1、北京大学考博英语模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 on the first day when a pupil enters school, he is asked to _ to the school rules. （ A） concede （ B） conform （ C） comply （ D） confront 2 once the _ contradiction is grasped, all problems will be readily solved. （ A） principle （ B） principal （ C） pot
2、ential （ D） primitive 3 If you want to go to the concert, youll have to make a _ ,or there will be no tickets. （ A） reservation （ B） punctuality （ C） compliment （ D） clarity 4 I arrive at nine oclock, teach until twelve thirty and then have a meal; that is my morning _ . （ A） habit （ B） custom （ C）
3、practice （ D） routine 5 David _ his companys success to the unity of all the staff and their persevering hard work. （ A） attributed （ B） contributed （ C） acknowledged （ D） pledged 6 Youve been talking with David all evening when you ought to be _ with other guests. （ A） blending （ B） integrating （ C
4、） mingling （ D） incorporating 7 I asked my mother if I could go out, and she _ . （ A） descended （ B） contented （ C） consented （ D） ascended 8 The room is so _ with furniture that it is hard to move about. （ A） muddled （ B） cluttered （ C） distributed （ D） scattered 9 Cant you speak more _ to your par
5、ents? （ A） respectably （ B） respectingly （ C） respectively （ D） respectfully 10 Some _ good luck brought us nothing but trouble. （ A） seemingly （ B） satisfactorily （ C） uniformly （ D） universally 11 Sometimes children have trouble _ fact from fiction and may believe that such things actually exist.
6、（ A） to separate （ B） separating （ C） for separating （ D） of separating 12 Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used _ ate for his lecture. （ A） to have students （ B） for students being （ C） for students to be （ D） to students being 13 Its no use _ me not to worry. （ A） you tell （ B） y
7、our telling （ C） for you to have told （ D） having told 14 _ all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen. （ A） At （ B） In （ C） For （ D） on 15 The children prefer camping in the mountains _ an indoor activity. （ A） to （ B） than （ C） for （ D） with 16 _ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed
8、 up and drifted to the South. （ A） To be free （ B） To free （ C） Freeing （ D） Freed 17 _ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home. （ A） Until （ B） Before （ C） From （ D） Since 18 _ enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in th
9、is field. （ A） Giving （ B） To give （ C） Given （ D） Being given 19 Not only _ us light, but also it gives us heat （ A） the sun gives （ B） the sun does give （ C） gives the sun （ D） does the sun give 20 _ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German e
10、conomy actually is. （ A） To give （ B） Given （ C） Giving （ D） Having given 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 Gene therapy and gene-based drugs are two ways we could benefit from our growing mastery of genetic science. But there will be others as well. Here is one of the remarkable therapies on the cutting
11、edge of genetic research that could make their way into mainstream medicine in the coming years. While its true that just about every cell in the body has the instructions to make a complete human, most of those instructions are inactivated, and with good reason r the last thing you want for your br
12、ain cells is to start churning out stomach acid or your nose to turn into a kidney. The only time cells truly have the potential to turn into any and all body parts is very early in a pregnancy, When so-called stem cells havent begun to specialize. Yet this untapped potential could be a terrific boo
13、n to medicine. Most diseases involve the death of healthy cells-brain cells in Alzheimers, cardiac cells in heart disease, pancreatic cells in diabetes, to name a few ff doctors could isolate stem cells, then direct their growth, they might be able to furnish patients with healthy replacement tissue
14、. It was incredibly difficult, but last fall scientists at the University of Wisconsin managed to isolate stem cells and get them to grow into neural, gut, muscle and bone cells. The process still cant be controlled, and may have unforeseen limitations; but if efforts to understand and master stem-c
15、ell development prove successful, doctors will have a therapeutic tool of incredible power. The same applies to cloning, which is really just the other side of the coin; true cloning, as first shown with the sheep Dolly two years ago, involves taking a developed cell and reactivating the genome with
16、in, resetting its developmental instructions to a pristine state. Once that happens, the rejuvenated cell can develop into a full-fledged animal, genetically identical to its parent. For agriculture, in which purely physical characteristics like milk production in a cow or low fat in a hog have real
17、 market value, biological carbon copies could become routine within a few years. This past year scientists have done for mice and cows what Ian Wilmut did for Dolly, and other creatures are bound to join the cloned menagerie in the coming year. Human cloning, on the other hand, may be technically fe
18、asible but legally and emotionally more difficult. Still, one day it will happen. The ability to reset body cells to a pristine, undeveloped state could give doctors exactly the same advantages they would get from stem cells: the potential to make healthy body tissues of all sorts, and thus to cure
19、disease. That could prove to be a true “miracle cure“. 21 The writer holds that the potential to make healthy body tissues will _ . （ A） aggravate moral issues of human cloning. （ B） bring great benefits to human beings. （ C） help scientists decode body instructions. （ D） involve employing surgical
20、instruments. 22 The word “rejuvenated“ (Para. 5) most probably means _ . （ A） modified. （ B） re-collected. （ C） classified. （ D） reactivated. 23 The research at the University of Wisconsin is mentioned to show _ . （ A） the isolation of stem cells. （ B） the effects of gene therapies. （ C） the advanta
21、ges of human cloning. （ D） the limitations of tissue replacements. 24 Which of the following is true according to the text? （ A） The principle of gene therapy is applicable to that of cloning. （ B） The isolation of stem cells is too difficult to be feasible. （ C） It is reasonable for all body instru
22、ctions to be activated. （ D） Cloned animals will eventually take control of the world. 24 What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be; such consensus cannot be gained from societys present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought
23、to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homers epics informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to
24、be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies. Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a co
25、untry of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial, narcissistic personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus
26、 that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In this study of narcissism, Christopher Lash says that modern man, “tortured by self-consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to liv
27、e for“. There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose. Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as are found in totalitarian societies, our culture is one of the great individual differences, at least in p
28、rinciple and in theory; but this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just because our is a society based on individual diversity, it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are
29、 to have consensus, it must be based on a myth-a vision about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks. only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to examine our pl
30、ace in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such myths help to ward off feelings of isolations, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness-in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social
31、 standards and values. 25 In the eyes of the author, the greatest trouble with the US society may lie in _ （ A） the non-existence of consensus on the forms of the society should take. （ B） the lack of divergence over the common organizations of social life. （ C） the non-acceptance of a society based
32、 on individual diversity. （ D） the pervasive distress caused by national morale decline. 26 The asocial personality of Americans may stem from _ （ A） the absence of a common religion and ancestry. （ B） the multiracial constituents of the US society. （ C） the want of a shared myths they possess in li
33、fe. （ D） the counterbalance to narcissistic personality. 27 Homers epics is mentioned in Paragraph 1 in order to _ （ A） exemplify the contributions made by ancient poets. （ B） illustrate the role of shared fantasies about society. （ C） show an ideal stage of eternal social progress. （ D） make known
34、myths of what a society ought to be. 27 The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the US economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization. Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age. According to the rece
35、ntly issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century. Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the population, acc
36、ording to the US Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older skilled workers employed, even part time, would increase US economic output and strengthen the tax b
37、ase; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely. Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax rates as hi
38、gh as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits. Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and
39、 benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increase in 401 (k) and K
40、eogh retirement plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances, there is evidence that baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater financial assets than previous generations. The Hudson institute advocates reforming government policies that now discourage wo
41、rk and savings, especially for older worker. Among the reports recommendations: Tax half of all Social Security benefits. regardless of other income; provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65; and permit workers nearing retirement to negotiate compensation packages that may include a lower
42、salary but with greater healthcare benefits. However, it may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken must be allowed to prolong the serviceability of older experienced workers. 28 According to Hudson Institut
43、e researchers, the effect of the early retirement of qualified workers in the U. S. economy is _ （ A） constructive. （ B） significant. （ C） inconclusive. （ D） detrimental. 29 The older experienced workers in America tend to retire early because their prolonged service may _ （ A） do harm to younger ge
44、nerations. （ B） end up with few or no benefits. （ C） give play to their potentials. （ D） shed light on social trends. 30 The second paragraph is written chiefly to show that _ （ A） there will be an acute labor shortage in the near future. （ B） baby-boomers contribute much to the US economic output.
45、（ C） government policies concerning older people are out-dated. （ D） alder workers are enthusiastic about collecting social benefits. 三、 English-Chinese Translation 30 The greatest results in life are attained by simple means, and the exercise of ordinary qualities. The common life of every day, wit
46、h its cares, necessities, and duties, affords ample opportunity for acquiring experience of the best kind; and【 51】 its most beaten paths provide the true worker with abundant scope for effort and room for self-improvement.【 52】 The road of human welfare lies along he old highway of steadfast well-d
47、oing; and they who are the most persistent, and work in the truest spirit, will usually be the most successful. Fortune has often been blamed for her blindness; but fortune is not so blind as men are. 【 53】 Those who look into practical life will find that fortune is usually on the side of the indus
48、trious, as he winds and waves are on the side of the best navigators. In the pursuit of even the highest branches of human inquiry, the commoner qualities are found the most useful - such as common sense, attention, application, and perseverance. Genius may not be necessary, though even genius of th
49、e highest sort does not disdain the use of these ordinary qualities.【 54】 The very greatest men have been among the least believers in the power of genius, and as worldly wise and persevering as successful men of the commoner sort.【 55】 Some have even defined genius to be only common sense intensifies. A distinguished teacher and resident of a college spoke of it as the power of making efforts. John Foster held it to be the
