1、专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷 166及答案与解析 SECTION A TALK In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptabl
2、e. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 The Differences Between American and British English I. Introduction American English and British English: the two【 T1】 of English【 T1】 _ A. Three major differences: pronunciation vocabulary sp
3、elling B. The most important rule of thumb: be【 T2】 in your usage【 T2】 _ II. The principal differences between American and British English A. Use of the present perfect 【 T3】 : to express an action that has occurred in the recent【 T3】 _ past and has influence until now an example: I lost my key. Ca
4、n you help me look for it? is 【 T4】 in British English but accepted in American English【 T4】 _ B. Possession two forms: have or have got have got is【 T5】 in British English: have is popular in【 T5】 _ American English C. Vocabulary: the major difference the same word means different things, e. g. mea
5、n the solution: use a【 T6】【 T6】 _ vocabulary items used in one form and not in the other: the 【 T7】 used for automobiles【 T7】 _ D.【 T8】【 T8】 _ words ending in -or(American), -our(British): words ending in -ize(American), -ise(British) to use the【 T9】 on your word processor【 T9】 _ III. Conclusion A.
6、Very few differences between British and American English B. The largest difference: the choice of vocabulary and【 T10】【 T10】 _ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 10 Good Writing Educators in English-speaking countries have developed a set of basic char
7、acteristics of good English writing unity,【 T1】 , emphasis,【 T1】 _ development and clarity. Here, a different set of concepts is introduced: I. Good writing is good thinking. It should be【 T2】 , having something insightful to say about【 T2】 _ the topic. It is not simply【 T3】【 T3】 _ It may 1)enlighte
8、n you or【 T4】 the subject:【 T4】 _ 2)make you feel something similar: 3)make you feel exactly【 T5】【 T5】 _ II. Good writing involves thoughtful【 T6】 .【 T6】 _ It is the result of 99% hard work and 1% inspiration. III. Good writing is directed toward an audience. What is appropriate for one may not be a
9、ppropriate for another. The audience determines: 1)the choice of words: 2)the sentence length and patterns: 3)the overall【 T7】 :【 T7】 _ 4)the details that would be included. IV. Good writing achieves a clear【 T8】【 T8】 _ V. Good writing expresses ideas clearly. It reflects good thinking, which should
10、 be put in precise, 【 T9】 and lucid articles.【 T9】 _ For non-native speakers, clear expression involves being【 T10】【 T10】 _ 11 【 T1】 12 【 T2】 13 【 T3】 14 【 T4】 15 【 T5】 16 【 T6】 17 【 T7】 18 【 T8】 19 【 T9】 20 【 T10】 专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷 166答案与解析 SECTION A TALK In this section you will hear a talk. You will
11、 hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the
12、 gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 The Differences Between American and British English Good morning, everyone. Today we are going to talk about the differences between American and British English.(1)While there are certainly many more varieties of English, American English and British English are the two
13、 varieties that are taught in most programs of teaching non-native speakers. Generally, it is agreed that no one version is “ correct“ : however, there are certainly preferences in use. The three major differences between American and British English are: pronunciation, vocabulary, and spelling. (2)
14、The most important rule of thumb is to try to be consistent in your usage. If you decide that you want to use American English spellings, then be consistent in your spelling. This is of course not always easy or possible. The following guide is meant to point out the principal differences between th
15、ese two varieties of English. Firstly, use of the present perfect in British English.(3)The present perfect is used to express an action that has occurred in the recent past and has an effect on the present moment. For example, Ive lost my key. Can you help me look for it? In American English the fo
16、llowing is also possible: I lost my key. Can you help me look for it? In British English the above would be considered incorrect. However, both forms are generally accepted in standard American English. Secondly, possession. There are two forms to express possession in English. Have or have got: Do
17、you have a car? Have you got a car? He hasnt got any friends. He doesnt have any friends. While both forms are correct and accepted in both British and American English,(5)have got, have you got, he hasnt got, etc. are generally the preferred forms in British English while most speakers of American
18、English employ the have-, do you have, he doesnt have, etc. Thirdly, vocabulary. Probably the major difference between British and American English lies in the choice of vocabulary. Some words mean different things in the two varieties, for example, mean: in American English angry, bad humored, whil
19、e in British English not generous, tight fisted. There are many more examples, too many for me to list here.(6)If there is a difference in usage, your dictionary will note the different meanings in its definition of the term.(7)Many vocabulary items are also used in one form and not in the other. On
20、e of the best examples of this is the terminology used for automobiles. Fourthly, spelling. Here are some general differences between British and American spellings: Words ending in -or(American), -our(British), color, colour, humor, humour, flavor, flavour etc. Words ending in -ize(American), -ise(
21、British), recognize, recognise, patronize, patronise, etc. The best way to make sure that you are being consistent in your spelling is to use the spell check on your word processor if you are using the computer and choosing which variety of English you would like. As you can see, there are really ve
22、ry few differences between standard British English and standard American English. However,(10)the largest difference is probably the choice of vocabulary and pronunciation. No matter which dialect you have chosen, you need to be consistent in the usage. Thanks for your attention. 【知识模块】 讲座 1 【正确答案】
23、 varieties 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。讲座提到 While there are certainly many more varieties ofEnglish， American English and British English are the two varieties that are taught in mostprograms of teaching non native speakers即美式英语和英式英语是教授非英语母语人士的两种 类型。因此填入 varieties。 【知识模块】 讲座 2 【正确答案】 consistent 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。此处讲到
24、 The most important rule of thumb is to try to beconsistent in your usage即最重要的经验法则就是使用时尽量始终如一。因此填入 consistent. 【知识模块】 讲座 3 【正确答案】 function 【试题解析】 本题为推断题。讲座提到英式英语和美式英语的不同之处，其中之一就是英式英语中现在完成时的运用。文中指出 The present perfect is used to express an action thathas occurred in the recent past and has an effect
25、on the present moment即现在完成时被用来表达过去刚刚发生的动作对现在造成的影响。由此推断，此处讲的是现在完成时的作用。故答案为 function。 【知识模块】 讲座 4 【正确答案】 incorrect unacceptable 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处考查英式英语和美式英语在运用现在完成时方面的区别。讲座举例说明二者的区别，提到 In British English the above would beconsidered incorrect即以上例子在英式英语中是不正确的。因此填入 incorrect或者 unacceptable。 【知识模块】 讲座 5 【
26、正确答案】 preferred 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处考查二者在表达 “拥有 ”时的区别。讲座指出have got， have you got， he hasnt got， etc are generally the preterred forms in British English，即这些是英式英语喜欢的表达形式。因此填入 preferred。 【知识模块】 讲座 6 【正确答案】 dictionary 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座提到 If there is a difference in usage， your dictionary willnote the differ
27、ent meanings in its definition of the term即如果单词在用法上有差异，字典会特别指出该词在定义上的不同意思。因此此处填入dictionary。 【知识模块】 讲座 7 【正确答案】 terminology 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座提到 Many vocabulary items are also used in one formand not in the other One of the best examples of this is the terminology used for automobiles即许多单词在一种类型的英语中使用，而
28、另外一种却不使用该单词。最好的例子之一就是用于汽车的术语。因此填入 terminology。 【知识模块】 讲座 8 【正确答案】 Spelling 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。此处考查两种类型的英语的第四个区别：Fourthly， spelling，即拼写。因此答案为 Spelling。 【知识模块】 讲座 9 【正确答案】 spell check 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座在提到二者在拼写方面的区别时指出 The best way tomake sure that you are being consistent in your spelling is to use the spel
29、l check on your wordprocessor 即确保拼写始终保持在同一种类型英语中的最好办法就是运用文字处理软件上的拼写检查。因此填入 spell check。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【正确答案】 pronunciation 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。讲座最后一段提到 the largest difference is probably thechoice of vocabulary and pronunciation，即二者最大的区别可能是词汇的选择和发音。因此填入 pronunciation。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【听力原文】 Good Writing What
30、is good writing? Different cultures using different languages may come up with very different answers to the question. However, as far as English is concerned, a set of basic characteristics has been promoted by educators in English-speaking countries.(1)They are: unity, coherence, emphasis, develop
31、ment and clarity. While these good old values are still relevant, todays discussion of good writing focuses on a different set of concepts. Ill define good writing using different terms: good writing is good thinking: good writing involves thoughtful revision: good writing is directed toward an audi
32、ence: good writing achieves a clear purpose: good writing expresses ideas clearly. Firstly, good writing is good thinking. Good thinking leads to good writing, and muddy thinking can only result in muddy writing. As simple as that. Writing is a thinking process: it is not making a big deal out of no
33、thing.(2)Good writing should be substantive, really having things to say. Not only having things to say, but also having insightful things to say about the topic. While good writing is expected to be free from grammatical and other errors, it is worth repeating here that(3)good writing is not good g
34、rammar or vice versa. At the advanced level, you should be much more concerned with higher and more important issues of writing in English. If you were excited at all by a piece of writing, most likely, it was for one or a combination of the following reasons: 1)because(4)it enlightens you or sheds
35、light on the subject: 2)because you have felt something similar but in a rather vague and superficial way: 3)because(5)you have felt exactly the same, but have never been able to express yourself in such an effective and elegant manner. (6)Secondly, good writing involves thoughtful revision. For the
36、 overwhelming majority of writers, good writing is ninety-nine percent hard work and one percent inspiration. Experienced writers subject their writings to numerous revisions before feeling satisfied. Thirdly, good writing is directed toward an audience. Notice the use of the word “audience“ here: i
37、t usually refers to viewers and listeners, but now its reference has expanded to include readers too, particularly in discussions of writing. You should remember that what is appropriate for one kind of audience may not be appropriate for another.(7)The intended audience determines your choice of wo
38、rds, your sentence length and patterns, the overall tone, the details that would be included in your writing, etc. (8)Fourthly, good writing achieves a clear purpose. Good writing must achieve your intended purpose. If you want to write about how to make Jiaozi, your reader, after reading your writi
39、ng, should get everything he or she needs to know about how to make Jiaozi, from the necessary ingredients to step by step instructions. Last but not least, good writing expresses ideas clearly.(9)Good writing reflects good thinking, and good thinking needs to be put in precise, concise and lucid pr
40、ose. An important task for revision is to trim all the deadwood, pruning all the redundancies, wordiness, and confusing and misleading ambiguities.(10)For non-native speakers, to express yourself clearly often involves making your writing more idiomatic, reducing the level of negative interference o
41、f your native language and bringing your writing closer to English-speaking readers. So far, we have discussed five characteristics of good writing. In later lectures, you will learn in greater detail about how to write to different audiences to achieve specific purposes in clear and effective style
42、s. 【知识模块】 讲座 11 【正确答案】 coherence 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座提到， 优秀的英语写作包含一些基本特征：They are： unity， coherence， emphasis， development and clarity即一致性、连贯性、重点突出、有情节发展以及清晰明了。因此答案为 coherence。 【知识模块】 讲座 12 【正确答案】 substantive 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处提到优秀的写作的第一点内容：优秀的写作具有良好的思维。讲座指出 Good writing should be substantive， really havi
43、ng things to say即优秀的写作应该具有实质内容，是真正有事要说。因此填入substantive。 【知识模块】 讲座 13 【正确答案】 good grammar 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座提到 good writing is not good grammar or vice versa，即优秀的写作并不是语法正确，反之亦然。因此填入 good grammar。 【知识模块】 讲座 14 【正确答案】 shed light on 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处讲到之所以 是优秀写作的原因，其中之一就是： itenlightens you or sheds light on
44、 the subject，即它能启发你或者能阐明主题。因此填入 shedlight on。 【知识模块】 讲座 15 【正确答案】 the same 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处考查优秀写作的另一原因： you have felt exactly the same， but have never been able to express yourself in such an effective and elegant manner，即你正是有同样的感觉，但是却从来都没能如此有效并简洁地表达自己。因此填入 the same。 【知识模块】 讲座 16 【正确答案】 revision 【试题
45、解析】 本题为要点题。此处考查优秀写作的第二点内容： Secondly， good writinginvolves thoughtful revision即优秀的写作包含精心的修改。故答案为revision。 【知识模块】 讲座 17 【正确答案】 tone 【试题解析】 本题为细节题 。此处提到优秀写作的第三点内容：优秀的写作是针对具体读者的。其中指出 The intended audience determines your choice of words， your sentence lengthand patterns， the overall tone， the details th
46、at would be included in your writing， etc即目标读者决定你的选词、句子长度和句型、整体基调以及文章包含的细节等。因此填入 tone。 【知识模块】 讲座 18 【正确答案】 purpose 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。此处考查优秀写作的第四点内容： Fourthly， good writingachieves a clear purpose即优秀的写作能实现一个清晰的目标。因此答案为 purpose。 【知识模块】 讲座 19 【正确答案】 concise 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处提到优秀写作的第五点内容：优秀的写作能清晰地表达观点。其中指出 G
47、ood writing reflects good thinking， and good thinking needs to be put inprecise， concise and lucid prose即优秀的写作会反映良好的思维，而良好的思维需要用准确、简洁和清楚易懂的文章来表达。因此填入concise。 【知识模块】 讲座 20 【正确答案】 idiomatic 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座提到 For non-native speakers， to express yourself clearlyoften involves making your writing more idiomatic，即对非英语母语人士而言，要清晰地表达自己的思想通常包括使写作表达地更加地道。因此填入 idiomatic。 【知识模块】 讲座
