1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 49及答案与解析 0 The poor old consumer! Hed have to pay a great deal more if advertising didnt create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sel
2、l goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy
3、a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement. Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun
4、 they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway bylaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely-printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty
5、advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenu
6、e. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! Another thing we mustnt forget is the “small ads“, which are in virtually every ne
7、wspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the “hatch, match and dispatch“
8、 column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or “agony“ column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. Its the best advertisement for advertising there is! 1 We are different from the old consumers in that （
9、 A） we have cheap goods because of heavy advertising. （ B） we know to inform is one of the functions of advertising. （ C） we have much knowledge about household goods. （ D） we believe the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. 2 What does advertising do with the products we already know about
10、? （ A） To introduce their new functions. （ B） To compare them with new products of me same sort. （ C） To tell that they are still available. （ D） To correct any impropriate information about them. 3 The railway bylaws most probably refer to （ A） newspapers published by railway company. （ B） lengthy
11、regulations of the railway company. （ C） boring advertisements about useless products. （ D） cheerful and witty advertisements on the station. 4 By saying that “advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets“, the author means that （ A） advertisements are informative. （ B） advertisements ar
12、e entertaining. （ C） advertisements save money for consumers. （ D） advertisements serve the whole community. 5 Which of the following statements is true about the “agony“ column? （ A） It is classified as a kind of “small ads“. （ B） It is included in the “hatch, match and dispatch“ column. （ C） It ma
13、inly consists of distressful news. （ D） It provides most helpful advertisements for households. 5 Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearers background, per
14、sonality, status, mood, and social outlook. Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate peoples impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-class m
15、an or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the persons education, background, or interests. People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits,
16、including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an act
17、ive role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to
18、 gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview or a court appearance. In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about
19、the appropriate mixture of “masculine“ and “feminine“ attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when th
20、e women display less “feminine“ grooming shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she wont get a job.“ 6 The author believes that we can use clothes to （ A） lead ot
21、hers to believe we are who we appear to be. （ B） make a correct judgment on peoples personalities. （ C） improve our social status. （ D） influence peoples mood. 7 The phrase “agree on“(Line 1, Para. 3)can best be replaced by “_“. （ A） sing high praise of （ B） be influenced by （ C） be unanimous in （ D
22、） follow the example of 8 It is commonly agreed that （ A） newscasters should be conservative. （ B） college students play an active role in interpersonal relationships. （ C） clothes enables people to be confident. （ D） job interviews and court appearances are stressful situations. 9 By saying that “i
23、t has been otherwise for women“, the author means that （ A） women couldnt achieve success as easily as men. （ B） women dont have a well-defined dress code. （ C） women have to merge “masculine“ attributes into clothing. （ D） women enjoy more freedom in the choice of clothing. 10 According to the last
24、 paragraph, male administrators tend- to hire （ A） a woman without feminine attributes. （ B） a woman with a masculine appearance. （ C） a woman with some masculine attributes. （ D） an attractive and femininely-dressed woman. 10 Current poll numbers indicate Obama has a chance at winning the Democrati
25、c presidential nomination, and would be a serious contender in the November general election. Throughout his campaign, the senator has insisted that his race is irrelevant to his bid for the White House. Hoover Institution senior fellow and prize-winning author Shelby Steele disagrees. Steele says t
26、hat despite Obama supporters assertions that race does not matter, it is at the very core of his candidacy. “Obamas campaign pretends to transcend race,“ Steele says, “but the paradox is that his campaign is all about race and very little else.“ According to Steele, the United States has not eradica
27、ted the twin specters of racism and “white guilt“ over slavery. Steele contends that, despite outward appearances of competence and prominence, most African-Americans who have found success in mainstream America politicians in particular have adopted one of two “masks“: that of the bargainer or that
28、 of a challenger. Steele has declared Obama a “bargainer,“ someone who, to gain acceptance from whites, is willing to avoid addressing Americas history of racism. “Challengers,“ such as Jackson and Sharpton, obtain power by wielding racial stigma to elicit guilt from whites. The confrontational styl
29、e of challengers, as evidenced by Jacksons and Sharptons failed campaigns, tends to alienate most mainstream voters. Steele posits that adopting such masks prevents minorities from evolving an “individual self.“ Steele believes the major challenge facing minorities today is not to concede to predete
30、rmined racial roles but rather to “achieve visibility as an individual.“ Hoover senior fellow Victor Davis Hanson believes that politicians who continually dig up past recriminations to excuse or explain away their own arguably racist attitudes and behaviors are missing “yet another opportunity to t
31、alk honestly about race, to hold all Americans to the same standards of public ethics and morality, and to emphasize that no one gets a pass peddling vulgar racism.“ Likewise, Hoover senior fellow Thomas Sowell contends that politicians who allege racism and inequality to be the root cause for every
32、 perceived social injustice actually end up promoting division and hopelessness among their constituents. “Why,“ Sowell asks, “should young blacks be expected to work to meet educational standards, or even behavioral standards, if they believe the message that all their problems are caused by whites
33、, that the deck is stacked against them?“ 11 Obama claimed that he didnt want to relate _ to the general election. （ A） his origin （ B） the issue of racism （ C） his identity （ D） the presidential nomination campaign 12 According to Shelby Steele, Obamas campaign （ A） shows much respect to the blacks
34、 as a race. （ B） advocates anti-racism as his guideline. （ C） takes advantage of his being black. （ D） pretends to support anti-racism. 13 Most mainstream voters tend to （ A） shun the history of racism. （ B） uphold “white guilt“ over slavery. （ C） disagree with Shelby Steeles findings. （ D） elect a
35、competent and prominent candidate. 14 In regard to the racial issue, Victor Davis Hanson is most likely to _ Shelby Steele. （ A） disapprove of （ B） be suspicious about （ C） be appreciative of （ D） correspond to 15 Thomas Sowell most probably agrees that （ A） racism is the cause of every social injus
36、tice. （ B） blacks should not attribute their problems to whites. （ C） blacks dont have to meet the educational standards. （ D） the voters will become divided and hopeless. 15 Who has never heard of King David? There are probably not too many Christians who have not heard of King David. What many Chr
37、istians probably do not realize is that, until recently, other than Davids occurrence in the Bible, there has never been actual proof that he ever existed. Over the years this has given fuel to certain groups wishing to view the Bible as a huge trip into the allegorical. However, all of this changed
38、 in 1993. Recently, your author learned for the first time what I am going to attempt to tell about here. You might think that given your faith, it doesnt really matter whether there is proof of David or not. But think for a moment of the implications of our Bible being definitively proven by actual
39、 physical evidence. It would be like having your cake, and someone putting icing on it! In 1993(as told in the March/April 1994 issue of Biblical Archaeology Review), Avraham Biran and his team of archaeologists unearthed a piece of stone with fragments of writing on it. In the writings was the word
40、s “House of David“. It was the first mention of David in ancient inscription outside the Bible. The fragment was found at Tel Dan which lies by the head waters of the Jordan River, near Israels northern border. The large piece of basalt was part of what must have been a large monumental inscription.
41、 It contains 13 lines, but no single line is complete. The surviving letters are clear, however. Line 9 contains the words “House of David“. After the complete translation, it was determined that the fragment was part of a victory stela erected in Dan by an Aramean boasting a military victory over t
42、he House of David. Many questions are raised as well as many possibilities upon comparing the fragment with the Biblical history. For instance the victory of the Aramean would conflict with the episode in the Bible. However as BAR points out, there were probably many battles and not all were recorde
43、d in the Bible. We do know that Israel must have regained control of Dan. This find would perhaps seem simple and to the point, but that is far from the truth. The find began a debate in earnest. Immediately following the find, many came forward to state that the stone did not actually mention the “
44、House of David.“ Along with this claim came the accusation that those believing that it did mention David were “Biblical Maximizers.“ The arguing was fast and furious. The debate inspired letters to the editors displaying the anger, emotion, and dismay from Christians. How could this new proof be de
45、nied? While the verbal debate raged, researchers and scientists quietly built a case on the very evidence the naysayers demanded. Another scholar, Andre Lemaire wrote an article in BAR stating that there was another mention of David in an earlier find. It was called the Mesha Stela proclaiming victo
46、ry for the Moabite king Mesha over the Israelites. Then in the Impact section of our own The State in December of last year, an article appeared proclaiming that scientists have found that the Bible is built on facts as well as faith. Many fragments have been found in the same area, all mentioning D
47、avid. Finally, scholars have reached the consensus that David was real, something many of us have never doubted, even before the stelas were found. Although scholars are not ready to admit the Bible is historically true across the board, they are willing to concede that the “Bible has a sound histor
48、ical core.“ One thing is certain, these finds dont only have repercussions in a religious sense, they reach into many domains political, personal faith, historical. I cant say in learning about these finds that my faith has grown any stronger, I can say that I have a new appreciation for the Bible a
49、s an accurate historical record as well as a basis of faith. 16 King Davids only occurrence in the Bible has prompted some people to regard the Bible as （ A） the most sacred book. （ B） merely a storybook. （ C） a spiritual journey. （ D） a record of history. 17 According to the second paragraph, the first mention of David outside the Bible was found （ A） on a monument. （ B） outside Davids house. （ C） about Davids victory in a war. （ D） in the Jordan River. 18 What is the correct description of the “naysayers“? （ A） They feel doubtful
