1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 177及答案与解析 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1) The government has launched its consultation on b
2、etter measures of child poverty, but it really has to be asked, better for whom? This is a government that looks set to preside over a truly dramatic increase in child poverty. The Institute for Fiscal Studies projects that after a decade of steady reductions in child poverty rates, 300,000 more chi
3、ldren will be living in poverty in the U. K. by 2015. Big cuts to tax credits, a three-year freeze in child benefit, uprating out-of-work benefits using CPI rather than the more generous RPI all will make vulnerable families poor over the course of this parliament. (2) So what does the government do
4、 about it? Rather than review its policies and ask how it can seek to fulfill its legal commitments under the Child Poverty Act 2010, it launches a consultation on the way that child poverty is measured. (3) Poverty is a complex phenomenon and no single indicator can fully capture the condition. The
5、 CPA 2010 recognizes this, urging governments to make progress against four specific measures: relative poverty, absolute poverty, material deprivation and persistent poverty. Alongside this, we also track numerous other indicators of child well-being in the U. K. such as educational achievement, he
6、alth outcomes and subjective experience. (4) Both Iain Duncan Smith and David Laws sought to convince the audience at the launch of the consultation that the government was not in retreat from the income measures contained in the CPA 2010. But in truth, the consultation document is peppered with dig
7、s at the relative measure, suggesting that changes to this indicator do not tell us anything meaningful about “real“ poverty. (5) The consultation also seeks to dilute the relevance of income by developing a “ multidimensional indicator“ of child poverty. This indicator will blend together measures
8、of worklessness, unmanageable debt and family stability among others to produce a single headline number that can be tracked over time. (6) At best, the government is combining poverty with its many consequences. At worst, it is simply changing the yardstick against which they will be measured. (7)
9、Consider, for example, the proposal that parental worklessness be a key defining feature of the new child poverty measure. Using current definitions, 60% of children living in poverty today have at least one parent in work. Any measure that insists poverty is about worklessness will simply airbrush
10、these 1.4 million children out of the picture altogether. (8) Equally worryingly, the consultation insists that any new poverty measure must resonate with the public. The latest British Social Attitudes survey shows just how widespread negative views of vulnerable groups in society are, but also mak
11、es clear that much of this shift in public opinion has been caused by current and previous government policies. (9) So, should we expect better measures of child poverty as a result of the consultation? Not better for the children growing up in low-income families for sure. And given the broader cos
12、ts to society of child poverty, not better for anyone else except, perhaps, a government that we suspect may be trying to avoid being held to account. 1 What will NOT lead vulnerable families to poverty according to the first paragraph? （ A） Sharp decline in tax credits. （ B） A three-year freeze in
13、child benefit. （ C） Uprating unemployment benefits. （ D） The adoption of RPI instead of CPI. 2 The multidimensional indicator adopts the following measures EXCEPT_. （ A） educational accomplishment （ B） unemployment （ C） unpayable debt （ D） family stability 3 It can be inferred from the last paragrap
14、h that_. （ A） we can get better measures of child poverty from this consultation （ B） changing the child poverty measures cant help poor children （ C） the government cant benefit from better measures of child poverty （ D） the government avoids taking the responsibility 3 (1) Comedys legendary Monty
15、Python members you know, “Im a lumberjack (伐木工 ) and Im okay,“ the Killer Rabbit, the Dead Parrot were tired of seeing their legendary sketches pirated and fuzzily posted on YouTube, free to whoever wanted a quick laugh. So they posted their own, higher-quality versions on YouTube also freebut let f
16、ans know that complete DVD versions were available for purchase. Sales rose 23,000 percent. “Free worked, and worked brilliantly. People are making lots of money charging nothing. Not nothing for everything, but nothing for enough that we have essentially created a country-sized economy around the p
17、rice of $0. 00. “ Anderson, 48, the editor of Wired magazine, discussed the allure of zero with Jesse Kornbluth. (2) In the 20th century, “free“ meant giving away one thing to create demand for another. Get a free cell phone, for example, by buying a monthly plan. What is “free“ now? (3) Yes, 20th-c
18、entury “free“ was about real objects made of atoms. Real costs were involved, so the consumer paid one way or another. In the 21st century, “free“ is digital bit with marginal costs. For all practical purposes, they really are free. (4) In the digital economy, someone pays, but increasingly its not
19、you. Google and Wikipedia, for example, dont show up on your credit card. So how do you pay? Not with money, but with your time and attention. Some resources, of course, are scarce and getting scarcer; you pay for those. Digital goods and services, because they can be reproduced and distributed at a
20、lmost no cost, are abundant. (5) Once youve given content away on the Web, can you get people to pay? Absolutely. Use “free“ to get aln audience, then segment your user base so you have a free version and a premium one. The Wall Street Journal created a clever hybrid some free articles, some availab
21、le only to paid subscribers. (6) I get the sense that when it comes to news, anyway well soon have two classes of Internet users: 1) people who have money and will pay for quality reporting and analysis, and 2) people who are less well-off or care less about quality and will accept any information t
22、hats free. So the elite will be better informed, and others may get trashier media. (7) Im simply observing what happens in economics when marginal costs fall. In economic terms, “free“ is the| law of gravity. / dont tell the apple to fall; it just falls. I dont tell water to flow downhill; it just
23、does. In that way, its simple; As costs approach zero, “free“ prevails. 4 We can infer from the second and third paragraphs that in the 21st century_. （ A） all information is free （ B） digital economy is the most important （ C） the real “free“ commodity finally shows up （ D） a free cell phone does n
24、ot exist any more 5 It can be inferred from the sentence “/ dont tell the apple to fall; it just falls. “ in the last paragraph that_. （ A） free has been the trend （ B） the apple will fall when it ripens （ C） the fall of apple is a natural phenomenon （ D） all people will have free lunch 6 According
25、to the passage, which one is CORRECT? （ A） Complete DVD versions were all free on YouTube. （ B） The conception of “free“ now is the same as that of the 20th century. （ C） In the digital economy you will pay nothing to get information. （ D） You will pay if you require the quality reporting and analys
26、is. 6 (1) Each of us has abilities, whether physical, mental or social. What most of us dont realize is that teaching these skills to children can help transform their lives. Thats why coaching can have such an enormous impact. For American kids, learning not only a skill but also how to work togeth
27、er is the perfect foundation for their future success. (2) Maybe you dont like athletics or havent pursued them since grade school, but dont give up on coaching just yet. Neither coaching nor teamwork is the exclusive province of sports. The stunning resurgence in the popularity of spelling bees dem
28、onstrates that competition, dedication, and big goals can be part of all childrens lives. In fact, there are all kinds of coaching experiences available that have nothing to do with muscles and games. From debating to building robots to making music, team-oriented programs for kids are exploding, an
29、d they all need people like us to help. (3) Think about your skills. Are you good at chess? Tennis? Maybe you give a speech like Daniel Webster. Then find out what programs are at your local schools, library, or community center that align with your specialty. And if there isnt a program, take the n
30、ext step. For children in areas in which funds are scarce, there arent many activities to choose from at schools or community centers. Stand up for those kids and ask yourself what you can do to create a new “team“ opportunity. (4) Remember also that children who are new to a craft or sport dont nee
31、d a great master, just some guidance. In other words, you dont have to be Tiger Woods to teach golf or Annie Leibowitz to teach photography. You just have to be willing to share yourself. Show a child how to play Scrabble, solve crossword puzzles, debate, care for bonsai (盆景 ), build Lego sculptures
32、, work with papier-mache (纸塑 ), or figure out Rubiks Cube. Theres a tournament out there for just about every skill; why not give a child the thrill of being recognized for a new talent? And yes, coaching baseball, football, basketball, soccer, or any other traditional sport is always an amazing way
33、 to give. (5) We cant emphasize it enough; Our societys obsession with popular culture and video games is often in direct conflict with the values of hard work and collaboration, and ongoing improvement that we so want our children to have. Absent a counterbalance (平衡 抵消物 ), these cultural forces te
34、ach kids to become passive spectators in life. Help children learn that they can achieve anything they set their minds on, and not watch life go by from the lonely isolation of a sofa. 7 According to the author, the American kids_. （ A） have to face their lives impact （ B） cant realize their future
35、success （ C） need to learn how to collaborate （ D） have serious learning problems 8 It can be inferred from Para. 4 that_. （ A） golf and photography skills dont fit children （ B） there must be a tournament for the skill you teach （ C） getting ready to share is the basis of helping children （ D） trad
36、itional sports are neglected by the children now 8 (1) Diamonds, sparkling under an African sun, have an attraction commensurate (相称的 ) with their high price and beauty. For Anglo-American the opportunity to get their hands on some more has proved too much to resist. On November 4th the global minin
37、g giant announced that it would acquire me 40% of De Beers, a company that mines two-fifths of the worlds diamonds, from the Oppenheimer family for $5.1 billion. This takes Anglo-Americans stake in De Beers to 85% ; the rest is owned by the government of Botswana, where the firm digs up its gems. (2
38、) The price looks right. Demand for diamonds has bounced back after the credit crisis in 2008 and the following recession in the rich world. More and more wealthy Indians and Brazilians seem keen to sport a “rock“ to show just how well they are doing. And the shrewd Oppenheimers do not seem to be ge
39、tting out of the business because its future looks bleak. There is apparently no family member who wants to take on diamond mining. Nicky Oppenheimer, De Beerss chairman, foresaw the sale in February when he stood down from the board of Anglo-American. (3) For Anglo-American it resolves the issue of
40、 its non-controlling stake in De Beers. Analysts have long reckoned it should either sell or try to increase its stake. In fact the firm might yet spin off De Beers with an IPO. The terms of the deal allow the Oppenheimers to pocket some more cash from a flotation (发行上市 ) or sale in the next couple
41、of years, suggesting that such an outcome is not unlikely. (4) It would also make sense. Anglo-American is a different beast to the global diversified mining giants that would count as its competitors. It stood apart from the wave of mining mega-mergers over the past decade or so except as a potenti
42、al target. The consolidation and the emergence of huge markets for the worlds resources have propelled BHP Billiton, for instance, to become one of the worlds biggest listed companies. (5) Many would claim that Anglo-American has suffered as a result. Once one of the worlds biggest miners, it now ra
43、nks alongside Xstrata, a company just ten years old, which in 2009 even attempted a nil-premium takeover of Anglo. It also has a significant portion of its assets in South Africa. And unlike its peers it has a large platinum business, as well as all the diamonds. (6) Anglo-Americans recent strategy
44、has been to diversify out of South Africa, where the threat of nationalization, scarcely credible but a fear for investors none the less, hangs over it. Black-empowerment laws, a scarcity of water and electricity as well as an obstinate workforce make it a difficult place to operate. Botswana is far
45、 more accommodating, but it might also make sense to get out of diamonds: it is a business that is more about branding the rocks and less about the savvy (懂行的 ) capital deployment and logistical (物流的 ) know-how that are the hallmarks of the mining business. If that is Anglos eventual aim, then the d
46、eal looks like a smart move. 9 According to Para. 1, Anglo-American_. （ A） would acquire a 40% holding of De Beers （ B） mines two-thirds of the worlds diamonds （ C） will earn $ 5.1 billion from Oppenheimer family （ D） digs up most of its gems in South America 10 According to the passage, which of th
47、e following statements about global mining business is INCORRECT? （ A） Anglo-American has become a mining mega-merger. （ B） BHP Billiton has become one of the biggest listed companies. （ C） Anglo-American was once almost taken over by a company of ten years old. （ D） Xstrata has a business in South
48、Africa both in platinum and diamonds. SECTION B In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided. 11 PASSAGE ONE Why did the girl play basketball over and over again? 11 What is the passag
49、e mainly about? 12 PASSAGE TWO 12 How, according to the author, do you pay in the digital economy? 12 PASSAGE THREE 13 What does the author think of coaching? 14 What can we learn about popular culture from the passage? 15 PASSAGE FOUR 15 What does the word “that“ in the last paragraph indicate? 专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 177答案与解析 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.
