1、专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷 150及答案与解析 SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1)So
2、 Roger Chillingworth a deformed old figure, with a face that haunted mens memories longer than they liked took leave of Hester Prynne, and went stooping away along the earth. He gathered here and there an herb, or grubbed up a root, and put it into the basket on his arm. His grey beard almost touche
3、d the ground, as he crept onward. Hester gazed after him a little while, looking with a half fantastic curiosity to see whether the tender grass of early spring would not be blighted beneath him, and show the wavering track of his footsteps, sere and brown, across its cheerful verdure. She wondered
4、what sort of herbs they were, which the old man was so sedulous to gather. Would not the earth, quickened to by the sympathy of his eye, greet him with poisonous shrubs, of species hitherto unknown, that would start up under his fingers? Or might it suffice him, that every wholesome growth should be
5、 converted into something deleterious and malignant at his touch? Did the sun, which shone so brightly everywhere else, really fall upon him? Or was there, as it rather seemed, a circle of ominous shadow moving along with his deformity, whichever way he turned himself? And whither was he now going?
6、Would he not suddenly sink into the earth, leaving a barren and blasted spot, where, in due course of time, would be seen deadly nightshade(颠茄 ), dogwood(山茱萸 ), henbane(天仙子 ), and whatever else of vegetable wickedness the climate could produce, all flourishing with hideous luxuriance? Or would he sp
7、read bats wings and flee away, looking so much the uglier, the higher he rose towards heaven? (2)“Be it sin or no,“ said Hester Prynne bitterly, as she still gazed after him, “I hate the man!“ (3)She upbraided herself for the sentiment, but could not overcome or lessen it. Attempting to do so, she t
8、hought of those long-past days, in a distant land, when he used to emerge at eventide(黄昏 )from the seclusion of his study, and sit down in the firelight of their home, and in the light of her nuptial smile. He needed to bask himself in that smile, he said, in order that the chill of so many lonely h
9、ours among his books might be taken off the scholars heart. Such scenes had once appeared not otherwise than happy, but now, as viewed through the dismal medium of her subsequent life, they classed themselves among her ugliest remembrances. She marvelled how such scenes could have been! She marvelle
10、d how she could ever have been wrought upon to marry him! She deemed it her crime most to be repented of, that she had ever endured, and reciprocated, the lukewarm grasp of his hand, and had suffered the smile of her lips and eyes to mingle and melt into his own. And it seemed a fouler offence commi
11、tted by Roger Chillingworth, than any which had since been done him, that, in the time when her heart knew no better, he had persuaded her to fancy herself happy by his side. (4)“Yes, I hate him!“ repeated Hester, more bitterly than before. “He betrayed me! He has done me worse wrong than I did him!
12、“ (5)Let men tremble to win the hand of woman, unless they win along with it the utmost passion of her heart! Else it may be their miserable fortune, as it was Roger Chillingworths, when some mightier touch than their own may have awakened all her sensibilities, to be reproached even for the calm co
13、ntent, the marble image of happiness, which they will have imposed upon her as the warm reality. But Hester ought long ago to have done with this injustice. What did it betoken? Had seven long years, under the torture of the scarlet letter, inflicted so much of misery, and wrought out no repentance?
14、 (6)The emotions of that brief space, while she stood gazing after the crooked figure of old Roger Chillingworth, threw a dark light on Hesters state of mind, revealing much that she might not otherwise have acknowledged to herself. (7)He being gone, she summoned back her child. (8)“Pearl! Little Pe
15、arl! Where are you?“ (9)Pearl, whose activity of spirit never flagged, had been at no loss for amusement while her mother talked with the old gatherer of herbs. At first, as already told, she had flirted fancifully with her own image in a pool of water, beckoning the phantom forth, and as it decline
16、d to venture seeking a passage for herself into its sphere of impalpable earth and unattainable sky. Soon finding, however, that either she or the image was unreal, she turned elsewhere for better pastime. She made little boats out of birch-bark(桦树皮 ), and freighted them with snail-shells , and sent
17、 out more ventures on the mighty deep than any merchant in New England: but the larger part of them foundered near the shore. She seized a live horse-shoe(鲎 )by the tail, and made prize of several five-fingers(海星 ), and laid out a jelly-fish to melt in the warm sun. Then she took up the white foam,
18、that streaked the line of the advancing tide, and threw it upon the breeze, scampering after it, with winged footsteps, to catch the great snowflakes ere they fell. Perceiving a flock of beach-birds, that fed and fluttered along the shore, the naughty child picked up her apron full of pebbles, and,
19、creeping from rock to rock after these small sea-fowl, displayed remarkable dexterity in pelting them. One Utile grey bird, with a white breast, Pearl was almost sure, had been hit by a pebble, and fluttered away with a broken wing. But then the elf-child sighed, and gave up her sport: because it gr
20、ieved her to have done harm to a Utile being that was as wild as the sea-breeze, or as wUd as Pearl herself. (10)Her final employment was to gather sea-weed, of various kinds, and make herself a scarf, or mantle, and a head-dress, and thus assume the aspect of a Utile mermaid. She inherited her moth
21、ers gift for devising drapery and costume. As the last touch to her mermaid garb, Pearl took some eel-grass, and imitated, as best she could, on her own bosom, the decoration with which she was so familiar on her mothers. A letter the letter A but freshly green, instead of scarlet! The child bent he
22、r chin upon her breast, and contemplated this device with strange interest: even as if the one only thing for which she had been sent into the world was to make out its hidden import. 1 According to Para. 1, people are most impressed by ChilUngworths_. （ A） spirit （ B） figure （ C） age （ D） appearanc
23、e 2 Which of the following statements contains a metaphor? （ A） Would not the earth.greet him with poisonous shrubs.(Para. 1) （ B） .as it rather seemed, a circle of ominous shadow.(Para. 1) （ C） Would he not suddenly sink into the earth.(Para. 1) （ D） Or would he spread bats wings and flee away.(Par
24、a. 1) 3 What can NOT be concluded from the first five paragraphs about Roger ChiUingworth? （ A） He was physically and psychologicaUy monstrous. （ B） He was deficient in human warmth. （ C） He might be a doctor. （ D） He has won his wifes heart early in their marriage. 4 Which of the following words is
25、 used metaphorically, NOT Uterally? （ A） Study.(Para. 3) （ B） Content.(Para. 5) （ C） Snowflakes.(Para. 9) （ D） Gift.(Para. 10) 5 It can be inferred from Para. 9 that Pearl is_. （ A） naughty （ B） kind-hearted （ C） wild （ D） dexterous 5 (1)Its a golden age for studying inequality. Thomas Piketty, a Fr
26、ench economist, set the benchmark in 2014 when his book, “Capital in the Twenty-First Century“, was published in English and became a bestseller. The book mapped the contours of the crisis with a sweeping theory of economic history. Inequality, which had been on the wane from the 1930s until the 197
27、0s, had risen sharply back toward the high levels of the Industrial Revolution, he argued. Now Branko Milanovic, an economist at the Luxembourg Income Study Centre and the City University of New York, has written a comprehensive follow-up. It reinforces how Utile is really known about economic force
28、s of long duration. (2)In some ways “Global Inequality“ is a less ambitious book than “Capital“. It is shorter, and written more like an academic working paper than a work of substantial scholarship for a wider readership. (3)Like Mr Piketty, he begins with piles of data assembled over years of rese
29、arch. He sets the trends of different individual countries in a global context. Over the past 30 years the incomes of workers in the middle of the global income distribution have soared, as has pay for the richest 1% . At the same time, incomes of the working class in advanced economies have stagnat
30、ed. This dynamic helped create a global middle class. It also caused global economic inequality to plateau, and perhaps even decline, for the first time since industrialisation began. (4)To help interpret these facts, Mr Milanovic provides the readers with a series of neat mental models. He muses, f
31、or instance, that at the dawn of industrialisation, inequality within countries(or class-based inequality)was responsible for the largest gaps between rich people and poor. After industrialisation, inequality across countries(or location-based inequality)became more important. But as gaps between co
32、untries become ever more narrow, class-based inequality will become more important as most of the differences in incomes between rich people and poor people will once again be due to gaps within countries. He seasons the discussion with interesting comments, such as how incomes and inequality fell o
33、ver the course of the Roman Empire. (5)Mr Milanovics boldest contribution is about “Kuznets waves“, which he offers as an alternative to two other prevailing theories of inequality. Simon Kuznets, a 20th-century economist, argued that inequality is low at low levels of development, rises during indu
34、strialisation and falls as countries reach economic maturity: high inequality is the temporary side-effect of the developmental process. Mr Piketty offered an alternative explanation: that high levels of inequality are the natural state of modern economies. Only unusual events, like the two world wa
35、rs and the Depression of the 1930s, disrupt that normal equilibrium. (6)Mr Milanovic suggests that both are mistaken. Across history, he reckons, inequality has tended to flow in cycles: Kuznets waves. In the pre-industrial period, these waves were governed by Malthusian dynamics: inequality would r
36、ise as countries enjoyed a spell of good fortune and high incomes, then fall as war or famine dragged average income back to subsistence level. With industrialisation, the forces creating Kuznets waves changed: to technology, openness and policy(TOP, as he shortens it). In the 19th century technolog
37、ical advance, globalisation and policy shifts all worked together in mutually reinforcing ways to produce dramatic economic change. Workers were reallocated from farms to factories, average incomes and inequality soared and the world became unprecedentedly interconnected. Then a combination of force
38、s, some malign(war and political upheaval)and some benign(increased education)squeezed inequality to the lows of the 1970s. (7)Since then, the rich world has been riding a new Kuznets wave, propelled by another era of economic change. Technological progress and trade work together to squeeze workers
39、, he says: cheap technology made in foreign economies undermines the bargaining power of rich-world workers directly, and makes it easier for firms to replace people with machines. Workers declining economic power is compounded by lost political power as the very rich use their fortunes to influence
40、 candidates and elections. (8)This diagnosis carries with it a predictive element. Mr Milanovic expects rich-world inequality to keep rising, in America especially, before eventually declining. Importantly, he argues that the downswing in inequality that occurs on the backside of a Kuznets wave is a
41、n inevitable result of the preceding rise. Where Mr Piketty sees the inequality-compressing historical events of the early 20th century as an accident, Mr Milanovic believes them to be the direct result of soaring inequality. The search for foreign investment opportunities engendered imperialism and
42、 set the stage for war. There are parallels, if imperfect ones, to the modern economy: rich economies seem to be stagnating as the very rich struggle to find places to earn good returns on their piles of wealth. (9)Mr Milanovics analysis leads him to consider some dark possibilities as he looks ahea
43、d. America looks to be falling into the grips of an undemocratic plutocracy(富豪统治 ), he says, which is dependent on an expanding security state. In Europe right-wing nativism(本土主义 )is on the rise. The good news is that emerging economies will probably continue on their path toward rich-world incomes
44、though that, he allows, is not guaranteed, and could be threatened by political crisis in other markets. (10)The books conclusion is a little unsatisfying. A theory in which rising inequality eventually triggers countervailing social dislocations feels intuitively right, but it also leaves many impo
45、rtant questions unanswered. When is war, rather than revolution, the probable outcome of inequality? Are governments at the mercy of the cycle, or can they act pre-emptively to flatten out the waves and avoid crises of high inequality? Mr Milanovics contributions are ultimately similar to those made
46、 by Mr Piketty. The data he provides offer a clearer picture of great economic puzzles, and his bold theorising chips away at tired economic orthodoxies. But the grand theory does as much to reveal the scale of contemporary ignorance as to illuminate the mechanics of the global economy. 6 What simil
47、arity does Branko Milanovics book share with that of Thomas Piketty? （ A） The publishing time. （ B） The length. （ C） The writing style. （ D） The beginning. 7 Which of the following statements about Kuznets waves is true? （ A） It is provided by Simon Kuznets. （ B） It is complementary to Pikettys theo
48、ry of inequality. （ C） It considers inequality to be only affected by historical events. （ D） It considers the rises and falls of inequality as a cycle. 8 According to Mr. Milanovic, the Kuznets wave in rich countries is currently governed by_. （ A） technological progress and trade （ B） Malthusian d
49、ynamics （ C） technology, openness and policy （ D） big political changes and improved education 9 It can be concluded from the last paragraph that the author holds a(n)_view towards Mr. Milanovics book. （ A） subjective （ B） objective （ C） positive （ D） negative 10 The purpose of the writer in writing this passage is to_. （ A） introduce a book （ B） recommend an economist （ C） elaborate an economic theory （ D） make a comparison between two books 10 (1)In an interview near the end of his career the fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent
