1、专业英语八级英译汉（论说文类）强化练习试卷 1及答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreaus idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening ones perception of
2、 what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts
3、. Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spok
4、e of “the pleasure of taking pains“. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless. We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of
5、it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No di
6、fficulty, no fun. 2 The word “winner“ and “loser“ have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a membe
7、r of a society. Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being lovin
8、g and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and dont pretend to have
9、 all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them. Winners do not play “ helpless“, nor do they play the blaming game-Instead , the
10、y assume responsibility for their own lives. 3 In his classic novel, The Pioneers, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a bustling metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered
11、. All she sees is a forest. “ Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?“ she asks. Hes astonished she cant see them. “Where! Why everywhere,“ he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they wer
12、e already constructed and finished. Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said,
13、 “Life for the American is always becoming, never being. “ 4 But, as has been true in many other cases, when they were at last married, the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical. Instead of having shared their original duties, and as school-boys would say, goi
14、ng halves, they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled. This led to some distressing moments for both our friends; they understood suddenly that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth, and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations. Instead of being freer an
15、d happier than ever before, they had assumed new responsibilities; they had established a new household, and must fulfill in some way or another the obligations of it. They looked back with affection to their engagement; they had been longing to have each other to themselves , apart from the world,
16、but it seemed they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society. 专业英语八级英译汉（论说文类）强化练习试卷 1答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 【正确答案】 全力以赴是其精髓所在。除非我们能面对那些需要我们全身心投入的艰难困苦，否则就没有幸福可言。正如爱尔兰诗人叶芝所言，除去那些不可能的情形以外，我们一生中所获取的满足取决于我们选择愿意面对
17、的困难的程度。当罗伯特 ?弗罗斯特提到 “以苦为乐 ”时，他也表达了相 似的观点。广告中所宣扬的那种幸福观，其致命的缺陷就在于它宣称一切幸福皆唾手可得，不费吹灰之力。 即使在游戏中，我们也需要有困难。我们之所以需要它，是因为如果没有困难便毫无游戏可言。游戏是这么一种方式，即一种为了享受其中的乐趣而使事情变得不那么轻而易举的方式。游戏的种种规则就是将困难武断地强加于人。当有人破坏了这种乐趣时，通常都是由于他不按游戏规则来行事。这犹如下棋，如果你不受规则约束，随心所欲地改变那些全然武断的游戏规则，那么你会更容易赢棋。然而，下棋的乐趣在于按照规则取得胜利。没有困难，就没有乐趣 。 【试题解析】 1第
18、二段第一句 “Effort is the gist of it ”中代词 it指代上文中 the active discipline，翻译时要仔细理解上下文内容，否则表达会有偏差。 2第二段第二句 “There istake onlife -engaging difficulties ”中 take on的意思是 “呈现，具有，承担 ”， lifeengaging可译为 “全身心投入的 ”。 3第二段第三句 “Short of the impossible， choose out diffi culties ”中， short of在文中译为 “除了 以外 ”。 4第二段第四句中的 the p
19、leasure of taking pains可译为 “以苦为乐 ”。 5第二段第五句 “The mortal flawpurports to be effortless ”中的 mortal flaw指 “致命的缺陷 ”，动词 purport译为 “声称，宣扬 ”。 6第三段第四句 “The rulesarbitrary imposition of difficulty ”中 an arbitrary imposition是指 “(困难的 )武断施加 ”。 7第三段第五句中 ruin the fun即 “扫兴 ”的意思。 8第三段第六句中 at your pleasure可译为 “随心所欲
20、”。 【知识模块】 英译汉（论说文） 2 【正确答案】 胜者不会把自己的生命致力于他们想象中的自己应该成为的样子；相反，他们会保持自我本色。因此，他们不会耗费精力来装腔作势，矫揉造作地生活，甚至操纵利用他人。他们深知真爱和虚情的不同，懂得愚顽不化和大智若愚的区别，清楚学识渊博和貌似才高的差异。胜者无需掩藏自我。 胜者无惧于运用 自己的知识进行独立思考。他们能够认清事实，分析舆论，明辨是非，但不会装作无所不晓。他们倾听他人的见解，衡量判断他人的言论，最终得出自己的意见。虽然胜者也会钦佩、敬重他人，但他们不会受制于他人，惧悚于他人，为他人所束缚，或被他人所击垮。 胜者绝不耍弄 “凄惨无助 ”之把戏
21、，也不玩弄委过于人之游戏。相反，他们会担负起自己人生的责任。 【试题解析】 1第二段第一句 “Winners do not dedicate their lives toand manipulating others ”超长，是理 解整篇文章的关键之处，也是原文中最难的地方。 dedicate their lives to表示 “把他们的生命致力于 ” 。 2 what they imagine they should be译为 “他们想象中自己应该成为的样子 ”，是concept的具体说明，翻译时可以不把 concept译出来。 3 put on a performance即 “演戏给别人看
22、 ”， maintain pretence译为 “继续假装下去 ”或 “保持伪装 ”， manipulate others译为 “操控他人 ”。 4第二段第二句 “They are awarebeing loving and acting loving ， acting knowledgeable ”在翻译时采用顺译法，使译文与原文在语气和结构上一致。 act在文中应指 “演戏，假装 ”， knowledgeable意为 “知识渊博的，有见识的 ”。 5第三段第一句中 do their own thinking可译为 “独立思考 ”。 6第三段第二句 “They can separate fa
23、cts from opinionsanswers ”中 facts和opinions是一组相对立的词，即事实和观点。 pretend to have all the answers即 “假装知道所有问题的答案 ”或 “假装无所不知 ”。 7第三段第四句 “Although winnersdefined ， demolished， bound， or awed by them ”中，几个动词 define， demolish， bind， awe可分别译为 “限制 ”、 “打垮 ”、 “束缚 ”、 “敬畏 ”。 8第三段第五句中 play“helpless”和 play the blaming
24、game是比较形象的语言，可分别译为 “耍弄 凄惨无助 的把戏 ”和 “玩弄委过于人的游戏 ”。 9第四段最后一句中的 assume应取 “行使 (权力 )，承担 (责任 )”之义，不能理解成“假设，假装 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉（论说文） 3 【正确答案】 詹姆斯 ?费尼莫尔 ?库珀在其经典小说拓荒者一书中，描述了主人公 一个土地开发商，带着他的表妹游览一座他正在建造的城市的情景。他绘声绘色地描绘了宽 阔的街道，鳞次栉比的房屋，一个熙熙攘攘的大都市。但是他的表妹大惑不解地环顾四周。她看见的只是一片森林。她问： “你要给我看的美景与改进了的地方在哪里 ?”她的表哥很惊讶她竟然看不见这些东西，
25、他回答道：“哪里 !到处都是啊 !”因为尽管这些东西还没有在土地上发生，他已经在脑海里建造好了，它们对他来说是具体存在的，就像已经建成竣工了一样。 库珀在这里阐释的是一种美国人独具的特征，即前瞻性：他们既能够从未来的有利角度审视现在，又能摆脱过去的束缚而在情感上更加亲近未来。正如阿尔伯特 ?爱因斯坦曾经说过的那样： “对美国 人来说，生活总是在变化，从来不会停滞下来。 ” 【试题解析】 1第一段第一句中需用到增译法：詹姆斯 ?费尼莫尔 ?库珀在他的经典小说拓荒者一书中，描述了主人公 一个土地开发商，带着表妹游览一座他正在建造的城市的情景。 2第一段第二句中 the broad streets，
26、 rows of houses， a bustling metropolis，译时要尽量使文字优美、流畅，可以分别译为 “宽阔的街道 ”、 “鳞次栉比的房屋 ”和“熙熙攘攘的大都市 ”。 3第一段第三句中 bewildered的意思是 “迷惑的，不 知所措的 ”。 4第一段倒数第二句中 “Where! Why everywhere ， ”的翻泽要体现出表哥那种吃惊、感到不可思议的感觉，可用转译法进行灵活翻译，可译为：哪里 !到处都是啊 ! 5第一段最后一句中 concrete意为 “具体的，实在的 ”。 6第二段第一句较长，可采用顺译法。 futuremindedness指 “具有前瞻性的思维
27、、想法 ”。 7 the vantage point of the future可译为 “未来的有利角度、位置 ”。 8 unencumbered译为 “没有阻碍的，不受妨碍的 ”。 9 emotionally attached to译为 “在情感上亲近 ” 。 【知识模块】 英译汉（论说文） 4 【正确答案】 但是，正如其他许多人一样，当他们终于结了婚，却发现自己最初憧憬的生活早已被严峻的现实所替代。他们非但没能像学生们常挂在嘴边的“对半开 ”那样去分担各自的责任，反倒发现生活中的烦心事成倍地找上门来。这就使得我们那两位结了婚的朋友时不时地感到沮丧和不开心；他们突然觉得自己哪里是居住在天堂，
28、分明依旧生活在尘世，而且还成了新的清规戒律的奴隶。比起从前，他们不仅没有更自由、更幸 福，反倒得肩负起新的责任；他们既然成立了一个新家，就必须在这方面或那方面承担起这个家的义务。回首订婚之时，他们心中充满爱意；他们曾经如此渴望拥有彼此的两人世界而置周围的一切于不顾，然而，他们似乎从未如此深刻地体会到自己依然是这个现代社会的一份子。 【试题解析】 1第一句中， The most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical译成中文时，需把被动态译为主动态，以避免翻译腔。 2翻译第二句时， 首先要认
29、清原文的结构以避免理解错误。 Instead of having shared their original duties， and as school-boys would say， going halves的正常语序为 Instead of having shared their original duties， and going halves as schoolboys would say。其次，需要为这个副词短语增译主语 they。 3 going halves即 “一人一半 ”的意思。 4 cares of life had been doubled译成中文时，也需把被动态译为主动态，更符合中文表达习惯。 5 still upon earth与前面的 dwelling in heaven形成对比，意思是仍然要面对日常的生活，不可直译为 “在地面上 ”，将 earth译为 “尘世 ”或 “现实 ”等较好。 6 engagement在这里是 “订婚 ”的意思，不是指 “从事 ”。 7 apart from the world相当于 away from the world，这里的 world是指 “二人以外的一切尘世的东西 ”。 8最后一 句中的 unit不宜译为 “单元 ”，可译为 “一份子 ”等。 【知识模块】 英译汉（论说文）
