1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 191及答案与解析 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1) Americans often say that there are only two thing
2、s a person can be sure of in life: death and taxes. Americans do not have a corner on the “death“ market, but many people feel that the United States leads the world with the most taxes. (2) Taxes consist of the money which people pay to support their government. There are generally three levels of
3、government in the United States: federal, state, and city; therefore, there are three types of taxes. (3) Salaried people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percen-tage of their salaries to the federal government. The percentage varies from person to person. It depends on t
4、heir salaries. The federal government has a graduated income tax, that is, the percentage of the tax (14 to 70 percent) increases as a persons income increases. With the high cost of taxes, people are not very happy on April 15, when the federal taxes are due. (4) The second tax is for the state gov
5、ernment; New York, California, North Dakota, or any of the other forty-seven states. Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government. Of course, the percentage for the state tax is lower. Other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy
6、in that state. For example, a person might want to buy a packet of cigarettes for twenty-five cents. If there is a sales tax of eight percent in that state, then the cost of the cigarettes is twenty-seven cents. This Figure includes the sales tax. Some states use income tax in addition to sales tax
7、to raise their revenues. The state tax laws are diverse and confusing. (5) The third tax is for the city. This tax comes in two forms: property tax (people who own a home have to pay taxes on it) and excise tax, which is charged on cars in a city. The cities use these funds for education, police and
8、 fire departments, public works and municipal buildings. (6) Since Americans pay such high taxes, they often feel that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes. People always complain about taxes. They often protest that the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way. They
9、say that it spends too much on useless and impractical programs. Although Americans have different views on many issues, they tend to agree on one subject: taxes are too high. 1 What does the sentence “Americans do not have a corner on the death market“ in Para. 1 mean? （ A） Americans cannot monopol
10、ize the “death“ market. （ B） Americans do not have a secret place to escape death in their life. （ C） Americans are not good at doing business in the “death“ market. （ D） There is no such a place as a “death“ market in the U. S. 2 Which of the following is CORRECT about the percentage of the federal
11、 tax and the state tax? （ A） They are the same percentage. （ B） The percentage of the state tax is higher than that of the federal tax. （ C） The percentage of the federal tax is higher than that of the state tax. （ D） It is not mentioned in the passage. 3 Which of the following usages of the taxes i
12、s NOT mentioned in the passage? （ A） For raising their revenues. （ B） For public works and municipal buildings. （ C） For police and fire departments. （ D） For sustaining development. 3 (1) According to the American College Health Associations most recent annual national survey, 30 percent of college
13、 students reported feeling “so depressed that it was difficult to function“ at some time over the past year. Nearly three fourths of respondents in a 2011 National Alliance on Mental Illness study of college students diagnosed with mental health conditions said they experienced a mental health crisi
14、s while in school. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and other federal disability laws prohibit discrimination against students whose psychiatric (精神病的 ) disabilities “substantially limit a major life activity“ and mandates that colleges and universities provide them with “ reasonable accomm
15、odations“ such as lower course loads and extended deadlines. (2) Despite that very clearly stated law, dozens of current students across the country told Newsweek they were punished for seeking help: kicked out of campus housing with nowhere else to go, abruptly forced to withdraw from school and ev
16、en involuntarily committed to psychiatric wards. “Colleges are very accustomed to accommodating learning and physical disabilities, but they dont understand simple ways of accommodating mental health disabilities,“ says Professor Peter Lake, an expert on higher education law and policy who sees wide
17、spread fear and reluctance across the board to “ promote diversity that encompasses mental disabilities and mood disorders. “ Lake often tells skeptics about a man who suffered from clinical depression and constantly talked about suicide: His name was Abraham Lincoln. “ We dont want to remove these
18、people,“ Lake says. “We want to expand the definition of diversity to make sure theyre included. “ (3) Most lifetime cases of mental health conditions begin by the age of 24, and thanks to a variety of factors, including rising antidepressant (抗抑郁药 ) prescription rates and stigma reduction efforts,
19、college students are more and more likely to ask campus counselors for assistance. The number of students seeking counseling for “severe“ psychological problems jumped from 16 percent in 2000 to 39 percent in 2012; the percentage of students who report suicidal thoughts has risen along with it. (4)
20、“ Schools should encourage students to seek treatment. But a lot of policies I see involve excessive use of discipline and involuntary leaves of absence, and they discourage students from asking for the help they need,“ says Karen Bower, a private attorney who specializes in disability discriminatio
21、n cases in higher education. “ Ultimately, that makes the campus less safe. “ (5) Two large-scale studies found that around 10 percent of college student respondents had thought about suicide in the past year, but only 1. 5 percent admitted to having made a suicide attempt. Combined with data from o
22、ther studies, that suggests that the odds that a student with suicidal thoughts will actually commit suicide are 1,000 to 1. “Thus, policies that impose restrictions on students who manifest suicidal thought will sweep in 999 students who would not commit suicide for every student who will end his o
23、r her life,“ Paul S. Appelbaum writes in Law depression-free periods following episodes of depression; unexplained behavior and mood changes. For most other cases of seasonal mood changes, Lieberman says making some lifestyle changes such as exercising or keeping good sleeping habits can help. “Its
24、important to realize that just like people on Mondays have physical and emotional symptoms, you deal with it. You dont take a treatment for Mondays. “ It only warrants treatment when it starts to interfere with daily life, he says. What about the bright light lamps that claim to relieve depression d
25、uring the darker months? Theyre based on the idea that light therapy can boost melatonin (褪黑激素 ) levels, and also serotonin (血清素 ) in the brain higher levels of serotonin between nerve connections can have anti-depressive effects. But as appealing as that sounds, Lieberman says there isnt solid evid
26、ence behind it. “Light therapy is not a fake, but the evidence is not that strong,“ he says. “But since its not invasive, it also isnt harmfulexcept perhaps to your budget. “ So if youre not feeling your usual cheerful self this winter, see your doctor. If he doesnt diagnose you with SAID, try addin
27、g some physical activity to your day and getting regular sleep. And remember that spring is just a few months away. 9 We can learn from the passage that SAD is_. （ A） a common condition among people （ B） a term referring to the winter dumps （ C） a condition not being totally understood （ D） a term o
28、f evolutionary biology 10 According to Para. 5, which of the following is CORRECT? （ A） It is necessary to look for treatment when mood changes. （ B） Exercising is beneficial to seasonal mood changes. （ C） People should keep a good mood on Mondays. （ D） Seasonal mood changes will not interfere with
29、daily life. SECTION B In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided. 11 PASSAGE ONE Why did the girl play basketball over and over again? 11 Whats the attitude of the Americans towards
30、high taxes? 12 PASSAGE TWO 12 What does Ira Burnim think of expelling students with mental health issues from schools? 12 PASSAGE THREE 13 What does the word “serendipitous “ in Para. 8 probably mean? 14 What is the authors attitude towards Charles Krauthammers new book? 15 PASSAGE FOUR 15 What does
31、 the passage mainly talk about? 专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 191答案与解析 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【 正确答案】 A 【试
32、题解析】 语义题。设问句出现在文章第一段第二句，其后为 “but many people feel that the united States leads the world with the most taxes ”，即美国引领税务领域，与设问句有意思上的转折关系，同时 have a comer on sth的意思是“垄断 ”，所以 A为正确答案。 B、 C和 D均是对这句话的曲解，故均可排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节 题。从第四段第三句 “Of course， the percentage for the state tax is lower ”可以
33、判断出，联邦税的比例要比州税的比例大，因此选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推理题。 A“用于增加政府收入 ”、 B“用于公共事业和市政建设 ”、 C“用于警局和消防部门 ”这三项在文章第四、五段中都可以找到。但文中没有提到 D“用于保持发展 ”，所以 D是正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。文章第二段第一句提到，有精神问题的学生会因为寻求帮助而受到惩罚：他们被赶出学校宿舍以至于无处可去，被毫无征兆地勒令退学，甚至被强制送去精神科病房。以上内容分别对应 A、 B和 C，故均排除，因此选 D。 【知识模块
34、】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。根据文章第三段第一句可知，多亏一些因素，包括抗抑郁处方受众率的提高及减少歧视的努力，大学生越来越愿意向咨询师寻求帮助，故选 A，同时排除 B。 C和 D在文中均未提及 ，故可排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理题。文章第五段第二句提到，与其他的研究数据结合起来看，这一差距说明，在有过自杀想法的人中，只有千分之一的人最终自杀了，故选C。 A在文中并未提及，故排除；根据第五段第一句可知，有大约 10的大学生受访者曾想过自杀，同时，仅有 1 5的人坦然承认曾有过自杀的尝试，故排除 B； D在文中并未提及，故排除。
35、【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。根 据文章第七段第二句可知，近几年，保守派出版市场变得繁荣起来，保守派作家的书时常登上畅销书榜单，所以 D“保守派作者的作品鲜少登上畅销榜单 ”的表述错误，而且这也不是贝娄的观点，故选 D。根据文章第三段可知，贝娄称该文集的畅销已经成为一种现象，故排除 A；根据第六段首句可知，贝娄对于文集的畅销感到惊讶，故排除 B；根据第六段最后一句可知，贝娄认为，出版界的集体经验是，文集的销路不会太好，故排除 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推理题。文章第九段第二句中贝娄 解释到：当这本书成为最
36、畅销的作品时，这一事实如同广告的效果一样。由此可知，成为畅销书这一事实本身就可以引发关注，故选 B。 A“成功与广告有着密切的关系 ”，文中没有提及，故排除；根据第九段后半部分可知， Barnes Noble是一家书店，故排除 C； D“消费者依据 B F斯金纳的建议买书 ”，文中未提及，故排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。文章第二段提到， SAD是一种没有被完全理解的精神障碍，也是被进化生物学的作用复杂化 了的问题，故选 C，同时排除 D。根据第二段第一句可知， SAD经常泛指冬季低谷期，但是，专家称这个概念常被错误地使用，这种情况实
37、际上并没有人们想象的那么普遍，故排除 A和 B。 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。文章第五段第一句提到，对于季节性情绪变化的很多其他案例来说，尝试一些生活方式的改变也有所帮助，比如锻炼、保持良好的睡眠习惯。由此可知，锻炼对于减轻季节性情绪变化有好处，故选 B。根据第五段最后一句可知，当其开始影响日常生活的时候，才需要治疗， 故排除 A； C和 D文中没有提及，故均排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 SECTION B In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages
38、in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided. 11 【正确答案】 Complaining and protesting 【试题解析】 从文章第三段最后一句 “With the high cost of taxes ， people are not very happy on April 15， when the federal taxes are due ”和最后一段中的 “People always complain about taxes They often pr
39、otest that” 可以看出，美国人常常抱怨高额税务，并抗议政府乱花纳税人的钱，因此 “Complaining and protesting ”为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 12 【正确答案】 It will make these students lack support 【试题解析】 文章最后一段提到，艾拉 -伯尼姆认为把精神健康有问题的学生踢出学校的做法弊大于利，这就把他们隔离于可以提供支援的系统之外，他们真正需要的是安定感和同理心。而且，这常常是一种完全没有必要的过度反应。故 “It will make these students lack support ”为正确答案。 【
40、知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 13 【正 确答案】 Incidental 【试题解析】 文章第八段开头提到，没有几本书的销量可以和克劳特哈默的作品相提并论，尤其是与之前的文集相比。紧接着提到，贝娄说： “这一水平的任何事物在很大程度上 ” 可见， serendipitous在这里应该表达 “偶然的 ”之意，故“Incidental ”为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 14 【正确答案】 Neutral 【试题解析】 纵观全文可知，本篇文章讲述的是保守派作家的新书重要事情的良好市场表现及其原因，但是从行文来看，作者的态度不偏不倚 ，比较客观，故 “Neutral ”为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 15 【正确答案】 The truth about seasonal affective disorder 【试题解析】 本文依次讲述了 SAD的基本状况、诊断依据和治疗手段，由此可知，本文主旨是对 SAD真实情况的科学普及，故 “The truth about seasonal affective disorder ”为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读
