1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 98及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Communicating Through Internet The history of the Internet can be dated back to the 1960s, when the Depart
3、ment of【 1】 _ of America sought 【 1】 _ to【 2】 _ together some research institutions and those across 【 2】 _ the country for the purpose of data sharing. In the 1970s it was used【 3】 _ by colleges and universities and some 【 3】 _ other research institutions. It developed rapidly in the 1980s as more
4、and more universities joined the net. In the early 90s, HTML and Mosaic were develped with which one could see【 4】 _ real time off the Internet, rather than downloading 【 4】 _ them. Email is an important【 5】 _ of the Internet, but now 【 5】 _ the World Wide Web is increasingly the largest part of our
5、 Internet【 6】 _. 【 6】 _ With the web e-commerceelectronic commerce came into being. Compared to newspapers, radio and television, the Internet made【 7】 _ far less expensive. Whats more, 【 7】 _ it provided far more detailed data collection and allowed for built-in electronic【 8】 _. All this made comm
6、erce the 【 8】 _ driving force for the Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet changes all the time and yet provides no complete【 9】 _. Finding information has been made easier 【 9】 _ by such attempts as gopher, hotlists, Yahoo and many others. Generally we use commonly searched terms. Most of the
7、search【 10】 _ use double quotation marks to designate 【 10】 _ a phrase to narrow down the search. Now meta-search engines have been developed. They speed up searches quite a bit and provide more complete searches. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTE
8、RVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the int
9、erview. 11 At the beginning Lauren mentions the following negative effects of gambling EXCEPT _. （ A） financial problems （ B） family problems （ C） work problems （ D） mental problems 12 Lauren suggests that a person beginning to be bothered by gambling _. （ A） talk to some friends （ B） quit gambling
10、immediately （ C） appeal to professional service （ D） concentrate on work 13 Pokie machines are addictive for the following reasons EXCEPT that _. （ A） they seem to be fun to beginners （ B） they allow big wins （ C） they are easy to play （ D） big wins seem possible given enough time and money 14 Many
11、people set themselves a limit of money each time they gamble because _. （ A） they cannot afford more （ B） they do not want to lose more （ C） they do not think more will do （ D） they want to save more money for gambling later on 15 It can be inferred from the interview that _. （ A） Lauren enjoys doin
12、g his job as a counselor （ B） Lauren is deeply worried about the situation of gambling （ C） gambling as a social problem is decreasing （ D） women are not so much addicted to gambling as men are SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully
13、and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The supermarket that caught fire was located in the _ of Asuncion, capital of Paraguay. （ A） suburb （ B） downtown （ C） center （ D） north end 17 About _ people died in a m
14、ilitary insurrection in 194 （ A） 800 （ B） 1,800 （ C） 8,000 （ D） 1,000 18 The fire was supposed to be caused by an explosion in _. （ A） the stores toy department （ B） food court area （ C） the parking garage （ D） electronic appliances area 19 Sam Edwards died from _. （ A） a stroke （ B） cancer （ C） hig
15、h blood pressure （ D） a heart disease 20 Sam Edwards made his first stage appearance in _. （ A） Tess of the Storm Country （ B） The Adventures of Sonny and Buddy （ C） The Edwards Family （ D） Winnie the Pooh 20 1 A panel of the great and the good from Europe and the United States recently drew up an e
16、legant blueprint for remaking the Atlantic community. They settled the hash of disunity over Iraq, looming trade disputes and American ambivalence over the European Unions determination to have its own defense and foreign policies. 2 You can and should read about it in the Council on Foreign Relatio
17、ns paper “Renewing the Atlantic Partnership“. But whats missing is a paragraph about the demographic changes in Europe and America, even though these changes are widening the economic and political divides in the worlds most important partnership. 3 You wont read about the growing weight of Muslim m
18、inorities in Europe and of Hispanic and Asian populations in the United States, which will inevitably show up in domestic and foreign policies on both sides of the Atlantic. Perhaps even more consequential is the astonishingly rapid aging and shrinking of the populations in many of Europes main coun
19、tries, while in the United States continued population growth feeds economic growth. 4 The subject was just too thorny to be tackled in a brief summary, according to several of the panels 26 membersin contrast to war, protectionism or the greater Middle East. So a proposed paragraph on changes in th
20、e ethnic and social composition of populations on both sides of the Atlantic was left on the cutting-room floor. 5 There are good reasons for caution in talking about policy related demographic changes. But the silence the experts stumbled into is instructive. Like individuals, nations try to avoid
21、thinking about aging, its costs and consequences. We whistle past the rest home as well as the graveyard. 6 But it is vital to recognize that much of Europe is turning into a continent of geezers, however much it hates. And countries such as France and Germany hate even more making the changes geeze
22、rhood requiresthe most important being whether the welfare state will cut its generous benefits, raise its exorbitant taxes to meet tomorrows rising health costs or make people work longer before retiring. 7 Europe is also loath to examine its restrictive immigration policies, which help curb popula
23、tion growth and economic renewal. (As always, Britain is an exception.) Not even the enlargement of the European Union to 25 members will bring much immediate relief, since Germany has led the way in keeping up wails against population flows from the east and south. 8 I can sympathize with the histo
24、rians, ex-diplomats, economists and other experts on the New York-based councils panel. They wrestled with and walked away from slippery census numbers on the race and religion of population groups. We actually dont know if the number of Muslims in the United States is closer to 2 million than to 7
25、million, or whether in France 5 million Muslims is a more accurate count than 10 million. Those commonly cited ranges cover a multitude of unknowns. 9 But good numbers on some little-remarked societal forces do exist. Across Western Europe, the median age of the workforce and the population at large
26、 is steadily rising, as life expectancy increases and fertility rates drop below the 2. 1 children per couple needed to ensure population growth. The birthrate is now 1.4 in Germany, and even lower in Italy and Spain. Consider this: Half of all union members in Italy are retired and drawing pensions
27、. 10 The median age of voters in Europe today is 46 to 47, and will be 50 by 2013, according to reports presented last month to the Council for the United States and Italy. “There is no time to waste for politicians who must cut pensions and other benefits before their governments go broke. It only
28、gets harder from here,“ said one economist. 11 Karl Lauterbach, a German expert in demographics, asked the group: “Who will want to invest in an aging and shrinking population? Germany risks losing one-third of its natural economic growth because of these trends. From 1970 to today, 10 million Germa
29、n children we would have expected in other times were not born“ and will not be available to work in 20 years. 12 The United States faces problems in its Social Security system, but they are relatively small compared with the society-bending changes in store for Europe (and for Japan). Demographics
30、and the aging of nations in particular deserve to be on any transatlantic agenda today. 21 What does “it“ in the first sentence of Para. 2 refer to? （ A） A panel. （ B） Europe. （ C） A blueprint. （ D） The Atlantic community. 22 Why does the author think it necessary to heed the demographic changes in
31、Europe and America? （ A） Because these changes are threatening the partnership between Europe and America. （ B） Because these changes lead Europe to adopt its own economic and political policies. （ C） Because these changes are more important than war and protectionism issues. （ D） Because theses cha
32、nges are domestic. 23 By “we whistle past the rest home as well as the graveyard“, it is meant that _. （ A） Europe is turning into a continent of the elders （ B） demographic changes are frustrating （ C） people tend to avoid unpleasant places （ D） people are reluctant to tackle the problem of aging 2
33、4 Which of the following is NOT true of the panel of the Council on Foreign Relations? （ A） There are 26 members on the panel. （ B） Its base is in New York. （ C） Its members are from Europe and the United States. （ D） It is governmental. 24 1 “International communication“ is communication between me
34、mbers of different cultures. This definition is simple. But the process is complex. Intercultural communication involves differing perception, attitudes, and interpretations. We know that even two people from the same culture can have communication problems. People can unintentionally hurt each othe
35、r by something they say or do. Isnt it logical, then, that communication problems can be compounded among people who do not have the benefit of shared experiences (i. e. language and culture)? 2 Cultures do not communicate; individuals do. Everyone has a unique style of communication, but cultures d
36、etermine a general style for their members. The relationship of the individual to his culture is analogous to an actor and his director. The actor puts his own personality into his acting but is nevertheless influenced by the director. We are not always aware of the subtle influences of our cultures
37、. 3 Problems and misinterpretations do not result every time members from two cultures communicate. However, when cultural conflicts do arise, they may be perceived as personal rather than cultural. Some misunderstandings are insignificant and can be easily ignored or remedied. Other conflicts are m
38、ore serious in that they can cause misunderstandings and create persistent negative attitudes toward foreigners. 4 Difficulties in intercultural communication arise when there is little or no awareness of divergent cultural values and beliefs. In cross-cultural interaction, speakers sometimes assume
39、 what they believe is right, because they have grown up thinking their way is the best. This ethnocentric assumption can result in negative judgments about other cultures. Another manifestation of ethnocentric attitudes is that people become critical of individuals from different cultures. 5 Sometim
40、es negative reactions do not result from actual interaction but rather from the fixed, preconceived beliefs we have about other people. These over-generalized beliefs or “stereotypes“ frequently shape peoples perceptions of each other. 6 Stereotypes originate and develop from numerous sources such a
41、s jokes, textbooks, movies, and television. Movies about cowboys and Indians portray cowboys as “civilized“ and Indians as wild and “primitive.“ A child who knows about the American Indians only through watching these movies will have a distorted and false image of this group of people. Stereotypes
42、perpetuate inaccuracies about religious, racial, and cultural groups. 7 Stereotyped beliefs prevent us from seeing people as individuals with unique characteristics. Negative stereotypes lead to prejudice, suspicion, intolerance, or hatred of other cultural groups. 8 Cultural conflicts occur as a re
43、sult of misinterpretations, ethnocentrism, stereotypes, and prejudice. Preventing these conflicts is possible with increased awareness of our own attitudes as well as sensitivity to cross-cultural differences. Developing intercultural sensitivity does not mean that we need to lose our cultural ident
44、itiesbut rather that we recognize cultural influence within ourselves and within others. 25 By comparing the culture to the director, the author purports to _. （ A） stress the significance of culture （ B） show the indispensable role of culture （ C） describe the dominant effect of culture （ D） illust
45、rate the subtle influence of culture 26 Owing to cultural ethnocentrism, people may _. （ A） think they are superior （ B） think they are right （ C） think they are critical （ D） think they are different 27 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? （ A） Stereotypes give rise to prejudice
46、 against other cultural groups. （ B） Misunderstanding occurs when members of different cultures communicate. （ C） Cultural influences on the style of communication are generally very subtle. （ D） Conflicts arising from cultural misunderstanding are serious. 28 What is the general tone of the author
47、in this passage? （ A） Objective. （ B） Critical. （ C） Pessimistic. （ D） Dialectal. 28 1 I will now teach, offering my way of life to whomsoever desires to commit suicide by the scheme which has enabled me to beat the doctor and the hangman for seventy years. Some of the details may sound untrue, but
48、they are not. I am not here to deceive; I am here to teach. 2 We have no permanent habits until we are forty. Then they begin to harden, presently they petrify, then business begins. Since forty I have been regular about going to bed and getting upand that is one of the main things. I have made it a rule to go to bed when I had to. This has resulted in an unswerving regularity of irregularity. It has saved me sound, but it would injure another person. 3 In the matter of dietwhich is another main thingI have been persistently strict in sticking to the things which didnt agree with me
