1、专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷 87及答案与解析 SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1)Thi
2、rty-seven men have been elected President since 1789, and the American people have applied two different standards in evaluating their achievements. The first was formulated by Alexander Hamilton who test-drove the presidency in the Federalist papers. The difficulty of winning the job, he argued, vi
3、rtually guaranteed it would be held by the best men. “Talents for low intrigue, and the little art of popularity“, could “elevate a man to the first honors in a single state“. But only “characters pre-eminent for ability and virtue“ could impress the nation as a whole. The first seven Presidents, wh
4、o filled the job for almost a half-century, confirmed Hamiltons prediction. George Washington, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson were heroes of the American Revolution. James Madison was the prime mover in the push to write and ratify the Constitution. James Monroe and John Quincy Adams had signal tri
5、umphs: Monroe successfully fought against the English troops during the war in 1814, and Adams, as Monroes Secretary of State, conceived the Monroe Doctrine, which waved Europe off the western hemisphere. Andrew Jackson, the frontier warrior, beat the Creek Indians in the old Southwest and the Briti
6、sh in New Orleans. (2)It was not until the eighth President, Martin Van Buren, that America aimed lower. Van Buren was a smooth self-made man from upstate New York who clambered to leadership first in his state, then in the Democratic Party nationwide. He was a wire puller and wheeler-dealer. Former
7、 President John Quincy Adams praised his “calmness“, “gentleness“ and “discretion“, though not his “profound dissimulation“ and “fawning servility“. Van Buren was a pol, first, last and always. He showed mat intrigue and the art of popularity were now enough to win the White House. Since 1841, most
8、successful presidential candidates have passed the Van Buren test. The electorate wants leaders who have played the game, even if they havent been All-Stars. Its a low but sensible hurdle; Obama qualifies by that standard. (3)Voters also dont take kindly to non-politicians: two businessmen, Wendell
9、Willkie and Ross Perot, made serious runs for the White House, although neither came close. Americans will elect a political neophyte only if he passes the Hamilton test of pre-eminent ability. Ulysses S. Grant and Dwight Eisenhower had never held elective office, but they won their wars. Some Presi
10、dents pass both tests: Theodore Roosevelt fought well in the Spanish-American War and in New York State politics. Among the prospective 2008 candidates, only one has shown pre-eminent ability: Rudy Giuliani, in solving the crime problem in the nations largest city and in bis response to 9/11. (4)But
11、 is pre-eminent ability a reliable predictor of success? It doesnt guarantee victory at the polls. Henry Clay was master of legislative finesse who helped broker the Missouri Compromises of 1820-1821, a deal between slave states and free states that kept the two sides from each others throats for 30
12、 years. Yet he failed to become President in three tries. Great achievements dont guarantee great presidencies even when the pre-eminent man wins. The Eisenhower Administration, scorned by eggheads of the left and right while it was going on, has been revised upward by later scholars, and a similar
13、process is lifting Grants presidency from the cellar to which an unholy alliance of neo-Confederates and genteel reformers had consigned it. But neither man will ever be considered as great in peace as he was in war. (5)There have also been ordinary-seeming politicians who became epoch-making Presid
14、ents. After the 1932 Democratic Convention picked New York Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt, journalist H. L. Mencken described him as a man “whose competence was plainly in doubt.“ The Republican nomination of one-term Illinois Congressman Abraham Lincoln in 1860 brought this sneer from diarist Georg
15、e Templeton Strong: “He cut a great many rails, and worked on a flatboat in early youth; all which is somehow presumptive evidence of his statesmanship.“ (6)Statesmanship is an art, which means there is always room for inspiration, and for grace. We are right to look for a record of pre-eminent abil
16、ity when we can find it. But the basic doctrine of republican government, that all men are created equal, can be a surprise bonus for some leaders, as well as a guarantee of rights for all of us. Sometimes greatness appears in unlikely places, even in ordinary pols from Illinois. 1 In Hamiltons view
17、, “the best men“ include all the following EXCEPT _. （ A） those who are capable and noble-minded （ B） those who have the art of popularity （ C） those who confirmed Hamiltons prediction （ D） John Adams who made great achievements 2 Van Buren could win the presidency NOT because _. （ A） of his intrigu
18、e and the art of popularity （ B） he was a self-made man from upstate New York （ C） of his “profound dissimulation“ and “fawning servility“ （ D） the Americans changed their standards 3 What does the passage mainly talk about? （ A） Obama will probably become President according to the American history
19、. （ B） All the presidential candidates should pass both the two mentioned tests. （ C） Who will be the next U.S. President is still not clear before election. （ D） Any presidential candidate would break the Hamilton and van Burens tests. 3 (1)What makes a great communicator? A willingness to share th
20、at driving sense of mission and a burning faith that others will embrace, too. (2)As an entrepreneur, you have an extraordinary story to tell. But whether youre pitching or promoting a service, product, company, or cause, how you craft and deliver your message could mean the difference between makin
21、g the sale or being shown the door. Some people are simply better than others at articulating their message. (3)Raising the bar. My work takes me across the country and exposes me to spokespeople in a variety of industries. But the goals are always the same: To articulate a message that meets the de
22、mands of contemporary audiences, who want their speakers to be passionate, inspiring, brief, captivating, and clear. (4)As the majority of us are accustomed to PowerPoint shows, 24-hour cable news, and MTV-style videos, our perception of great corporate speakers has changed. The great spokespeople o
23、f our time have raised the bar on what it means to be a business communicator and youre being compared to them. (5)When CNBC interviews Apple(AAPL)CEO Steve Jobs, youre being compared to him. When C-SPAN brings British Prime Minister Tony Blair into our living rooms every week, youre being compared
24、to him. When Cisco(CSCO)CEO John Chambers delivers a dazzling PowerPoint show, youre being compared to him. Theyve mastered 10 techniques that set them apart techniques that I uncovered while researching my new book, 10 Simple Secrets of the Worlds Greatest Business Communicators. (6)Pitching with o
25、omph. But enough talk about “the secrets“. Lets get started. Extraordinary entrepreneurs and business professionals credit their communication skills for much of their success, and each is fueled by a passionate commitment to their service, product, company, or cause. Passion separates the worlds to
26、p pitchmen from the vast majority of mediocre presenters. Without passion, you will fail to motivate, inspire, and electrify your audiences. (7)Starbucks(SBUX)Chairman Howard Schultz didnt build one of the most admired brands in the world because he blends the right mix of espresso, steamed milk, an
27、d foam. While interviewing Schultz for 10 Simple Secrets, I quickly realized he doesnt leave his passion at the office. While many of us like coffee, even love it, Schultz is passionate about it. Really passionate. (8)During a now-famous trip to Italy, on a piazza in Milan, Schultzs life was forever
28、 changed. The Italians were passionate about their coffee, he excitedly told his wife. Schultz brought that passion back to America and transformed a small Seattle coffee-bean store into an American institution. His zeal convinced investors to buy into his concept of bringing Italian-style cafes to
29、America and without it, we never would have been introduced to mocha frappuccinos! (9)Emotional rapport. At this point, some of you might be saying, “My passion is to get rich.“ Fine. But Im urging you to dig deeper. You see, Ive personally met and interviewed several entrepreneurs who have joined t
30、he billionaires club. Ive watched them address staff, customers, and investors. Not once did they ever discuss how much joy they get out of being wealthy. Instead, they build an emotional rapport with their listeners by sharing their connection to the topic their passion through personal stories, an
31、ecdotes, and examples. (10)Now ask yourself, “Whats my connection to my message?“ If youre a financial planner, is it to help your customers avoid the painful debt you saw your parents fall into? It is for Suze Orman, who tapped into that passion to fuel her success as an author and television host.
32、 If you sell networking hardware, is your passion fueled by the desire to change the way the world lives, works, plays, and learns? It is for Cisco Systems CEO John Chambers, whose passionate vision of the future has earned him a spot as one of the most admired chief executives in corporate America.
33、 (11)If you manage a coffee shop or restaurant, is your passion to create a welcoming “third place“ between home and work for your customers to enjoy? It is for Howard Schultz, whose passion has literally changed the daily habits of millions of people around the world. So whether youre addressing an
34、 audience of 1 or 1,000, reveal your passion by identifying and sharing your personal connection to your company message. It will set you apart as a speaker. 4 Whats the relationship between the last two paragraphs? （ A） They both support the same topic sentence. （ B） They present opposing ideas res
35、pectively. （ C） The latter is the illustration of the former. （ D） The latter is the logical result of the former. 5 The passage indicates that it is important to_in business communication. （ A） establish personal friendship （ B） show passion in conveying message （ C） employ high communicative skill
36、s （ D） meet listeners emotional demands 6 This passage is meant to target the following groups of readers EXCEPT _. （ A） entrepreneurs （ B） salespersons （ C） public speakers （ D） shop owners 6 (1)Last month Hansen Transmissions International, a maker of gearboxes for wind turbines, was listed on the
37、 London Stock Exchange. Nothing noteworthy about that, you might say, despite me jump in the share price on the first day of trading and the handsome gain since: green technology is all the rage, is it not? But Hansen exemplifies another trend too, which should prove every bit as durable: the rise o
38、f multinational companies from emerging economies. Its parent is Suzlon, an Indian firm that began life as a textile manufacturer but is now among the worlds five leading makers of wind turbines. Along the way, Suzlon has acquired not only Hansen, originally Belgian, but also REpower, a German wind-
39、energy firm, spending over $2 billion on the pair. (2)The world is now replete with Suzlons: global companies from emerging economies buying businesses in rich countries as well as in poorer places. Another Indian company, Tata Motors, looks likely to add to the list soon, by buying two grand old na
40、mes of British carmaking, Jaguar and Land Rover, from Americas enfeebled Ford. As a symbol of a shift in economic power, this is hard to match. (3)Economic theory says that this should not happen. Richer countries should export capital to poorer ones, not the other way round. Economists have had to
41、get used to seeing this turned on its head in recent years, as rich countries have run large current-account deficits and borrowed from China and other emerging economies(notably oil exporters)with huge surpluses. Similarly, foreign direct investment(FDI) the buying of companies and the building of
42、factories and offices abroad should also flow from rich to poor, and with it managerial and entrepreneurial prowess. (4)It is not yet time to tear up the textbook on FDI. According to the UN Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD), in 2006 the flow of FDI into developing economies exceeded the o
43、utflow by more than $200 billion. But the transfer of finance and expertise is by no means all in one direction. Developing economies accounted for one-seventh of FDI outflows in 2006, most of it in the form of takeovers. Indian companies have done most to catch the eye, but firms from Brazil, China
44、 and Mexico, in industries from cement to consumer electronics and aircraft manufacture, have also gone global. Up to a point, emerging-market multinationals have been buying Western know-how. But they have been bringing managerial and entrepreneurial skill, as well as just money, to the companies t
45、hey buy: British managers bear grudging witness to the financial flair of Mexican cement bosses; Boeing and Airbus may have learnt a thing or two from the global supply chains of Brazils Embraer. (5)Perhaps no one should be surprised. Half a century ago, Japan was a poor country: today Sony and Toyo
46、ta are among the best-known and mightiest companies on the planet. South Korea is still listed as developing country in UNCTADs tables, but that seems bizarrely outdated for the homes of Samsung. Now another generation is forming. To its critics, globalisation may be little more than a licence for g
47、iant Western companies to colonise the emerging world, yet more and more firms from poorer economies are planting their flags in rich ground. 7 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _. （ A） green technology is out of fashion at that time （ B） green technology is useless at that time （ C）
48、green technology is irrational and unrealistic （ D） green technology is popular at a particular time 8 Which of the following is NOT the reason why “the world is now replete with Suzlons“ in the second paragraph? （ A） Many companies from emerging economies buy business in rich countries. （ B） Many c
49、ompanies from emerging economies buy business in poor countries. （ C） Suzlon is the best and most powerful company in the world. （ D） There are many emerging companies like Suzlon in the world. 9 Which category of writing does this passage belong to? （ A） Editorial. （ B） Essay. （ C） Feature. （ D） News. 9 (1)All around the world, shoppers flock to Wal-Mart to buy everything from socks to sofa beds. In McKinney, Texas, they come for another reason: to see the wind turbine. Rising 120 ft. above the ground, its t
