1、北京理工大学考博英语模拟试卷 8及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Security and commodity exchanges are trading posts where people meet who wish to buy and sell. The exchanges themselves do no trading,they merely provide a place where prospective buyers and sellers can meet and conduct their business. Wall Street,al
2、though the best known,is not home of exchanges in the United States. There are the cotton exchanges in New Orleans and Chicago; the Mercantile Exchange which deals in many farm products in Chicago; and grain exchanges in many of the large cities of the Midwest. Some exchanges,like Chicago Board of T
3、rade,provide market services for several kinds of products. These trading posts where products may be brought or sold are called commodity exchanges. The security exchanges,on the other hand,are meeting places where stocks and bonds are traded. Like the commodity exchanges,they help serve the econom
4、ic life of the country. But when their operations get out of hand,they may become very dangerous. In 1929,the security exchange,or stock market,contributed to a crash-a sudden sharp decline in the value of securities. Many people lost fortunes; many corporations were bankrupted; many workers lost th
5、eir jobs. The crash of 1929 has been attributed to many causes,among them wild and unwise speculation by many people and dishonest practices on the part of some business and of some members of the exchanges. Today,however,investing through security exchanges and trading on commodity exchanges has be
6、en made safer by regulations set up by the exchanges themselves and by regulations of the United States government. In 1922,the government instituted the Commodity Exchange Commission which operates through the Department of agriculture; and in 1934,the Securities Exchange Commission,to protect inve
7、stors and the public against dishonest practices on the exchanges. 1 Security and commodity exchanges are meeting places for buyers and sellers of_. （ A） stocks （ B） securities （ C） products （ D） all of the above 2 A sudden,sharp decline in the value of securities is called_. （ A） a trade （ B） specu
8、lation （ C） investment （ D） a crash 3 Which of the following is the reason for the Crash in 1929? （ A） High taxation for trade. （ B） Tricks of some businessman. （ C） Speculation of some people. （ D） Strict regulation of the state. 4 Investing in securities has been safer by the_. （ A） Chicago Mercan
9、tile Exchange （ B） Chicago Board of Trade （ C） Securities Exchange Commission （ D） Commodity Exchange 5 The passage suggests that_. （ A） buying and selling securities is dishonest （ B） investing in securities is unwise （ C） some exchanges provide market services for several kinds products （ D） the g
10、overnment has been playing an important role in controlling dishonest practices on the exchanges 5 The energy crisis,which is being felt around the world,has dramatized how the careless use of the earths resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The over-development of motor tr
11、ansport,with its increase of more cars,more highways,more pollution,more suburbs,more commuting, has contributed to the near destruction of our cities. The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisis. Our present situation is unlike war,revolution or depression. Worldwide resources exploit
12、ation and energy use have brought us to a state where long range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state,which endangers the future of our country,our children,and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively
13、on planetary problems. This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enou
14、gh to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly. This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation wit
15、h all the other inhabitants of this planet,who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course,to change that course and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity. To grasp it
16、 we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis confronting usand the world is a crisis that is no passing inconvenience, no byproduct of the ambitions of the oil producing countries, no environmentalists mere fears,no by product of any present system of government. What we face is the o
17、utcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life style. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology,but its acceptance depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the worlds children and future generation. 6 Wh
18、ich condition does the author feel has nearly destroyed our cities? （ A） Lack of financial planning （ B） The breakup of the family （ C） Natural disasters in many regions （ D） The excessive growth of motors 7 The author in the second paragraph states what we need in our present situation is_. （ A） a
19、continuation of our present serious state （ B） worldwide resources exploitation and energy use （ C） a movement forward to a new norm to planet research work （ D） a state where long range planning is essential to us 8 According to the author,what is one example of our loss of morality? （ A） Disregard
20、 for law （ B） Lack of devotion （ C） Lack of cooperation （ D） Exploitation of resources 9 By comparing past problems with present ones,the author draws attention to the_. （ A） significance of this crisis （ B） inadequacy of governments （ C） similarity of the past to the present （ D） hopelessness of th
21、e situation 10 According to the last paragraph,what contribution does the author feel people must now make? （ A） Search for new energy sources （ B） Outlaw motor transportation （ C） Accept a new life style （ D） Adopt a new form of government 10 Futurists have identified two changes that seem to be ce
22、ntral to contemporary social life. First,the United States is being restructured from an industrial to an information society. Second, modern societies are increasingly shifting from a national to a global economy. Futurists have applied a good many metaphors to these changes,including Daniel Bells
23、“postindustrial society“,Alvin Toffiers “the third wave“ and John Naisbitts “megatrends“. Common to these metaphors is the notion that American society is shifting from the production of goods to the production of services and from society based on the coordination of people and machines to a societ
24、y organized around knowledge. These changes, it is contended, will afford a myriad of choices. The world will increasingly be one of many flavors,not just vanilla (香草 ) or chocolate. Many observers of contemporary American life believe that we are witnessing a historical change and the first major i
25、mpact of the shift from an energy economy to an information economy. For 300 years technology has been cast in a mechanical model,one based on the combustion processes that go on inside a star like the sun. The steam engine opened the mechanical age,and it reached its peak with the discovery of nucl
26、ear fission and nuclear fusion,which replicated the energy producing processes of a star. We now seem to be moving toward a biological model based on information and involving the intensive use of materials. Although biological processes need physical energy and materials,they tend to substitute inf
27、ormation for both. Biological processes “miniaturize“ size,energy,and materials by “exploding“ information. The human brain is some ten times the size and weight of the brain of a lemur,but it handles a billion times more information. As a result,high tech industries are information intensive rather
28、 than energy or material intensive. Sociologists have played and will continue to play an important role in assessing and interpreting these developments and other aspects of change. 11 It can be inferred that underlying the two changes is the change of_. （ A） the instrument of production （ B） the s
29、ize of the society （ C） the social structure （ D） the economic market 12 With what does the mechanical age reach its highest point? （ A） The steam engine （ B） Nuclear power production （ C） The combustion process （ D） The energy producing process of the sun 13 With the coming of the information age,t
30、he society is becoming_. （ A） more intolerable （ B） larger （ C） more varied （ D） a more pleasant place 14 What characterizes the information society? （ A） The amount of knowledge to be learned （ B） Physical energy and materials （ C） Rapid change and its social effects （ D） Small size and high capaci
31、ty 15 What is the attitude of the author towards the function of sociologists in the great changes? （ A） Critical （ B） Positive （ C） Negative （ D） Indifferent 15 In the past oysters were raised in much the same way as dirt farmers raised tomatoes-by transplanting them. First,farmers selected the oys
32、ter bed,cleared the bottom of old shells and other remains,and then scattered clean shells about. Next they “planted“ fertilized oyster eggs,which within two or three weeks hatched into larvae. The larvae drifted until they attached themselves to the clean shells on the bottom. There they remained a
33、nd in time grew into baby oysters called seed or spat (贝卵 ). The spat grew larger by drawing in seawater from which they derived microscopic particles of food. Before long,farmers gathered the baby oysters,transplanted them in other waters to speed up their growth,and then transplanted them once mor
34、e into another body of water to fatten them up. Until recently the supply of wild oysters and those crudely farmed were more than enough to satisfy peoples needs. But today the delicious seafood is no longer available in abundance. The problem has become so serious that some oyster beds have vanishe
35、d entirely. Fortunately,as far back as the early 1900s marine biologists realized that if new measures were not taken,oysters would become extinct or at best a luxury food. So they set up well-quipped hatcheries and went to work. But they did not have the proper equipment or the skill to handle the
36、eggs. They did not know when,what,and how to feed the larvae. And they knew little about the predators that attacked and ate baby oysters by the millions. They failed,but they doggedly (努力 ) kept at it. Finally,in the 1940s a significant breakthrough was made. The marine biologists discovered that b
37、y raising the temperature of the water,they could induce oysters to lay eggs not only in the summer but also in the fall,winter,and spring. Later they developed a technique for feeding the larvae and rearing them to spat. Going still further,they succeeded in breeding new strains that were resistant
38、 to diseases,grew faster and larger,and flourished in water of different salinities (盐分 ) and temperatures. In addition,the cultivated oysters tasted better! 16 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? （ A） The Threatened Extinction of Marine Life （ B） The Cultivation of Oyste
39、rs （ C） The Discoveries Made by Marine Biologists （ D） The Varieties of Wild Oysters 17 At what stage of oysters did farmers begin to speed up their growth and fatten them up in the past? （ A） Shell （ B） Egg （ C） Larvae （ D） Spat 18 According to the passage,which of the following words best describe
40、s the efforts of the marine biologists working with oysters? （ A） Persistent （ B） Intermittent （ C） Traditional （ D） Fruitless 19 In the passage,the author mentions that the new strains of oyster are_. （ A） cheaper （ B） shaped differently （ C） better textured （ D） healthier 20 Which of the following
41、 best describes the organization of the passage? （ A） Step by step description of the evolution of marine biology （ B） Discussion of chronological events concerning oyster production （ C） Random presentation of facts about oysters （ D） Description of oyster production at different geographic locatio
42、ns 二、 English-Chinese Translation 21 There has never been perfect happiness. The perfect status of human beings does not exist. Whatever else happiness may be, it lies neither in possession nor achievement, but in the pursuing process. We should always keep in mind that we are not born to enjoy happ
43、iness, but to strive for it. Happiness lies in pursuing itself, and in the meaningful things that we struggle our lives for, from which we obtain enlight-enment. That is to say, happiness lies in the process of pursuing. To evaluate a nation is neither in? what it possessed nor what it wants to poss
44、ess, but in what it wishes to pursue and what it is pursing. 三、 Chinese-English Translation 22 如果你是那种看着别人的生活就羡慕，对自己的生活提不起精神的人，也许你需要把握生活，做些改变。很多人每天从早到晚做同样的事情，对现状感到非常满足并很快乐。但是，如果你觉得自己的潜能被浪费，内心深处渴望更活跃刺激的生活，你就需要采取一些积极的行动。 你会觉得如果你处在另一种环境，你肯定会掌握好局面，为更宏大目标而努力。如果你真这样想过，那就不应该被无法改变的现状所难倒，不要为自己为什么不开始行动找借口，也不要为
45、自己找为什么不去 充分发挥潜能的理由了。 如果人满腹激情，也有能力干一番事业，就不要浪费自己的才能。停止抱怨命运掌握在自己手里 !现在该是停止自欺欺人、认识到岸上的安全可能要比你所想的更具有破坏性的时候了。 四、 Writing 23 Nowadays with the development of economy,existing cities are growing bigger and new cities are appearing. What do you think is ONE of the major problems that may result from this pro
46、cess of urbanization? Write an essay of about 300 words on the topic given below. ONE MAJOR PROBLEM IN THE PROCESS OF URBANIZATION In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement,and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In th
47、e last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content,organization,grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 北京理工大学考博英语模拟试卷 8答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题
48、的四个选项中，只有 D项为正确答案。这可从文中的 “These trading posts where products maybe brought or sold are called commodity exchanges ”和 “The security exchanges， on the other hand， are meeting places where stocks and bonds are traded ”推知。 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题的四个选项中 ，只有 D项为正确答案。这可从文中的 “In 1929， the security exchange， or
49、 stockmarket， contributed to a crash-a sudden sharp decline in the value of securities ”推知。 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题的四个选项中，只有 C项为正确答案。这可从文中的 “The crash of 1929 has been attributedto many causes， among them wild and unwise speculation by many people and dishonest practices onthe part of some business and of some members of the exchanges ”推知。 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题的四个选项中，只有 C项为正确答案。这可从文中的 “the Securities Exchange Commission， toprotect investors and the public against dishonest practices on the exchanges “推知。 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题的四个选项中，只
