1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 660及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 An Approach to Factual Writing I. The demands of differing nonfiction text Much of the research into the
3、development of childrens writing has tended to concentrate on personal and (1)_texts. Nonfiction writing often has been (2)_. II. Language of (3)_ A. Powerful forms of language -(4)_ Explanation Report Discussion B. (5)_ the childrens range of nonfictional writing. C. Spanning the joint-activity and
4、 independent activity phase. III. Writing frames A. The (6)_phase;where we offer our students strategies to aid writing but they can use without an adult being alongside them. B. Writing frames: A (n) (7)_outline: keywords or phrases Effects: a) Students become increasingly (8) _with unfamiliar genr
5、es. b) Students overcome many problems often associated with nonfictional writing. IV. The genres of writing frames in practical use A. The (9)_genre;encouraging the use of previous knowledge. B. The discussion genre;using a discussion frame. V. Significance (10)_learning suggests that learning is a
6、lways context dependent. The frame itself is not a purpose for writing. Writing frames are helpful to students of all ages and all abilities. SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to
7、 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Considering that the robbers _,this is quite a daring bank robbery. （ A） stole a Ford just outside the bank （ B） didnt cover the regi
8、stration plate of the car （ C） parked the car just outside the bank and robbed the bank in broad daylight （ D） abandoned the car after the robbery 12 The registration number of the car the robbers drove is _. （ A） BWA59CA or BWH59CH （ B） BWV593A or BWV593H （ C） BWA593 or BWH593 （ D） BWA59C or BWH59C
9、 13 Which of the following is TRUE? （ A） The robber fired a shot to make the customers lie on the floor. （ B） The robber fired the gun after he loaded it. （ C） The robber didnt fire the gun because it wasnt loaded. （ D） The robber didnt fire the gun although it may be loaded. 14 Which of the followi
10、ng is NOT TRUE? （ A） The police came after the manager pressed the alarm bell. （ B） The police came after one customer called for help. （ C） The police came and grabbed the scarf of the robber before he made his escape. （ D） The police came after the robbers made their escape. 15 Which of the follow
11、ing details does not match the description of the robber? （ A） Long hair. （ B） Tattered jeans. （ C） Broad shoulder. （ D） A sticking plaster on the face. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow
12、. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 U. S. officials have shut down websites that （ A） provide illegal film-viewing services. （ B） crack websites of banks and movie producers. （ C） cheat visitors of access fees to movies. （ D） offer free advertisin
13、g services to filmmakers. 16 In the 1960s scientists begin to recognize that environmental contaminants could not only affect the health and survival of individual animals but also alter the prospects for their off-spring and thereby potentially change the genetic makeup of entire populations. Resea
14、rchers were first altered to problems in wildlife in the 40s after the populations of eagles, falcons, and the other fish-eating birds in Britain plummeted. In nest after nest the birds eggshells were so thin that they cracked under the weight of the adults during incubation. In the 1960s David Peak
15、all and other wildlife toxicologists demonstrated that the accumulation of very high levels of such pesticides as DDT in the birds tissues had seriously impaired their productive capabilities. Some of these declines resulted in the complete disappearance of populations from large portions of their f
16、ormer range. In North America, for example, the eastern population of the peregrine falcon was virtually wiped out. More recently, the Golf Coast population of the brown pelican disappeared as a result of eggshell thinning thought to be caused by the organochlorine pesticides dieldrin and endrin. Si
17、nce then, researchers have provided additional evidence that environmental pollution can affect future generations. For example, exposure to high levels of PCBs has been shown to affect the learning and behavior of children. In the 1980s Snadra W. Jacobson and Joseph L. Jacobson of Wayne State Unive
18、rsity, Detroit, Michigan, studied a group of children whose mothers had eaten PCBcontained fish from Lake Michigan. The researchers found that the childrens prenatal exposure to these compounds resulted in neurological anomalies at birth and developmental delays in motor function during infancy. The
19、 Jacobson retested the children at age 11. In a 1996 report they noted that the children exhibited significantly poorer intellectual function, amounting to a 6.2 point deficit in the IQs of the most highly exposed subjects. Contaminants also have been linked to a critical loss of genetic variability
20、 in populations of living organisms. One of the best studies of this phenomenon was published in 1994 by M. H Murdoch and P.D.N. Hebert of the University of Guelph, Ontario. The study measured the variations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of populations of brown bullhead catfish in the Great Lakes
21、, comparing bullheads from pristine reference areas with bullheads living in heavily contaminated with such pollutants as organochlorines and petrochemicals. The two researchers used one of the most powerful tools of modern molecular population genetics-molecular analysis of DNA. By revealing differ
22、ences in the specific code, i.e., in the sequence of nucleotides, contained in the DNA of a particular gene, the technique can help identify and quantify genetic variety within and among populations. For their study, Murdoch and Hebert examinated variations in genes of the cellular mitochondria, whi
23、ch possess their own DNA (mtDNA) that is distinct from the DNA found in the cell nucleus. Because mitochondrial genes are not “shuffled“ in the production of sperm and egg cells, as are nuclear genes, and because they are transmitted to offspring only by the mother, they are ideal for charting the r
24、elatedness and evolutionary history of spaces. The researchers found that although the numbers of fish were abundant in both types of sites, the levels of genetic variability were always significantly higher in the pristine areas. The most likely explanation is that bullheads populations in polluted
25、 waters crashed after their initial contact with contaminants, but the remaining fish were able to repopulate because a few individuals possessed rare genes that allowed them to adapt and survive. Thus, even though the bullhead populations appeared to be thriving in contaminated areas, the genetic m
26、akeup of their populations had undergone a damaging simplification, a depletion of the storehouse of adaptations that animals can draw upon to surmount environmental challenges such as the introduction of a new disease of fluctuations in climate. Their genetic diversity potentially could be quickly
27、increased by the influx of new genes from migrant fish, but most fish from other populations might survive in the polluted sites long enough to contribute to the gene pool. 17 The main purpose of the first 3 paragraphs of the passage is to _. （ A） prove that contaminants are harmful to health （ B） s
28、how that contaminants could affect the future generations （ C） describe some experiments made by toxicologists （ D） urge that pesticides should be abandoned 18 What is David Peakall? （ A） He is a farmer. （ B） He is a scientist of physics. （ C） He is a toxicologist. （ D） He works at the University of
29、 Michigan. 19 From the passage, we know that dieldrin is _. （ A） a kind of falcon （ B） a kind of pesticides （ C） a kind of catfish （ D） not mentioned in the passage 20 Which of the following could be drawn from the passage? （ A） Contaminants have nothing to do with a critical loss of genetic variabi
30、lity in populations of living organisms. （ B） Contaminants can affect human beings, （ C） Before 1960, some experiments about contaminants effect on genetic variability in populations of living organisms had been made. （ D） Hebert comes from Wayne State University. 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 M
31、IN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 21 The Chartist Movement, though failed, was the first nationwide_and drew attention to serious problems. （ A） working class movement （ B） middle class movement （ C） upper class movement
32、 （ D） peasant movement 22 The United States of America is the_in the world in population. （ A） largest （ B） secondlargest （ C） thirdlargest （ D） fourthlargest 23 The Cuban-Americans have done very well_. （ A） in Florida （ B） in business with Cuba （ C） politically （ D） economically 24 Which is the la
33、rgest freshwater lake in the United States? （ A） Lake Huron. （ B） Lake Erie. （ C） Lake Ontario. （ D） Lake Superior. 25 Strong affinity to the Chinese and Oriental literature can be found in the works of _. （ A） Mark Twain （ B） Ezra Pound （ C） Emily Dikinson （ D） Arthur Miller 26 The term “The Lost G
34、eneration“ mainly refers to the American generation of young people after _. （ A） WWI （ B） WWII （ C） the Civil War （ D） the Vietnam War 27 Which Midwestern city of the USA is the automobile capital of the world? （ A） Chicago. （ B） Detroit. （ C） Milwaukee. （ D） Cleveland. 28 Noah Webster was a _. （ A
35、） novelist （ B） poet （ C） lexicographer （ D） essayist 29 In Britain, children must by law receive a full-time education at the age of_. （ A） 5-16 （ B） 7-18 （ C） 6-16 （ D） 5-12 30 The Australian Federal Parliament is modeled on _. （ A） the Westminster system （ B） the White House system （ C） the Unite
36、d Nations system （ D） the Aboriginal system 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING he had returned home from the campaign 6. _ trail to retrieve his tax information. But politically, the timing is awkward, 7. _ Despite his victory in the Iowa caucuses, Mr. Santorum has not come close to winning everywhere else and
37、 is trailing badly in the polls for the Florida primary, 8. _ He has been trying to beat back rumors he is aiming for the vice-presidential slot 9. _ or that he will quit the race and urge his conservative supporters to back Newt Gingrich in effort to stop the more moderate Mitt Romney. 10._ SECTION
38、 A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 41 由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学四年，所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识。世人常称大学为 “最高学府 ”，这名称易滋误解，好像过此以上即无学问可言。大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在，在这里做学问也只能算是粗涉藩篱，注重的是研究学问的方法和实习。学无止境，一生的时间都嫌太 短，所以古人皓首穷经，头发白了还是继续研究，不过在这样的研究中确是有浓厚的趣味。 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Dire
39、ctions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 42 Since adopting a male agenda in life is arguably only another form of submission, quite a number of highly educated and economically privileged women are now opting, to take career breaks so as to be at home with their children for longer than th
40、at insulting 18 weeks. The most welcome trend in parenting is that men are participating more and more. Even that is not free of conflict, though. Intellectually, women want men to be equal parents and do their share. But theres often a contradictory emotional sub-text because children are the last
41、bastion of distaff power in the family. “I want him to help me but this is my territory and being better at it is one of the few things Ive got as a female.“ In truth, although they havent had generations of practice, theres no reason why men cant rear children as well as women. Men left to cope aft
42、er bereavement or divorce, as well as some who take on the role of principal carer within a partnership, are already doing it. 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 43 Students living in the campus have different views on visitation ho
43、urs established for girls dormitory, while you can visit boys dormitory at any time. What is your view? You are to write a letter of approximately 400 words on this issue to the House Council of students Dormitory. In the first part of your letter you should present your thesis statement, and in the
44、 second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may re
45、sult in a loss of marks. Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. 专业英语八级模拟试卷 660答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you
46、will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 An Approach to Factual Writin
47、g Good morning. Today we are going to talk about a new approach to factual writing. Our literate society demands that we read and write a wide range of texts. It is an observable fact that many of the texts we, as adult members of society, encounter everyday and need to deal with are nonfiction text
48、s. (1) Much of the research of the last few decades into the development of childrens writing has tended to concentrate on personal and fictional texts; (2)nonfiction writing often has been neglected. The increasing demand that children read and respond to all kinds of writing means that we need to
49、look closely at how we can help students become aware, and develop into competent writers,of differing nonfiction text. Persuasion, explanation, report and discussion are powerful forms of language that we use to get things done. These forms have been called the language of power,and it can be argued that students who leave our classrooms unable to operate successfully within these powerful genres are denied ac
