having as a kid was “slumber parties.“ That“s what he arranged for his young guests, who were often wounded souls themselves. The boy who brought the complaint against Jackson that went to trial met him after undergoing chemotherapy treatments for leukemia as a 10-year-old. Perhaps we should forget Peter Pan for the moment, and remember that Jackson told Winfrey of his kinship with another outsider, John Merrick, that sweet-souled, tragically deformed creature known as the Elephant Man. “I love the story,“ he said. “It reminds m
