1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 245及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Why People Work We may fully realize the role of work in providing us the【 1】 _ things of life. 【 1】 _ Bu
3、t we may ignore its role in contributing to our 【 2】 _ well-being. For most people, work 【 2】 _ is not only a necessity, but also the【 3】 _. 【 3】 _ of their lives. Many doctors have observed its 【 4】 _effect. For many people, the 【 4】 _ absence of job is【 5】 _. to their health. 【 5】 _ Why people nee
4、d work? Firstly, people get their【 6】 _ rewards from work. 【 6】 _ Everybody wants to do something that can serve as a【 7】 _ to our ability. Secondly, 【 7】 _ people need to be【 8】 _ recognized. A 【 8】 _ good job can provide people with both status and 【 9】 _. 【 9】 _ We are often misled by peoples com
5、plaints about difficult work. In fact, most of them regard their own capacity to do the tough job as the mark of their unique personality. For us human beings, it is energy【 10】 _ that is 【 10】 _ satisfying. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW
6、Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview
7、. 11 Which of the following about BBC in NOT correct? （ A） The initials BBC stand for British Broadcasting Corporation. （ B） Its a public corporation. （ C） The government cant control it. （ D） There are some adverts on it. 12 ITV gets its money from _. （ A） investments （ B） the TV licenses （ C） adve
8、rtisements （ D） the government 13 According to the conversation, what does the Open University refer to? （ A） The university broadcasts on both BBC and ITV. （ B） The university for people whove never been to university. （ C） The university for people who have got a chance to go to university. （ D） T
9、he university run in the open fields. 14 Which of the following is not a reason for the mans not going to the cinema? （ A） It costs money. （ B） He watches only news programmes. （ C） Its a lot more trouble going out than staying at home. （ D） He only likes old films. 15 According to the man if you wa
10、tch football on TV rather than go to the match, （ A） you feel the importance of the occasion （ B） you dont lose any of the atmosphere （ C） you get a better view of the game （ D） you feel as good as in real life SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.
11、Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Where was the prison located? （ A） In the southern state of Tumailimo. （ B） In the mining town of Tnmailimo. （ C） In the jungles southeast of Caracas. （
12、D） 70 kilometers southeast of Caracas. 17 According to the news, which of the following is TRUE? （ A） The injured people have been taken to the prison hospital for medical treatment. （ B） The clash broke out when the prisoners were eating breakfast. （ C） The riot was caused by rivalry between inmate
13、s and police. （ D） Dozens of people have been killed or wounded in the riot. 18 According to Rear Adm. John D. Stufflebeem, the total number of Taliban detainees under US control （ A） 22. （ B） 300. （ C） 324. （ D） 482 19 What is now under discussion according to Pentagon spokeswoman Torie Clarke? （ A
14、） The Geneva Convention. （ B） The screening process. （ C） The true identity of the detainees. （ D） The status and ultimate disposition .of the detainees. 20 In terms of the application of the Geneva Convention, the US is determined （ A） to keep the total number of Taliban detainees growing. （ B） to
15、discuss the detainees and other matters. （ C） to look at the matter with new eyes and new thoughts. （ D） to identify people and what category they would belong in. 20 The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed, unalloyed, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex n
16、ews it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts, This is the most important assignment confronting American journalism to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no
17、longer any such thing ( with the possible exception of such scribbling as society and club news) as “local“ news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life. There is in journalism a widespread vie
18、w that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense. The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine themselves to the “facts“. This insistence raises two questions: what are the f
19、acts? And: are the bare facts enough? As to the first query, consider how a so-called “factual“ story comes about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten, which he considers most important. This is Judgment Nu
20、mber One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece. This is important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph. This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on
21、page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three. Thus, in the presentation of a so-called “factual“ or “objective“ story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in whi
22、ch reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their “news neutralism“, arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news. The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather than subjective processes as objective, that is
23、, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.) If an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He
24、 can do it by the selection of those facts that prop up his particular plea. Or he can do it by the pay he gives a story promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty. 25 Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and p
25、roducing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleadin
26、g when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from differences in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produce
27、s new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very
28、 different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeares Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picassos painting Guernica primarily a prepositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils
29、 of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rathe
30、r than transcend that form. This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field: the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a
31、 composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists
32、would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozarts The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music. even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from t
33、he stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits of the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel a
34、nd Bach in strikingly original ways. 30 The trade and investment relationship between the European Union and the United States is the most important in the world. Despite the emergence of competitors, Europe and America are the dynamo of the global economy. This economic relationship is a foundation
35、 of our political partnership, which we all know has been through a difficult patch. The identity of interest between Europe and America is less obvious than during the cold war. But while the trans-Atlantic relationship is becoming more complex, that does not make it less important. As European com
36、missioner for trade, I do not agree that European and American values are fundamentally diverging, or that our interests no longer coincide. We still share a belief in democracy and individual freedoms, and in creating opportunity and economic openness. We face the same security challenges. We look
37、ahead to shared global problems: poverty, migration, resource crises, climate change. We need commitment and vision to redefine our relationship. I want to see a stronger and more balanced partnership one in which Europe is more united, more willing to take its role in global leadership and one wher
38、e the United States is more inclined to share leadership with Europe. We need to find ways to complement each other, not compete in the political arena. We will not achieve either side of this equation without the other. Europe needs to build stronger foreign policies and to be ready to act on the w
39、orld stage. But equally, the body language we see from America has a huge impact on how Europeans view the partnership. Our common interest requires a strong Europe, not a weak and divided one. I hope that the United States will reinforce its historical support for European integration. I am fortuna
40、te now to take over an area of policy in which Europe is highly effective: trade. Our top trade priority on both sides of the Atlantic must be to put our weight behind the multilateral Doha development agenda. Concluding this negotiation in a way that lives up to its ambition will bring enormous ben
41、efits. Collectively, we took a major step in reaching the framework agreement in Geneva last July, following the lead taken by the E. U. on agriculture export subsidies. We now look to the United States and others to follow that lead, and we need to accelerate work in other areas on industrial tarif
42、fs and services to achieve a balanced result. The Doha round of talks differs from any other in its focus on development. Europe and the United States must ensure that poorer countries are fully engaged and derive benefits. But the issues we need to tackle to stimulate growth and innovation in trans
43、-Atlantic trade are not those on the Doha agenda. Our markets are relatively open and highly developed. We need to concentrate on removing regulatory and structural barriers that inhibit activity. This is about cutting international red tape. Our regulatory systems and cultures are different, but th
44、at is where real gains can be made. As E. U. trade commissioner I want to develop an ambitious but practical trans-Atlantic agenda. I am not inclined to set rhetorical targets or launch lofty initiatives. I want a set of achievable goals. Work on trans-Atlantic deregulation will also contribute to t
45、he central goal of the new European Commission: promoting growth and jobs in Europe. I am not naive. I am not turning a blind eye to the inevitable disputes in trans-Atlantic trade. They are relatively small as a proportion of total trade, but they make the headlines. They reflect the huge volume of
46、 our trade and investment flows. That is good. They also reflect our readiness to settle disputes in the World Trade Organization. That is also good. The WTO is the best example of effective multilateralism that the world has so far invented. I hope we will work together to uphold it. If multilatera
47、lism is to be worthwhile, it has to be effective and that goes for every part of the relationship between Europe and America. 34 The first performance of Tchaikovskys The Nutcracker, in St. Petersburg in 1892, was a flop. Wrote one critic the next day: “For dancers there is rather little in it; for
48、art absolutely nothing, and for the artistic fate of our ballet, one more step downward.“ Two decades passed before another production was attempted. A century later, the ballet constitutes the single biggest fine-ms moneymaker in the United States, which has claimed the ballet as its own. In 1996,
49、box-office receipts for some 2,400 American performances of the work by more than 20,000 dancers totaled nearly U. S, $ 50 million. Despite the ballets popularity, however, few Americans are aware of its history or of some of the twists and turns of fete that have changed it from its original form. Choreographer Maurice Petipa (known as the “father of classical b
