1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 116及答案与解析 一、 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 No matter what the reason, though, juggling more t
2、han one job is guaranteed to be a crash course in time management. If youre not careful, the word “crash“ could become more than figurative. We all know that well have to figure out a time management system when we take on a second job. Equally obvious is the fact that what works for one person (and
3、 their jobs)probably wont work for anyone else. Its up to you to find a system and stick with it. There are a few tricks, though, that can help. Keep firm dividers between your different jobs. Even if you are the boss on your second job youre working for yourself you have an obligation to keep that
4、work separate from your day job. Focus on whats in front of you. Theres actually a benefit to punching a clock when you work for more than one supervisor. When youre on the clock for Company A, you know exactly which projects you should be working on. If Company A is paying for this time, you should
5、 be theirs, heart and soul, at least until you clock out. Good records can also help. Im not just talking about the calendars and task lists most of us rely on, either. Making sure that you have any contact information available no matter whether youre at Job A, Job B or Home can take some extra eff
6、ort, but its worth it. The same goes for your notes and other paperwork. There will come a day when an emergency comes up at Job A when youre supposed to be taking care of something for Job B. Its a fact of life. Unless you have very understanding supervisors or clients, youre going to have to choos
7、e between your jobs. In the moment, its very hard to make that decision. Ive decided between jobs based on which I enjoyed more, which paid better and which was more likely to fire me. You cant necessarily make decisions ahead of time, either. The best you can do is make sure you know which of your
8、commitments is the priority when youre thinking calmly and rationally. Beyond that, Id suggest thinking about contingency plans. Personally, my contingency plan is very simple. I can pick up and move any of my projects to anywhere that has Internet access. I know plenty of people who bring their wor
9、k to their primary job. It seems to be a favorite tactic of folks starting up a freelancing career or small business. I dont think thats the best way to manage a packed schedule. If you dont have your primary employers permission, the arrangement is shady at best. That said, these situations do happ
10、en. If youre in one of them, the best advice is to just keep things quiet. Give precedence to the employer who is paying you for this specific chunk of time. Some companies dont want you to work anywhere else. They want you to put in your eight hours, go home, sleep well and come back rested. Others
11、 consider employees who go looking for other projects as assets such employees have a jump start on networking and have a wider variety of experiences. Unfortunately, most supervisors do not come with a label describing which variety they are. Because it can be very hard to figure out your boss stan
12、ce, the general rule seems to be that you keep quiet on your extracurricular activities. I wouldnt talk about Job A at Job B, although, if my boss was to bring up the matter, Id be entirely truthful. 1 What does the author think about “punching a clock“? （ A） It signifies me boundary between differe
13、nt jobs. （ B） It monitors the assignment of ones attention to different jobs. （ C） It helps one to concentrate on the job in front of him. （ D） It restricts the time for the second job. 2 When an employer considers the employees who go looking for other projects as assets, he _. （ A） encourages them
14、 to become free lances （ B） doesnt think they can work both jobs well （ C） appreciates their wide variety of experience （ D） doesnt want them to take up any second job 3 If a title is to be given to the last two paragraphs, the best one is “_“. （ A） How to deal with the jobs when they coincide? （ B）
15、 How much do you tell the boss? （ C） How to identify the type of the boss? （ D） How much do you pay to balance more than more job? 3 Strikes and demonstrations in Germany, Britain and France helped to make the shorter working week a union priority. Employers gave way because in Germany sweating capi
16、tal investment had traditionally been the way German managers sustained high productivity. In Britain, there was a certain cynicism in agreeing to a reduced working week as British workers have always opted for extensive overtime to make up low basic wages. A nominal 35-hour week merely allowed more
17、 overtime. Working with union leaders such as Ron Todd and Bill Jordan in Britain and Hans Mayr, the wily IG Metall leader, in Germany, I found that there was one big gap in the movement for a 35-hour week. The Swedish union movement refused categorically to join the campaign. Given that in the 1980
18、s as today 95% of the Swedish workforce is unionized, the absence of the Swedish metalworkers union left a large hole in the European campaign. The Swedish thought that focusing on nominal weekly working hours was fatuous. The Swedish metal union believed that the distribution of working time should
19、 focus on annual holidays, family leave and on rigidly enforced limits on overtime that would be unacceptable to any self-respecting British shop steward. For the Swedish unions, working hours should help support Volvo, Saab, Electrolux and other companies faced with the growing challenge of globali
20、zation. To prescribe a rigid working week as the solution to European labor market problems just did not make sense to the calm, consensual approach that had allowed Swedish capitalism to flourish while delivering the best version of “social Europe“ on offer in the continent. At the time, it appeare
21、d frustrating to see this breach in solidarity. But today, the Swedish refusal to make a totem out of the 35-hour week appears more than justified. Sweden has maintained both full employment and record levels of trade union membership. By contrast, in Germany and France, where the 35-hour week was i
22、ntroduced, the continuing high level of unemployment and the lack of movement and energy in the labor market have contributed to the biggest slump in trade union membership ever seen in both countries. 4 The reason why in the end the 35-hour week has been gotten through in Germany is that _. （ A） fa
23、cing vast strikes and demonstrations, German managers couldnt deny the longstanding fact of overworking employees for high profits （ B） German workers devoted themselves to striking and demonstrating against the former longer working week （ C） the new working rule has been approved in most of Europe
24、an countries （ D） the new working rule would definitely improve the rate of employment 5 In the 7th paragraph, what does “breach in solidarity“ refer to? （ A） Social Europe. （ B） Prosperity in Sweden. （ C） Swedish noninvolvement. （ D） The 35-hour week. 6 Which statement is true according to the pass
25、age? （ A） Swedish workers hardly dissented from its government in its working week problem. （ B） Until today there have been 95% of the Swedish metalworkers that are unionized. （ C） Those British managers who have self-respects are considered to oppose a rigid enforcement of limits on overtime. （ D）
26、 Under the challenge of globalization, some major Swedish companies have turned to annual holidays and family leave for help. 6 The stunningly slow pace of job creation, which sank to growth of just 32,000 in July, has provided new ammunition in an intense political debate over job quality. For mont
27、hs, Democrats have said that the long-delayed employment recovery was concentrated in low-wage jobs that paid far less than those that were lost. White House officials replied that the available data failed to settle the matter one way or the other. The data is still inconclusive. But the weakness i
28、n job creation and the apparent weakness in high-paying jobs may be opposite sides of a coin. Companies still seem cautious, relying on temporary workers and anxious about rising health care costs associated with full-time workers. Many economists say that over the long term, the most vulnerable pos
29、itions are those at the low end of the wage scale that require fewer skills and are easily replicated. Even now, at a time when a disproportionate number of new jobs appear to be lower-paying ones, there has been growth in some high-income occupations like accounting, architecture and software. Yet
30、the earnings gap between the highest-paid employees and the rest of the work force is still widening, as it has over most of the last 30 years. The trend is most striking in factories, which accounted for the bulk of job losses in the last three years and tended to pay above-average wages. In contra
31、st to previous recoveries, when companies rehired a large proportion of laid-off workers, manufacturers have added only 91,000 jobs this year, having eliminated more than two million jobs in the previous three years. The largely permanent decline in manufacturing employment, which has been more acut
32、e after this recession than in previous ones, spans all levels from blue-collar workers through senior management. It has coincided with a bulge in the number of jobs in low-paying fields that are comparatively easy to enter: retail sales, hotel services and clerical work. 7 It can be inferred from
33、the passage that _. （ A） Manufacturers have offered more jobs than they have eliminated in the past few years （ B） The earnings gap problems used to be small in the past few decades （ C） Republicans seem to be in a difficult situation in job quality problems （ D） The write appears to be optimistic a
34、bout manufacturing employment in future 8 Now there is an increase of low-income job employment in the field of_. （ A） architecture （ B） software （ C） hotel service （ D） church service 9 What is the authors attitude towards the current situation in labor market? （ A） Optimistic. （ B） Apathetic. （ C）
35、 Impersonal. （ D） Critical. 9 It often happens that a number of applicants with almost identical qualifications and experience all apply for the same position. In their educational background, special skills and work experience, there is little, if anything, to choose between half a dozen candidates
36、. How then does the employer make a choice? Usually on the basis of an interview. There are many arguments for and against the interview as a selection procedure. The main argument against it is that it results in a wholly subjective decision. As often as not, employers do not choose the best candid
37、ate, they choose the candidate who makes a good first impression on them. Some employers, of course, reply to this argument by saying that they have become so experienced in interviewing staff that they are able to make a sound assessment of each candidates likely performance. The main argument in f
38、avour of me interview and it is, perhaps, a good argument is that an employer is concerned not only with a candidates ability, but with me suitability of his or her personality for the particular work situation. Many employers, for example, will overlook occasional inefficiencies from their secretar
39、y provided she has a pleasant personality. It is perhaps true to say, therefore, mat the real purpose of an interview is not to assess the assessable aspects of each candidate but to make a guess at the more intangible things, such as personality, character and social ability. Unfortunately, both fo
40、r the employers and applicants for jobs, there are many people of great ability who simply do not interview well. There are also, of course, people who interview extremely well, but are later found to be very unsatisfactory employees. Candidates who interview well tend to be quietly confident, but n
41、ever boastful; direct and straightforward in their questions and answers; cheerful and friendly, but never over-familiar; and sincerely enthusiastic and optimistic. Candidates who interview badly tend to be at either end of the spectrum of human behaviour. They are either very shy or over-confident.
42、 They show either a lack of enthusiasm or an excess of it. They either talk too little or never stop talking. They are either over-polite or rudely abrupt. 10 We can infer from the passage that an employer might tolerate his secretarys occasional mistakes, if the latter is _. （ A） direct （ B） cheerf
43、ul （ C） shy （ D） capable 11 According to the passage, people argue over the interview as a selection procedure mainly because they have _. （ A） different selection procedures （ B） different purposes in the interview （ C） different standards for competence （ D） different experiences in interviews 12
44、The purpose of the last paragraph is to indicate _. （ A） a link between success in interview and personality （ B） connections between work abilities and personality （ C） differences in interview experience （ D） differences in personal behaviour 二、 SECTION B In this section there are five short answe
45、r questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided. 13 In what situation are contingency plans not suitable? 14 What does “stance“ mean in the last paragraph? 15 What is the authors attitude towards the 35-hour week policy? 16 What
46、kind of workers do not have the privilege of health care? 17 What does the author think about personality, character and social ability by describing them as “intangible“? 专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 116答案与解析 一、 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For e
47、ach question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第 3段首句是该段的主题句，主题是 “dividers”，作者认为，分配给各项工作的时间界限要分明，第 3句中提到的 punching a clock就是为了说明这个观点，可见 punching a clock的功能就是让人明确什么时间该做什么工作， A与这个意思最为相近，为本题答案。 【知识模块】 阅读
48、 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 倒数第 2段第 1句开头的 Some和第 3句开头的 Others表明第 1、2句和第 3句是并列的成份，但讲述 的内容相反，第 3句表明另外的一些雇主觉得有第二份职业的员工对公司来说是有用的资源，因为这些雇员有 wider variety of experience，由此可见， C最能表达这些雇主的想法。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 倒数第 2段先分析 boss的类型，最后一段第 2句提出建议：不管boss属于哪种类型，都别告诉他们你在做公事以外的工作，由此可见，这两段围绕 “该说多少 ”的问题，因此， B是最好的标题。 A和
49、 D都没有包括有关 “boss”的内容，肯定不能选； C最具干扰性；虽然倒 数第 2段提到了 boss的类型，但这是为了为下一段第 2句的 the general rule作铺垫，而且这两段并没有提到 “how to identify”，最后一段也暗示不用管 boss属于哪种类型。因此， C也不正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 文章开头说明工人为争取 “the shorter working week”罢工游行，并且获得成功。紧接着加以补充 “Employers gave way because in Germany sweating capital investment had traditionally been the way German managers sustained high productivity ”其中， “sweating”在此处含义为 “to overwork and underpay(employees)”。所以正确答案为 A。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 紧接
