1、Designation: A 521/A 521M 06Standard Specification forSteel, Closed-Impression Die Forgings for General IndustrialUse1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 521/A 521M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers untreated and heat-treatedsteel, closed-impression die forgings (Note 1) for g
3、eneralindustrial use.NOTE 1For the definition of a forging, refer General RequirementsSpecification A 788/A 788M.1.2 The Grades of forgings are as follows, the choicedepending on design and stress or service to be imposed:1.2.1 Grade CAUntreated, carbon steel forgings,1.2.2 Grades CC, CC1, and CEAnn
4、ealed, normalized andtempered, carbon steel forgings,1.2.3 Grade CFNormalized and tempered carbon steelforgings,1.2.4 Grade CF1Double normalized and tempered car-bon steel forgings,1.2.5 Grade CGQuenched and tempered, or normalized,quenched and tempered carbon steel forgings,1.2.6 Grade AAAnnealed,
5、normalized, or normalized andtempered alloy steel forgings,1.2.7 Grades AB and ACNormalized and tempered alloysteel forgings, and1.2.8 Grades AD, AE, AF, AG, and AHNormalized,quenched, and tempered alloy steel forgings.1.3 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-tion designation, the
6、 forgings shall be furnished with theinch-pound units.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI(metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard. Withinthe text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. Thevalues stated in each system are not exact equivalents; there-fore,
7、each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-formance with the specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon andAlloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA 275/A 275M Test M
8、ethod for Magnetic Particle Exami-nation of Steel ForgingsA 322 Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard GradesA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination ofHeavy Steel ForgingsA 576 Specification for Steel Bars, Car
9、bon, Hot-Wrought,Special QualityA 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, GeneralRequirementsA 921/A 921M Specification for Steel Bars, Microalloy,Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, for Subsequent Hot ForgingE3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inc
10、lusion Contentof SteelE94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE 340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and AlloysE 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and ForgingsE 407 Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys3. Ordering I
11、nformation and General Requirements3.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M, which out-lines additional ordering information, manufacturing require-ments, testing and retesting methods and procedures, productanalysis variations, marki
12、ng, certification, and additional1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006. Published September 2006. Orig
13、inallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as A 521 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe
14、 ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.supplementary requirements. Failure to comply with the re-quirements of Specification A 788/A 788M consti
15、tutes non-conformance with this specification3.2 In addition to the ordering information required bySpecification A 788/A 788M, the purchaser may require thatthe tolerances stated in the appendices to this specification shallapply.3.3 If the requirements of this specification should conflictwith the
16、 requirements ofA 788/A 788M, then the requirementsof this specification shall prevail.4. Forging Manufacture4.1 Sufficient discard shall be taken from the ingot orforging stock to secure freedom from piping and unduesegregation.4.2 Manufacturing practice shall be in accordance withaccepted commerci
17、al procedures designed to produce forgingsfree from harmful surface discontinuities, roughness, excessivescale, fins, indications of overheating, burning, or other inju-rious conditions. The manufacturer may be required to certifythat furnaces used for all heating operations for forging andheat trea
18、ting are controlled to minimize scaling and decarbur-ization.4.3 Heat treatment, if required, shall be in accordance withthe ordered Grade description.5. Chemical Requirements5.1 Depending on the forging size, type of heat treatment,and the requirements of the purchaser, the chemical composi-tion sh
19、all be as specified by the purchaser. To assist in thischoice attention is drawn to the chemical requirements ofSpecification A 576 for carbon steels, Specification A 322 foralloy steels, and SpecificationA 29/A 29M for both carbon andalloy steels; however, the purchaser may wish to specify morerest
20、rictive sulfur and phosphorous limits than are provided inthese specifications.5.2 For microalloyed forgings, forging stock to Specifica-tion A 921/A 921M may be used.5.3 Attention is drawn to the supplementary requirementsincluded in Specification A 788/A 788M regarding specialchemical requirements
21、.5.4 The heat and product analyses requirements of Specifi-cation A 788/A 788M shall apply.6. Metallurgical Requirements6.1 Provision has been made, through the use of supplemen-tary requirements in Specification A 788/A 788M and thisspecification, for the purchaser to specify preferred grain flowan
22、d limits for grain size as well as any microscopic examina-tion requirements.7. Dimensional Tolerances7.1 The purchaser may specify tolerances for impression dieforgings according to Appendix X1 or Appendix X2 asappropriate.8. Tensile Properties8.1 The material shall conform to the requirements fort
23、ensile properties prescribed in Table 1 when tested in accor-dance with the latest issue of Test Methods and DefinitionsA 370.8.2 The yield strength shall be determined by the offsetmethod, using an offset value of 0.2 % of the gauge length, orby the total extension under load method, using an exten
24、sionvalue of 0.005 in./in. 0.005 mm/mm (0.5 %) for Grades ADand AE, 0.006 in./in. 0.006 mm/mm (0.6 %) for Grades AFand AG, and 0.007 in./in. 0.007 mm/mm (0.7 %) for GradeAH.8.3 Tests for acceptance shall be made after final heattreatment of the forgings.9. Number of Tests and Orientation9.1 Unless o
25、therwise specified, one tension test shall bemade for each heat of steel for each heat treat charge. Foruntreated forgings (Grade CA) no tension tests need be madeunless when specified in the purchase order, when one tensiontest shall represent each heat.9.2 For the purpose of tests of heat-treated
26、forgings, thenecessary extra forgings shall be provided. When it is imprac-ticable to provide extra forgings for test purposes, test bars maybe made from the same billet or bar material, provided theyrepresent the maximum cross section of the forging, do notexceed the production forging reduction, a
27、nd are heat treatedwith the forgings they represent.9.3 Unless otherwise specified, the axis of the specimenshall be located at any point midway between the center andthe surface of solid forgings or at any point midway betweenthe inner and outer surfaces of the wall of hollow forgings, andshall be
28、parallel to the direction of maximum metal flow.10. Test Specimen10.1 Location, size, and number of test specimens shall bespecified by the purchaser. Unless otherwise stated in thecontract or purchase order, test bars may be separately forgedor swaged from the same bars, billets, or blooms used inm
29、anufacture of the forgings. The percentage reduction giventhe forged tests bars shall not be greater than the minimumamount of reduction given the forging itself. The test bars shallbe heat treated with the forgings they represent. The manufac-turer may elect to submit an extra forging in lieu of fo
30、rged testbars.10.2 Unless otherwise specified, the axis of the specimenshall be located at any point midway between the center andthe surface of solid forgings or at any point midway betweenthe inner and outer surfaces of the wall of hollow forgings, andshall be parallel to the direction of maximum
31、metal flow.10.3 The specimens shall be machined to the form anddimensions shown in Test Methods and Definitions A 370 forthe standard or subsize round tension test specimens.11. Cleaning11.1 The forgings shall be furnished in a scale-free condi-tion. Unless otherwise specified, the manufacturer may
32、cleanby acid pickling, grit blasting, sand blasting, or other abrasivemethod.A 521/A 521M 06212. Keywords12.1 alloy steel; carbon steel; closed die; forging tolerances;heat treated; impression die; Steel ForgingsSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the following supplementary requirements shall
33、apply only when specified by thepurchaser in the inquiry, contract, and order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall bespecified by purchaser.S1. Magnetic Particle TestS1.1 When magnetic particle inspection of forgings isrequired, the areas to be inspected, and the acceptance stan-dards
34、shall be specified by purchaser.S1.2 Unless otherwise required by the purchaser, TestMethod A 275/A 275M shall be used.S2. Grain FlowS2.1 When a specific pattern of grain flow is required by thepurchaser, a sample forging shall be sectioned as specified. Thesection shall be ground and subjected to a
35、cid etching, using thetype of acid, temperature, and time of etching agreed upon toreveal flow lines. The section may be preserved using a coatingof mineral oil or clear lacquer.S2.2 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, MethodE 381 or Test Method E 340 shall be used.S3. Microscopic Examinati
36、onS3.1 When microscopical examination is specified, the steelshall be inspected by utilizing samples cut from the undistortedTABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsGrade Solid Diameter or Thickness,in. mmBored Wall Thickness in. mm TensileStrength,min, ksiMPaYield Strength,min, ksiMPaElongationin 2 in. or50 mm
37、,min, %Reductionof Area,min, %Over Not Over Over Not OverAA (Annealed, normalized, or . 12 300 . . 80 550 50 345 24 40normalized, and tempered) 12 300 20 500 . . 80 550 50 345 22 38AB (Normalized and tempered) . 7 175 . 4 100 80 550 55 380 26 527 175 20 500 4 100 712 190 80 550 55 380 24 50AC (Norma
38、lized and tempered) . 7 175 . 4 100 90 620 60 415 22 447 175 20 500 4 100 712 190 90 620 58 400 21 42AD (Normalized, quenched, and . 7 175 . 312 85 96 655 70 485 20 50tempered) 7 175 10 250 312 85 5 125 90 620 65 450 20 50AE (Normalized, quenched, and . 7 175 312 85 105 725 80 550 20 50tempered) 7 1
39、75 10 250 312 85 5 125 100 690 75 520 19 5010 250 20 500 5 125 8 200 95 655 70 485 19 50AF (Normalized, quenched, and . 4 100 . 2 50 125 860 105 725 16 50tempered) 4 100 7 175 2 50 312 85 115 795 96 655 16 457 175 10 250 312 85 5 125 110 760 85 585 16 45AG (Normalized, quenched, and . 4 100 . 2 50 1
40、45 1000 120 830 15 45tempered) 4 100 7 175 2 50 312 85 140 965 115 795 14 407 175 10 250 312 85 5 125 135 930 110 760 13 40AH (Normalized, quenched, and . 4 100 . 2 50 170 1175 140 965 13 40tempered) 4 100 7 175 2 50 312 85 165 1140 135 930 12 357 175 10 250 312 85 5 125 160 1105 130 895 11 35CA (Un
41、treated) No tensile requirement except as covered by 8.1CC (Annealed, normalized, or . 12 300 . . 60 415 30 205 25 36normalized, and tempered) 12 300 . . . 60 415 30 205 24 36CC1 (Annealed, normalized, or . 12 300 . . 66 455 33 230 23 36normalized and tempered) 12 300 20 500 . . 66 455 33 230 22 34C
42、E (Annealed, normalized, or . 8 200 . . 75 520 37 290 24 40normalized and tempered) 8 200 12 300 . . 75 520 37 290 22 3512 300 20 500 . . 75 520 37 290 20 3220 500 . . . 75 520 37 290 19 30CF (Normalized and tempered) . 8 200 . . 80 550 40 275 22 368 200 12 300 . . 80 550 40 275 21 3312 300 20 500 .
43、 . 80 550 40 275 20 31CF1 (Double normalized and tempered) . 8 200 . . 85 585 44 300 25 408 200 12 300 . . 83 570 43 295 23 3712 300 20 500 . . 83 570 43 295 22 35CG (Quenched, and tempered or . 4 100 . 2 50 90 620 55 380 20 39normalized, quenched and tempered) 8 200 7 175 2 50 312 85 85 585 50 345
44、20 397 175 10 250 312 85 5 125 85 585 50 345 19 37. . 5 125 10 250 82 565 48 330 19 36A 521/A 521M 063portion of tension test specimens. Requirements for number ofmicroscopical tests, grain size, cleanliness, or microstructureshall be specified by purchaser.S3.2 For grain size determination Test Met
45、hods E112or thegrain size provisions of Specification A 29/A 29M shall beused, and the grain size requirement shall be as specified by thepurchaser.S3.3 For non-metallic inclusion rating Test Methods E45shall be used, and the acceptance limits shall be specified bythe purchaser.S3.4 Guide E3and Prac
46、tice E 407 shall be used for thedetermination of the microstructure. Acceptance criteria shallbe specified by the purchaser.S4. Impact TestS4.1 Impact testing in accordance with Test Methods A 370shall be done on specimens taken adjacent to the tension test.The test temperature and acceptance criter
47、ia shall be asspecified by the purchaser.S5. Ultrasonic ExaminationS5.1 Ultrasonic examination shall be conducted in accor-dance with Practice A 388/A 388M unless otherwise specifiedby the purchaser who will also specify the acceptance criteria.S6. Radiographic TestsS6.1 When radiographic tests are
48、required, the number oftests, location, and ASTM standards of acceptance shall bespecified by the purchaser. Reference shall be made to GuideE94.S7. Brinell HardnessS7.1 When hardness is required, Brinell hardness tests takenin accordance with Test Methods A 370 shall be made ofsample forgings from each furnace charge of heat-treatedforgings, or from an 8 h shift for continuous furnaces. Thenumber of samples per charge and location of the hardnessimpressions shall be specified by the purchaser.S7.2 The acc
