1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 73及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Oral Presentation One of the ways that teachers use to involve their students more actively in the learnin
3、g process is 【 1】 _ seminars. In a seminar, students are expected to give oral presentations. There are two main stages involved in presenting a seminar paper. One is the 【 2】_ stage; the other is the presentation stage. In the latter stage you can do this by 【 3】 _ copies of the paper in advance to
4、 all the participants, if possible. Otherwise the paper will have to be read aloud to the group. When you use the first method, you must not simply read the whole paper aloud because: 1 if the paper is fairly long, there may not be enough time for 【 4】 _ 2 there may be 【 5】 _ of comprehension when o
5、ne is listening. 3 it can be very 【 6】 _ listening to something being read aloud. To make your oral presentation clear and easy to understand, you must follow several things. Decide on a 【 7】 _. for your talk. Deliver your speech slowly. Concentrate on the main points. Speak from the 【 8】 _. Pro- vi
6、de thinking time before and after each important new item by pausing, 【 9】 _ and using filler words. Look at your audience while you are speaking. Make a strong 【 10】 _ by repeating your main points briefly. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW
7、Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview
8、. 11 According to the interview, how many people have been added to the Earths population in the past century? （ A） More than two billion. （ B） More than three billion. （ C） More than Four billion. （ D） More than Six billion. 12 Which of the following is not a factor that has contributed to the rapi
9、d population growth? （ A） Now, there are no wars and people live in a peaceful world. （ B） More children can live to their adulthood and have their own children. （ C） People live longer now than in the past. （ D） People immunize many fatal diseases of which many people died. 13 Which part of the wor
10、ld did NOT experience the negative population growth? （ A） America. （ B） Australia. （ C） Asia. （ D） Europe. 14 If a country has a population of 20 million and its rate of natural population increase is 2%, after 34 years, the country will have a population of _. （ A） 80 million （ B） 60 million （ C）
11、50 million （ D） 40 million 15 The population of America continue to grow because of _. （ A） its growing birth rates （ B） the migration of persons from other countries （ C） its good health condition （ D） its longer life expectancy SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear eve
12、rything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Why did NASA decide to bring the shuttle home earlier? （ A） The laboratory was closed. （ B） The generator was turned off. （ C） The pow
13、er generator might explode. （ D） Electricity was going to run out. 17 How many generators does the shuttle carry? （ A） One. （ B） Two. （ C） Three. （ D） Four. 18 What does the cancellation of the 16-day flight mean? （ A） The scientists on the ground are pursuing only their most important experiments.
14、（ B） The shuttle team will be disappointed at the curtailment of the science mission. （ C） The science will complete the experiments on a later shuttle flight. （ D） The remaining generators are sufficient. 19 Why do other European countries criticize Ireland? （ A） They worry that the Irish Republics
15、 budget plan will undermine the stability of European Unions. （ B） EU countries fear that Irish Republics finance plan will cause inflation. （ C） Other countries will have to cut taxes. （ D） Other EU countries must increase government spending, too. 20 What is TRUE about the Irish Republics economy?
16、 （ A） It was the most successful among the EU countries. （ B） It has increased 8% in the last five years. （ C） The unemployment rate has reached its lowest level for 5 years. （ D） The commodity prices have decreased greatly in the country. 20 Is language, like food, a basic human need without which
17、a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick I in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before
18、tile first year. But clearly there; was mote than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some
19、 children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to tile sisals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they night never be l
20、earned se easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who
21、eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles anti makes vow- el-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to five words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sen
22、tences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about mans brain, com- pared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the
23、 sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy bear“. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, a
24、nd this depends on interaction between the mother and fine child, where the mother recognises the signals in the childs babbling(咿哑学语 ), grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and scuds out onl
25、y the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language. 21 The purpose of Frederick Is experiment was _. （ A） to prove that children are born with the ability to speak （ B） to discover what language a child would speak without heari
26、ng any human speech （ C） to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak （ D） to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language 22 The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that _. （ A） they are incapable of learning language ra
27、pidly （ B） they are exposed to too much language of once （ C） their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak （ D） their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them 23 What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that _. （ A） he is born with the capacity to speak （ B） he has a
28、 brain more complex than an animals （ C） he can produce his own sentences （ D） he owes his speech ability to good nursing 24 Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage? （ A） The faculty of speech is inborn in man. （ B） Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language l
29、earning. （ C） The childs brain is highly selective. （ D） Most children learn their language in definite stages. 24 A team of international researchers has found new evidence that an endangered subspecies of chimpanzee is the source of the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) i
30、n humans. Experts said the finding could lead to new treatments for AIDS and contribute to the development of a vaccine against the disease. The research team said the chimp a subspecies known as Pan troglodytes native to west central Africa carries a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) that is clos
31、ely related to three strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HI), the virus that causes AIDS. One of these strains, HIV-1, has caused the vast majority of the estimated 30 million HIV infections around the world. The researchers are uncertain when the chimp virus, called SIVcpz (for simian immunode
32、ficiency virus chimpanzee), first infected humans, although the oldest documented case of HIV has been linked to a Bantu man who died in Central Africa in 1959. But they said the virus, which does not appear to harm the chimps, was most likely transmitted to humans when hunters were exposed to chimp
33、 blood while killing and butchering the animals for food. Once transmitted to humans, the researchers believe the virus mutated into HIV-1. Team leader Beatrice Hahn, an AIDS researcher at the University of Alabama in Birmingham, said the chimps have probably carried the virus for hundreds of thousa
34、nds of years. Since humans have likely hunted the animals since prehistoric times, Hahn said the virus may have jumped to humans on many occasions, but was not transmitted widely among humans until the 20th century. Increased hunting of the chimpanzees, along with human migration to African cities a
35、nd changing sexual mores, could help explain the recent epidemic, Hahn said. Scientists had long suspected that a nonhuman primate was the source of HIV-1. Earlier studies suggested that the sooty mangabey monkey, a native of West Africa, was the likely source of HIV-2 - a rarer form of the AIDS vir
36、us that is transmitted less easily than HIV-1. However, only a few samples of SIV strains exist, making it difficult for researchers to confidently connect the strains to HIV-1. As part of their effort to discover the source of HIV-1, the research team studied the four known samples of SIVcpz. They
37、learned that three of the four samples came from chimps belonging to the subspecies P. t. troglodytes. The remaining sample came from another subspecies, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, which inhabits East Africa. The team then compared the SIVcpz strains to each other and found that all three of th
38、e viruses from P. t. troglodytes were closely related, while the virus from P. t. schweinfurthii was genetically different. Next they compared the SIVcpz strains to the main subgroups of HIV-1, known as M, N, and O. Their comparisons showed that the P. t. troglodytes viruses strongly resembled all t
39、hree HIV-1 subgroups. Additional evidence that HIV-1 could be linked to P. t. troglodytes came when the researchers examined the chimps natural habitat. The researchers quickly discovered that the chimps live primarily in the West African nations of Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Equator
40、ial Guinea, and Republic of the Congo, the geographic region where HIV-1 was first identified. Upon closer study, the researchers learned that the chimps were being killed in growing numbers for the so-called bushmeant trade, a trend assisted by the construction of new logging roads in once remote f
41、orests. The researchers said that continued hunting of the animals meant that many people are still likely to be exposed to SIVcpz, increasing the risk of additional cross-species transmissions. Many AIDS researchers welcomed the teams finding, but said the new work had not proved the connection def
42、initively. Most of the doubts centered on the difficulty of drawing conclusions from such a small number of SIVcpz samples. Be- cause so few samples exist - all drawn from chimps in captivity - researchers do not know how prevalent the virus is among wild chimps, or how the virus is transmitted. Dou
43、bts are likely to persist until the course of the virus is studied in chimps in the wild. Some health experts said the finding could have far-reaching implications for combating AIDS. Because SIVcpz does not cause the chimps to become ill, researchers believe that the animals disease-fighting immune
44、 systems may have developed a defense against the virus. Since chimps are 98 percent genetically similar to humans, learning more about the chimps immune systems could shed light on new ways to prevent and treat AIDS in humans. Discovering how the chimps immune system controls the virus, for example
45、, could help researchers develop a vaccine that generates a similar immune- system response in humans. Other experts noted that even if the finding does not help in the fight against AIDS, it provides strong evidence that dangerous viruses can be transmitted to humans from wild animals. In some case
46、s, the viruses may be harmless to the host animals, but cause sickness and death when transmitted to humans. As people increasingly venture into remote animal habitats, some scientists believe there is a growing risk of new human exposures to previously unknown disease-causing microbes. In the meant
47、ime, widespread slaughter of the chimps could make further study of P. t. troglodytes difficult. The wild chimp population, which exceeded 1 million animals in the early 20th century, is now believed to number fewer than 100, 000. “We cannot afford to lose these animals, either from the animals cons
48、ervation point of view or a medical investigation standpoint,“ said Hahn. “It is quite possible that the chimpanzee, which has served as the source of HIV-1, also holds the clues to its successful control.“ 25 Many AIDS experts are not completely satisfied with results of the study because _. （ A） o
49、nly a limited number of chimpanzees are used for sampling the virus （ B） it is now extremely difficult to find chimpanzees that carry the virus （ C） the samples collected are from two different subspecies of chimpanzees （ D） it does not provide reliable evidence of the link between SIV and HIV-I 26 Since chimpanzees are genetically very similar to humans, _. （ A） chimpanzees are likely to suffer AIDS just like humans if they are infected （
