1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 88及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Land Use A problem related to the competition for land use is whether crops should be used to produce food
3、 or fuel. 【 1】 _ will be examined in this respect. 【 1】 _ Firstly, the problem should be viewed in its【 2】 _ 【 2】 _ perspective. When oil prices rose sharply in the 1970s, countries had to look for alternatives to solve the resulting crisis. In developing countries, one of the possible answers to it
4、 is to produce alcohol from【 3】 _ 【 3】 _ This has led to a lot of research in this area, particularly in the use of【 4】 _ . The use of this material resulted 【 4】 _ from two economic reasons: a【 5】 _ in its price and 【 5】 _ low【 6】 _ costs. 【 6】 _ There are other starchy plants that can be used to p
5、roduce alcohol, like the【 7】 _ or the cassava plant 【 7】 _ in tropical regions, and【 8】 _ and sugar beet in 【 8】 _ non-tropical regions. The problem with these plants is that they are also the peoples staple food in many poor countries. Therefore, farmers there are faced with a choice: crops for foo
6、d or for fuel. And farmers naturally go for what is more【 9】 _ . As a result, the problems 【 9】 _ involved are economic in nature, rather than technological. This is my second area under consideration. Finally, there have already been practical applications of using alcohol for fuel. Basically, they
7、 come in two forms of use: pure alcohol as is the case in【 10】 _ , and a combination 【 10】 _ of alcohol and gasoline known as gasohol in Germany. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY
8、. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What subject is Mr Pitt good at? （ A） Art. （ B） French. （
9、 C） German. （ D） Chemistry. 12 What does Mr Pitt NOT do in his spare time? （ A） Doing a bit of acting and photography. （ B） Going to concerts frequently. （ C） Playing traditional jazz and folk music. （ D） Travelling in Europe by hitchhiking. 13 When asked what a managers role is, Mr Pitt sounds （ A）
10、 confident. （ B） hesitant. （ C） resolute. （ D） doubtful. 14 What does Mr Pitt say he would like to be? （ A） An export salesman working overseas. （ B） An accountant working in the company. （ C） A production manager in a branch. （ D） A policy maker in the company. 15 Which of the following statements
11、about the management trainee scheme is TRUE? （ A） Trainees are required to sign contracts initially. （ B） Trainees performance is evaluated when necessary. （ C） Trainees starting salary is 870 pounds. （ D） Trainees cannot quit the management scheme. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this secti
12、on you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 According to the news, the enormous food shortage in Iraq has the most damaging effect on its （ A） national econom
13、y. （ B） adult population. （ C） young children. （ D） national currency. 17 The WFP is appealing to donor nations to （ A） double last years food-aid. （ B） raise $122 million for Iraqi people. （ C） provide each Iraqi family with $26 a month. （ D） help Iraqs 12 million population. 18 As a result of the
14、agreement, the two countries arsenals are to be （ A） upgraded in reliability and safety. （ B） reduced in size and number. （ C） dismantled partly later this year. （ D） maintained in their present conditions. 19 We can infer from the news that _ of teenagers under survey in 1993 were drug users. （ A）
15、28% （ B） 22% （ C） 25% （ D） 21% 20 The following statements are correct EXCEPT （ A） Parents are asked to join in the anti-drug efforts. （ B） The use of both cocaine and LSD is on the increase. （ C） Teenagers hold a different view of drugs today. （ D） Marijuana is as powerful as it used to be. 20 Huma
16、n migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the permanent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migration means all the waysfrom the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another. Mig
17、ration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizens between India and Pakistan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947. Migration is th
18、e dynamic undertow of population change: everyones solution, everyones conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable economic and political turmoil, has been called “one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.“ But it is much more than that. It is, as it has always been, t
19、he great adventure of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet, shaped our societies, and promises to reshape them again. “You have a history book written in your genes,“ said Spencer Wells. The book hes trying to read goes back to long before even the first word wa
20、s written, and it is a story of migration. Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote parts of Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three colleagues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In the blood, donated by the people he met, he will
21、search for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long paths human life has taken across the Earth. Genetic studies are the latest technique in a long effort of modern humans to find out where they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basic story is simple: people have been
22、moving since they were people. If early humans hadnt moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably would have continued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most researchers agree, groups of hunter- gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the Earth. To demogra
23、pher Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, human beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions without having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second, as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed
24、 between groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the planet; the other gave us reasons to use them. Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved toward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that then became cities
25、. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians. In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound tides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. For a while the population of Athens, that city o
26、f legendary enlightenment, was as much as 35 percent slaves. “What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in the great world events,“ Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a professor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently. It is dif
27、ficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration. Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and made new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousands or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like ma
28、gnets; environmental disasters like famine Or disease pushed their bedraggled survivors anywhere they could replant hope. “Its part of our nature, this movement,“ Miller said. “Its just a fact of the human condition.“ 21 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） Migration exerts a great i
29、mpact on population change. （ B） Migration contributes to mankinds progress. （ C） Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects. （ D） Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts. 22 According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the following reasons EXCEPT （ A） huma
30、n adaptability. （ B） human evolution. （ C） cultural differences. （ D） inter-group inequalities. 23 Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the passage? （ A） Farmers. （ B） Workers. （ C） Settlers. （ D） Colonizers. 24 There seems to be a(n) _ relationship between great events and
31、migration. （ A） loose （ B） indefinite （ C） causal （ D） remote 25 The last but one paragraph aims to _. （ A） support the preceding argument. （ B） define what human migration is. （ C） refute the preceding argument. （ D） initiate a new argument. 25 Ricci, 45, is now striking out on perhaps his boldest
32、venture yet. He plans to market an English-language edition of his elegant monthly art magazine, FMR, in the United States. Once again the skeptics are murmuring that the successful Ricci has headed for a big fall. And once again Ricci intends to prove them wrong. Ricci is so confident that he has c
33、hristened his quest “Operation Columbus“ and has set his sights on discovering an American readership of 300,000. That goal may not be too far-fetched. The Italian edition of FMRthe initials, of course, stand for Franco Maria Ricciis only 18 months old. But it is already the second largest art magaz
34、ine in the world, with a circulation of 65,000 and a profit margin of US$500,000. The American edition will be patterned after the Italian version, with each 160-page issue carrying only 40 pages of ads and no more than five articles. But the contents will often differ. The English-language edition
35、will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over “an inferiority complex about their art.“ He also hopes that the magazine will become a vehicle for a two-way cultural exchangewhat he likes to think of as a marriage of brains, culture and taste from both sides of the Atlantic
36、. To realize this Vision, Ricci is mounting one of the most lavish, enterprisingand expensivepromotional campaigns in magazine-publishing history. Between November and January, eight jumbo jets will fly 8 million copies of a sample 16-page edition of FMR across the Atlantic. From a warehouse in Mich
37、igan, 6.5 million copies will be mailed to American subscribers of various cultural, art and business magazines. Some of the remaining copies will circulate as a special Sunday supplement in the New York Times. The cost of launching Operation Columbus is a staggering US$5 million, but Ricci is hopin
38、g that 60% of the price tag will be financed by Italian corporations. “To land in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsors,“ reads one sentence in his promotional pamphlet. “We would like Italians.“ Like Columbus, Ricci cannot know what his reception will be on foreign-shores. In Italy he gamble
39、dand wonon a simple concept: it is more important to show art than to write about it. Hence, one issue of FMR might feature 32 full-colour pages of 17th-century tapestries, followed by 14 pages of outrageous eyeglasses. He is gambling that the concept is exportable. “I dont expect that more than 30%
40、 of my readers, will actually read FMR,“ he says. “The magazine is such a visual delight that they dont have to.“ Still, he is lining up an impressive stable of writers and professors for the American edition, including Noam Chomsky, Anthony Burgess, Eric Jong and Norman Mailer. In addition, he seem
41、s to be pursuing his own eclectic vision without giving a moments thought to such established competitors as Connoisseur and Horizon. “The Americans can do almost everything better than we can,“ says Ricci, “but we (the Italians) have a 2,000 year edge on them in art.“ 26 Ricci wants his American ed
42、ition of FMR to carry more American art works in order to _. （ A） boost Americans confidence in their art. （ B） follow the pattern set by his Italian edition. （ C） help Italians understand American art better. （ D） expand the readership of his magazine. 27 Ricci is compared to Columbus in the passag
43、e mainly because （ A） they both benefited from Italian sponsors. （ B） they were explorers in their own ways. （ C） they obtained overseas sponsorship. （ D） they got a warm reception in America. 28 We get the impression that the American edition of FMR will probably （ A） carry many academic articles o
44、f high standard. （ B） follow the style of some famous existing magazines. （ C） be read by one third of American magazine readers. （ D） pursue a distinctive editorial style of its own. 28 My mothers relations were very different from the Mitfords. Her brother, Uncle Geoff, who often came to stay at S
45、winbrook, was a small, spare man with thoughtful blue eyes and a rather silent manner. Compared to Uncle Tommy, he was an intellectual of the highest order, and indeed his satirical pen belied his mild demeanor. He spent most of his waking hours composing letters to The Times and other publications
46、in which he outlined his own particular theory of the development of English history. In Uncle Geoffs view, the greatness of England had risen and waned over the centuries in direct proportion to the use of natural manure in fertilizing the soil. The Black Death of 1348 was caused by gradual loss of
47、 the humus fertility found under forest trees. The rise of the Elizabethans two centuries later was attributable to the widespread use of sheep manure. Many of Uncle Geoffs letters-to-the-editor have fortunately been preserved in a privately printed volume called Writings of a Rebel. Of the collecti
48、on, one letter best sums up his views on the relationship between manure and freedom. He wrote: Collating old records shows that our greatness rises and falls with the living fertility of our soil. And now, many years of exhausted and chemically murdered soil, and of devitalized food from it, has so
49、ftened our bodies and still worse, softened our national character. It is an actual fact that character is largely a product of the soil. Many years of murdered food from deadened soil has made us too tame. Chemicals have had their poisonous day. It is now the worms turn to reform the manhood of England. The only way to regain our punch,
