1、北京理工大学考博英语模拟试卷 15及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow blindness. Yet, dark glasses or not they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of “snow light“. The United States Army ha
2、s now determined that the glare from snow does not cause snow-blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a mans eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of a snow-covered area. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search
3、of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscle aches. Nature balances this annoyance by producing more and more liquid which covers the eyeballs. The liquid covers the eyeballs in increasing quantity until visi
4、on blurs . And the result is total, even though temporary, snowblindness. Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landsc
5、ape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark-colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop searching through the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing
6、their attention on one object at a time, the man can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white area is overcome. 1 The eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache because_. （ A） tears cover the eyeballs （ B） the eyes are annoyed
7、 by blinding sunlight （ C） the eyes are annoyed by blinding snow （ D） there is nothing to focus on 2 When the eyes are sore, tears are produced to_. （ A） clear the vision （ B） remedy snowblindness （ C） ease the annoyance （ D） loosen the muscles 3 Snow-blindness may be avoided by_. （ A） concentration
8、 on the solid white area （ B） providing the eyes with something to focus on （ C） searching for something to look at in snow-covered areas （ D） covering the eyeballs with liquid 4 The first paragraph is mainly concerned with_. （ A） snow glare and snowhlindness （ B） the whiteness from snow （ C） headac
9、hes, watering eyes and snowblindness （ D） the need for dark glasses 5 A suitable title for this passage would be_. （ A） Snowblindness and How to Overcome It （ B） Nature s Cure for Snowblindness （ C） Soldiers in the Snow （ D） Snow Vision 5 Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things
10、 that men and animals possess,if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt,children would play it until their hands were burnt away. Similarly,if pain existed but fear did not,a child would burn itself again and again,because fear would not warn it to keep away from the fire that ha
11、d burn it before. A really fearless soldier-and some do exist-is not a good soldier because he is soon killed;and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out. In our first sentence we suggested that fear ought to be
12、 properly used. If,for example,you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much. Even in your house you are not absolutely safe: an airplane may crash on your house, or ants may eat away some of the b
13、eams in your roof so that the latter falls on you,or you may get cancer! The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take. In many cases, you can take quick and successful ac
14、tion to avoid the danger. For example, you see a car coming straight towards you; fear warns you, you jump out of the way, and all is well. In some cases,however,you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger. For example,you cannot prevent an airplane crashing onto your house.
15、 In this case, fear has given you its warning; you have examined it and decided on your course,of action, so fear of this particular danger is no longer of any use to you, and you have to try to overcome it. 6 Children would play with fire until their hands were burnt away if_. （ A） they were given
16、no warning beforehand （ B） they had never burnt themselves （ C） they had no sense of pain （ D） they were fearful of the fire 7 A really fearless soldier_. （ A） is of little use to the army （ B） is without equal （ C） is nothing but a dead soldier （ D） easily gets killed in a battle 8 Fear should be u
17、sed properly because_. （ A） an airplane may crash on your house （ B） you may get cancer （ C） fear can only be used as a servant and guide （ D） men are now letting fear rule them too much 9 People sometimes succeed in timely avoiding danger because_. （ A） they have gained experience （ B） they jump ou
18、t of the way in time （ C） they are calm in face of danger （ D） they are warned of the danger and can take quick action 10 Implied but not stated :_. （ A） Fear is always something helpful. （ B） Too much fear is harmful. （ C） Fear ought to be used as a servant and guide. （ D） Fear is something unprofi
19、table. 10 The worlds population continues to grow. There now are about 4 billion of us on earth. That could reach 6 billion by the end of the century and 11 billion in another 75 years. Experts long have been concerned about such growth. Where will we find the food, water, jobs, houses, schools and
20、health care for all these people? A major new study shows that the situation may be changing. A large and rapid drop in the worlds birth rate has taken place during the past 10 years. Families generally are smaller now than they were a few years ago. It is happening in both developing and industrial
21、 nations. Researchers said they found a number of reasons for this. More men and women are waiting longer to get married and are using birth control devices and methods to prevent or delay pregnancy. More women are going to school or working at jobs away form their homes instead of having children.
22、And more governments, especially in developing nations, now support family planning programs to reduce population growth. China is one of the nations that has made great progress in reducing its population growth. China has already cut its rate of population growth by about one half since 1970. Chin
23、a now urges each family to have no more than one child. And it hopes to reach zero population growth, the number of births equaling the number of deaths, by the year 2000. Several nations in Europe already have fewer births than deaths. Experts said that these nations could face a serious shortage o
24、f workers in the future. And the persons who are working could face much higher taxes to help support the growing number of retired people. 11 In Paragraph One, the sentence “Experts long have been concerned about such growth“, the phrase “concerned about“ is similar in meaning to_. （ A） worried abo
25、ut （ B） related to （ C） engaged in （ D） made a study of 12 “Family planning programs“ means_. （ A） birth control policy in a country （ B） economic policy in a family （ C） TV programs designed for a family （ D） economic policy in a country 13 The worlds birth rate has dropped because_. （ A） people ma
26、rry at a much later time （ B） more birth control devices and methods have been used （ C） women would rather go to study or work than have children （ D） all the above reasons are true 14 By the year 2000, the number of births and the number of deaths in China will_. （ A） be greatly different （ B） be
27、equal to each other （ C） drop a great deal （ D） become much larger 15 Some time in the future, the people who are working in Europe would have to pay much higher taxes because_. （ A） more and more children will be born （ B） fewer and fewer children will be born （ C） they will be making a lot of mone
28、y （ D） the number of retired people will become ever larger 15 How men first learnt to invent words is unknown;in other words,the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men,unlike animals,somehow invented certain sound to express thoughts and feelings,actions and things,so that
29、they could communicate with each other;and that later they agreed upon certain signs,called letters,which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds,whether spoken or written in letters,we call words. The power of words,then,lies in their associations-
30、the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience;and the longer we live,the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases. Great wri
31、ters are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like mus
32、ic,and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately,or they will make our speech silly and dull. 16 The origin of language is_. （ A） a legend handed down from the past （ B） a matter that is hidden secre
33、tly （ C） a question difficult to answer （ D） a problem not yet solved 17 One of the reasons why men invented certain sounds to express thoughts and actions was that_. （ A） they could agree upon certain signs （ B） they could write them down （ C） they could communicate with each other （ D） they could
34、combine them 18 What is TRUE about the words? （ A） They are used to express feelings only. （ B） They can not be written down. （ C） They are simply sounds. （ D） They are mysterious. 19 In expressing their thoughts,great writers are able_. （ A） to confuse the readers （ B） to move men to tears （ C） to
35、move our actions （ D） to puzzle our feelings 20 Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true? （ A） He is no more a master of words than an ordinary person. （ B） He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music. （ C） He can move men to tears. （ D） His style is always charmi
36、ng. 二、 English-Chinese Translation 21 Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment widely. 22 Bu
37、t we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self respecting? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for a
38、n employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office as centers of production and work? 23 Such tightening would probably cause refinancing to slump to about $ 300 billion at annual rates late this year, which would eliminate capital gains
39、 as a prop for consumer spending. Rising interest rates could also damp the rally likely to occur in the equity market as corporate profits recover. If investment spending fails to revive, the economy s annual growth rate could slide back to the 2-3 percent. 24 The oil price is also a big risk, main
40、ly because the Bush administration appears determined to attack Iraq. The probability of war could easily push the oil price back into the $ 35 $ 40 a barrel range for at least a few months. In effect, that would impose a big new tax on consumer spending and corporate profits. The prospect of moneta
41、ry tightening and a sharp increase in the oil price suggests that late 2002 and early 2003 could be a period of great volatility for the US economy. 三、 Chinese-English Translation 25 现在，成千上万的美国人沉湎于对身材苗条的追求之中。他们着迷于节食和锻炼，这不仅仅是因为他们对年轻外表的追求，最近的一项研究表明节食和体育锻炼对身体健康的极端重要性。如同在许多工业技术发达的国家中一样，北美人的生活方式发生了显著的变化。
42、现代化的机器完成了人们曾被迫用手工来完成的体力劳动。小汽车、公共汽车运载着我们飞快地从一地来到另一地，由于无所事事，人们的身体变得十分虚弱并易于生病。为了避免这种状况的发生，成千上万的美国人把更多的时 间投入到体育锻炼之中。这种对体育锻炼重要性的认识所产生的结果是显而易见的：公园里到处都是散步和骑自行车的人，体育节目又重新树立了威望，许多公司都为自己的员工提供特殊的运动器材供他们在工作日当中锻炼身体。 四、 Writing 26 Write a composition of at least 250 words on the given topic “My idea of the future
43、 world with the following outline. Present your argument with supporting details. 北京理工大学考博英语模拟试卷 15答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题问眼珠及眼部肌肉酸痛的原因。从第二段第二句和第四句可以确定 D为正确选项。 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 从第二段第五句可知 C为正确选项。 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从第三段最后两句可知 B为正确答案。 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 雪的强光 (snow glare)以及雪盲
44、 (snowblindness)是这篇谈论的重点，因此选择 A答案。 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 雪盲及如何避免雪盲是文章的主题， A为正确答案。 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 从第一段第二句即可知正确答案为 C项。 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 从第一段倒数第二句可知正确答案为 D项。 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 从第二段第一句和第三段第一句。就可知正确答案为 C项。 9 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 从第三段第二句和第四段第 一句的内容可知正确答案为 D项。 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 A项错在 “always”，该词导致该项表达的意思走向极端，与原
45、文意思不符。 C项是文章直接表达的思想，虽符合文章内容，但不是隐含的意思，不符题意。 D项与文章的内容相反。只有 B项才是文章隐含的意思。因此，正确答案为 B项。 11 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 选项 worried about表示 “担心 ”； B选项 related to表示 “有联系 ”；C选项 engaged in意思为 “参与 ”； D选项 made a study of意 思为 “做调查 ”。因此A为正确答案。 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 从第三段最后一句可知计划生育是减少人口增长的手段， A为正确选项。 13 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题问世界人口增长率降
46、低的原因。从第三段可知 D为正确答案。 14 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题问 2000年时中国的出生率和死亡率将会怎样。从第四段最后一句可知 D为正确答案。 15 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题问将来在欧洲工作的人们会交纳更多的税的原因。从第五段最后一句可知 D为正 确答案。 16 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第一段一开始就回答了本题，正确答案是 D项。 17 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第二段第一句指出了本题的正确答案。 18 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第一段最后一句表明 C项为正确答案。 19 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第三段第四句指出，一位真正的诗人是一
47、位语言大师，他可以通过语言来传递思想。这种语言像音乐一样美妙，而且这种语言能感动得我们掉下眼泪。正确答案为 B项。 20 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析 】 正确答案为 A项。 A项中的 no more than意为 “与其说 还不如说是 ” 。 二、 English-Chinese Translation 21 【正确答案】 民意测验现在显示着人们的一种无奈的共识，那就是：无论归咎于谁还是从现在起发生什么事情，高失业率不可避免。这就意味着我们要千方百计去广泛寻找就业岗位。 22 【正确答案】 但我们不应该就此打住，应该对未来的工作问一些实质性的问题。我们还继续要用老眼光看待就业这个问题吗 ?是
48、否可以鼓励其他的自立方式 ?是否应该多创造条件，让我们自己当老 板而不是给别人打工 ?是否应该把眼光投向家人、邻居，激活各方资源，包括工厂、单位，来多寻找生产和工作的机会 ? 23 【正确答案】 这样的紧缩政策也许会引起今年年底再集资水平跌至 3亿年，这将使资本收益在消费性支出中的支柱作用完全失去。利率的提高也将抑制企业利润好转下股票市场的回升。假如投资支出没能复原，整个经济的年增长率将回落至2 -一 3。 24 【正确答案】 同样是一大风险的还有石油价格，主要原因是布什政府表现出来的攻打伊拉克的坚决态度。战争的可能性可以轻而易举地将油价推回到 35- 40美元一桶， 而且这一持续就会是几个月
49、，结果将是在消费性支出和公司利润头上新加了一大笔税赋。货币紧缩政策与油价急剧攀升的前景暗示着 2002年底和 2003年初可能是美国经济的一大波动期。 三、 Chinese-English Translation 25 【正确答案】 Now, millions of Americans have become obsessed with staying slim and “in shape“. The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for Americas fascination with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of North Americans ha
