1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 780及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 End the University as We Know It 1. Problems confronting American universities A. impractical graduate 【
3、B1】 【 B1】 _ B. isolated departments/ overspecialized sciences C. encouraged phenomenon of 【 B2】 【 B2】 _ II. Root for the problems the 【 B3】 of universities 【 B3】 _ A. origin The Conflict of the Faculties (1798) by Kant B. model mass production/ a 【 B4】 【 B4】 _ C. concept learn all sciences by mass p
4、roduction, so each branch has its trustee III. Steps to improve American higher education are A. restructuring curriculum 1. method to replace separate 【 B5】 with complex adaptive web- 【 B5】 _ like curriculum 2. purpose to make teaching and scholarship cross-disciplinary to engage more sciences in c
5、omparative analysis of common problems B. 【 B6】 programs 【 B6】 _ 1. reason programs evolve with society, some may be out of date. 2. purpose to avoid sunset clauses to address practical problems to develop new theoretical insights and practical solutions C. increasing 【 B7】 among institutions 【 B7】
6、_ 1. purpose to reduce workload of institutions to share students and faculty 2. means teleconference, Internet, etc. D. transforming the traditional 【 B8】 【 B8】 _ 1. reason less market for traditional ones 2. advice using novel formats like films or video games E. expanding professional options for
7、 graduate students purpose: to prepare students for future work to improve students 【 B9】 to the changing world 【 B9】 _ F. imposing mandatory retirement and abolishing tenure purpose: to encourage faculties to continue to evolve to 【 B10】 young people 【 B10】 _ 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】
8、 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer ea
9、ch of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 The woman thinks the important thing for insomnious people is that （ A） they are under too heavy pressure. （ B） they have not enough time for sleep. （ C） they dont realize the importance of sleep. （ D） they have some health problem.
10、 12 The womans advice for insomnious people include all of the following EXCEPT （ A） lying in bed until you fall asleep. （ B） making bedroom comfortable. （ C） not having caffeine after lunch. （ D） not taking a long nap during the day. 13 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） Learning
11、to sleep is a long process. （ B） Learning to sleep is like a boot camp. （ C） It is difficult for people to make sleep a priority. （ D） Sleep hygiene aims to improve peoples habits. 14 Which of the following practice is NOT helpful to ones sleep? （ A） Making the lightings comfortable to you. （ B） Kee
12、ping the computer in the bedroom. （ C） Making sure you are not paying bills in bed. （ D） Having caffeine before lunch. 15 According to the woman, a nap during the day should be kept within （ A） 20 minutes. （ B） 30 minutes. （ C） 45 minutes. （ D） one hour. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this
13、section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What is the main idea of the news item? （ A） Iran is cutting its national food and fuel subsidies. （ B） Iran
14、is going to cancel its food and fuel subsidies. （ C） There will be unrest in Iran possibly. （ D） In Iran, ordinary people are paying more for food and energy. 17 According to the news, which of the following didnt happen on Tuesday? （ A） A third student died. （ B） The suspect was apprehended. （ C） T
15、he suspect appeared in court. （ D） Schools were closed. 18 Which of the following is INCORRECT about the Ohio School Shooting? （ A） Five students were shot by the attacker. （ B） The attacker fired inside the school cafeteria. （ C） The suspect attacked the students out of jealousy. （ D） The suspect w
16、as from a nearby school for at-risk youth. 19 The trustee signed the settlement in order to （ A） invest in Bernard Madoff. （ B） recover money lost in Bernard Madoff. （ C） benefit from the Ponzi scheme. （ D） withdraw money invested in Bernard Madoff. 20 Who might benefit most from the fraud? （ A） The
17、 trustee. （ B） The man signed the settlement with the trustee. （ C） Jeffry Picower. （ D） Jeffry Picowers widow. 20 Parents and grandparents with money to spare are no longer waiting until death to pass on their wealth. Instead, theyre increasingly handing it over to their adult kids while theyre sti
18、ll around to see how its spent and, in some cases, lend a hand. Some 8.1 percent of American families have net worth in excess of $1 million, according to the Federal Reserve, and almost 2 percent have assets of over $2 million, the amount that is currently excluded from federal estate tax. (In 2009
19、, the excluded amount rises to $3.5 million. There will be no federal estate tax in 2010, after which the excluded amount will return to $1 million, unless Congress acts.) Financial advisers say that in addition to the tax benefits that come from gradually transferring that wealth by reducing the es
20、tate to stay under the tax-exempt amount at death, well-to-do individuals and even those with estates far under the million-dollar mark are eager to share the money while they are still alive to see its effects. “It allows senior generations to see how kids and grandkids are using those funds and to
21、 get enjoyment out of knowing how the money is spent,“ says Mary Ann Sisco, national wealth adviser for JP Morgans Private Client Services. Lisa Tichenor of Dallas advises a foundation created by her son Taylor in honor of her late son, Willie, who died of bone cancer when he was 19. The money, whic
22、h originally came from a family business, was given to her sons when they were young. Sharing that money now, instead of waiting to pass it on at death, allows her to spend time with Taylor and work on charitable projects with him, she says. “There is a lot of joy in working together for someone els
23、es good when you have everything you need,“ she says. Sally Hurme, an attorney with AARPs consumer protection unit, helped make her recently married daughters down payment on a house. But she warns that parents first need to make sure they have enough money to fund their own expenses. “People today
24、are living much longer than they used to live, and they may have very high health costs,“ she says. Giving money away early can serve to teach adult children how to handle wealth, says Jeremy White, a certified public accountant and coauthor of Splitting Heirs: Giving Money and Things to Your Childr
25、en Without Ruining Their Lives. “You may be able to give an inheritance sampler,“ he says, “and see how the adult child handles that. Youre around while youre living to give them guidance if asked.“ Seniors interested in funding education for young grandchildren can put money into a 529 college savi
26、ngs plan, which is shielded from taxes on earnings. While the money still counts as a gift for tax purposes, says Rande Spiegelman, vice president of financial planning for the Schwab Center for Financial Research, it has the benefit of letting donors control how its used or even change the benefici
27、ary. Parents and grandparents interested in retaining control over how their money is spent can also add conditions to trust agreements. “You never know what life will hold for those beneficiaries, but a lot of clients like to try to impart some of their wishes,“ says Marianne Kayan, am estate-plann
28、ing attorney in Bethesda, Md. She says they try to promote “good behavior“ by specifying that the trust distributions should go toward education or that they wont go to adults who are not working, although the wording often leaves some leeway to allow for full-time parents, for example. A recent Ban
29、k of America survey of wealthy individuals found that just over 70 percent discuss philanthropy with their children and about 20 percent give their children money to donate. “ Clients find that philanthropy is the glue that holds the family together. Its a way to share family stories and values,“ sa
30、ys Eileen Wilhem, managing director of Bank of Americas philanthropic management. From the charity recipients to the adult children who help make the gifts and the parents who are still around to see how their money is disbursed, its an arrangement with multiple beneficiaries. 21 We can learn from t
31、he first paragraph that parents and grandparents （ A） used to give away their assets at death. （ B） no longer pass on their wealth to their offspring. （ C） dont care how their money is spent at all. （ D） would not give their offspring financial help. 22 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that （ A）
32、two percent of the families in the U.S. must pay estate tax. （ B） there is no need for one to pay asset tax if he owns more than $3.5 million in 2009. （ C） one has to pay asset tax no matter how much money he owns in 2010. （ D） one probably has to pay asset tax if he owns more than $ 1 million in 20
33、11. 23 The examples of Lisa Tichenor and Sally Hurme seem to tell us that （ A） people should accumulate wealth while young and distribute them when they are old. （ B） parents and grandparents should help their children or grandchildren as much as possible. （ C） people should pass on their wealth to
34、their children early but keep a necessary amount. （ D） old people should keep their money to themselves because the medical expenses are high 24 What can we learn from the last but one paragraph? （ A） The reason why seniors put money into schools is to evade taxes on earnings. （ B） Giving away ones
35、money can ensure his descendants a better education. （ C） Donors have no right to change the beneficiary once designated in the college savings plan. （ D） Seniors can add some of their wishes to trust agreements to ensure their money is well spent. 25 Which of the following is NOT true about philant
36、hropy according to the last paragraph? （ A） It is embraced by the majority of wealthy parents and grandparents. （ B） It means donating money to charities. （ C） It is “glue“ when family members come together around shared values. （ D） It is beneficial to both givers and receivers. 25 Are your Faceboo
37、k friends more interesting than those you have in real life? Has high-speed Internet made you impatient with slow-speed children? Do you sometimes think about reaching for the fast-forward button, only to realize that life does not come with a remote control? If you answered yes to any of those ques
38、tions, exposure to technology may be slowly reshaping your personality. Some experts believe excessive use of the Internet, cellphones and other technologies can cause us to become more impatient, impulsive, forgetful and even more narcissistic. “More and more, life is resembling the chat room,“ say
39、s Dr. Elias Aboujaoude, director of the Impulse Control Disorders Clinic at Stanford. “Were paying a price in terms of our cognitive life because of this virtual lifestyle.“ We do spend a lot of time with our devices, and some studies have suggested that excessive dependence on cellphones and the In
40、ternet is akin to an addiction. Web sites like NetA offer self-assessment tests to determine if technology has become a drug. Among the questions used to identify those at risk: Do you neglect housework to spend more time online? Are you frequently checking your e-mail? Do you often lose sleep becau
41、se you log in late at night? If you answered “often“ or “always,“ technology may be taking a toll on you. In a study to be published in the journal Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, researchers from the University of Melbourne in Australia subjected 173 college students to tests measu
42、ring risk for problematic Internet and gambling behaviors. About 5 percent of the students showed signs of gambling problems, but 10 percent of the students posted scores high enough to put them in the at-risk category for Internet “addiction.“ Technology use was clearly interfering with the student
43、s daily lives, but it may be going too far to call it an addiction, says Nicki Dowling, a clinical psychologist who led the study. Ms. Dowling prefers to call it “Internet dependence.“ Typically, the concern about our dependence on technology is that it detracts from our time with family and friends
44、 in the real world. But psychologists have become intrigued by a more subtle and insidious effect of our online interactions. It may be that the immediacy of the Internet, the efficiency of the iPhone and the anonymity of the chat room change the core of who we are, issues that Dr. Aboujaoude explor
45、es in a book, “Virtually You: The Internet and the Fracturing of the Self,“ to be leleased next year. Dr. Aboujaoude also asks whether the vast storage available in e-mail and on the Internet is preventing many of us from letting go, causing us to retain many old and unnecessary memories at the expe
46、nse of making new ones. Everything is saved these days, he notes, from the meaningless e-mail sent after a work lunch to the angry online exchange with a spouse. “If you cant forget because all this stuff is staring at you, what does that do to your ability to lay down new memories and remember thin
47、gs that you should be remembering?“ Dr. Aboujaoude said. “When you have 500 pictures from your vacation in your Flickr account, as opposed to five pictures that are really meaningful, does that change your ability to recall the moments that you really want to recall?“ There is also no easy way to co
48、nquer a dependence on technology. Nicholas Carr, author of the new book The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, says that social and family responsibilities, work and other pressures influence our use of technology. “The deeper a technology is woven into the patterns of everyday life
49、, the less choice we have about whether and how we use that technology,“ Mr. Carr wrote in a recent blog post on the topic. Some experts suggest simply trying to curtail the amount of time you spend online. Set limits for how often you check e-mail or force yourself to leave your cellphone at home occasionally. The problem is similar to an eating disorder, says Dr. Kimberly Young, a professor at St. Bonaventure University in New York who has led
