1、国家公共英语（三级）笔试模拟试卷 251及答案与解析 Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 Every body gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives until, finally, some attack on the body brings
2、 our existence to an end. Fortunately, most of us in modern industrialized societies can take relatively good health for granted most of the time. In fact, we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciat
3、e the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset, one for which we might readily give up such rewards as power, wealth, or fame (荣誉 ). Because ill health is a universal problem, affecting both the individual and society, the human response to sickness is always socially organized. No socie
4、ty leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating ill health entirely to the individual. Each society develops its own concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated. Around this focus there arises, over time, a n
5、umber of standards, values, groups, statuses, and roles: in other words, an institution (体系 ,机构 ). To the sociologist (社会学家 ) , then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease. In the simplest pre-industrial societies, medicine is usually an aspect
6、 of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness are very elementary, often involving only two roles: the sick and the healer (治疗者 ). The latter is typically also the priest (牧师 ), who relies primarily on religious ceremonies, both to identify and to treat disease; for example, bones
7、may be thrown to establish a cause, songs may be used to bring about a cure. In modern industrialized societies, on the other hand, the institution has become highly complicated and specialized, including dozens of roles such as those of brain surgeon, druggist, hospital administrator, linked with v
8、arious organizations such as nursing homes, insurance companies, and medical schools. Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society. 1 Which of the following statements is tru
9、e according to Paragraph 1? （ A） Nowadays most people believe they can have fairly good health. （ B） Human life involves a great deal of pain and suffering. （ C） Most of us are aware of the full value of health. （ D） Ancient people believed that health was more expensive than anything else. 2 The wo
10、rd “authorize“ in Paragraph 2 means “_“. （ A） make way for （ B） give power to （ C） write an order for （ D） make it possible for 3 In Paragraph 2, we learn that the sociologist regards medicine as_. （ A） a system whose purpose is to treat disease and keep people healthy （ B） a universal problem that
11、affects every society （ C） a social responsibility to treat ill health （ D） a science that focuses on the treatment of disease 4 According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true? （ A） In the past, bones might be used to decide why people fell ill. （ B） In pre-industrial societies priests
12、 sometimes treated patients by singing. （ C） Modern medicine is so complicated that sociology no longer has a place in it. （ D） There were only two roles in an elementary medical system, the patient and the one who tried to cure him. 5 The author of this passage is mainly concerned with_. （ A） socio
13、logical aspects in medicine （ B） medical treatment of diseases （ C） the development of medical science （ D） the role of religion in medicine Part B Directions: Read the text, match the items (61-65) to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 5 Bess: Do you st
14、ifle your anger? Or do you let it explode? In either case, anger may be your hidden dieting problem. If you smile when a co-worker steals your ideas than spend the evening digging into a bag of chips youre not really fat and happy. Youre secretly angry. Break-free strategy: Anger needs to be evaluat
15、ed. If the cause of your anger is relatively unimportant and there is nothing you can do to change the circumstances or the outcome, let it go. It may just save you a few unwanted pounds. Take a ten-minute break when you fell ravenous. Review what happened in the past 10 to 12 hours to upset you. Di
16、d your spouse hurt your feeling? Were you playing martyr again? Could you deal with your rage in less fattening ways by exercising， perhaps, or discussing the situation with a friend? Ned： Since white wine is fat-free and has only about 100 calories a glass, its tempting to have a glass or two with
17、a low-fat dinner. But according to a Swiss study reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, if roughly one-fourth of your daily caloric intake comes from wine, beer or liquor, the alcohol can show your fat metabolism by about 30 percent. In words, while your body is burning alcohol, its not bu
18、rning fat. Worse, that unmetabolized fat may head straight for your abdomen. Other studies show that moderate consumption of alcohol before meals can enhance your appetite. Break-free strategy:If your rate of weight loss has stalled, eliminating all alcohol could jump start it again. Winifred: Spend
19、 more time outside, even on a cloudy day. An early morning or lunch time walk-without sun-glasses is ideal. About 75 percent of SAD sufferers get fast relief from special light boxes, which are 5 to 20 times brighter than typical home lighting. Boost your mood with exercise. Try a few laps around th
20、e block, dance to your favorite music, or jump cope. Dont fight your cravings. Swiss scientists recently found that SAD suffers who are more than one portion of sweets in the afternoon or evening usually responded to light treatment. Once they got more light, their cravings diminished. Carol ： If yo
21、u find your motivation coming to a halt, ponder this:What do you dislike about being svelte? Do you secretly miss pigging out? Are you uneasy about extra attention from the opposite sex? “If you come from a family plagued with weight problems, you may even feel guilty about succeeding where others h
22、ave failed, “says San Francisco psychiatrist Carla Perez, author of Getting Off the Merry-Go-Round. Other signs that you dont feel you deserve to be thin;comparing yourself unfavorably to others(“Sure, I lost 50 pounds, but she lost 75“) discounting your victories(“The first 30 pounds mean nothing,
23、only the last five count“); or attributing your success to good luck instead of hard work. Ida: “If you are on the edge of anger, count ONE, TWO, THREE again and again, please. It is helpful for you to calm down. But to those bad-tempered people, it is no use to advise them to keep peaceful. Further
24、more, medical care is a good way to deal with angry, “says Professor Ida Smith, a famous psychologist. According to his study, taking medicine is a correct way has good effect on those who cant get rid of angry easily. Statements 61. Carol A One should take medicine in a correct way. 62. Bess B Beha
25、vior modification and stress management can also help you live. 63. Ida C Be not in anger. 64. Ned D Identify your stress triggers. 65. Winifred E Escape far from alcohol. F Depression doesnt work. G You neednt be red-thin for your diet to be a success. 国家公共英语（三级）笔试模拟试卷 251答案与解析 Part A Directions: R
26、ead the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据原文 Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives可知 B为正确。 A项中 fairly(相当地 )与原文 relatively(相对地 )矛盾。 C项与原文we tend to fullyrealize the importance of
27、 good health only when we or those close to us become seriouslyill(只有在我们自已或与自己亲近的人得了重病的时候我们才充分意识到健康的重要性 )相矛盾。 the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset意为 “那条古老的真理：健康是最宝贵的财富 ”，并不是说古代的人们认为健康比其他东西更花钱，因此 C错。 2 【正确答 案】 B 【试题解析】 根据上下文可知 authorize意为 “授权 ”，即 give power to； A、C、 D项的意义与整个句意不符。
28、3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 根据原文 To the sociologist， then， medicine is the institution concerned with themaintenance of health and treatment of disease可知， “对社会学家来说，医疗就是负责维护健康和治疗疾病的体系 (institution或 system)”，而不仅仅是一种社会责任 (social responsibility)或科学 (science)，因此 A正确， C、D错误。原文中并没有说社会学家把 medicine看成是 ill health is un
29、iversal problem，因此 B错误。 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据原文 bones may be thrown to establish a cause， songs may be used to bring about a cure可知 A、 B陈述无误。又根据 The social arrangements for dealing withsickness are very elementary， often involving only two roles： the sick and the healer可知 D陈述无误。又根据 Medicine， in fact，
30、has become the subject of intense sociologicalinterest(医疗已经成为社会学家深感兴趣的领域 )可知 C陈述有误。因此选 C。 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本文第一段讲疾病的不可避免和健康的重要性；第二段讲医疗的社会属性 (sociological aspects)；第三段讲医疗的现代化，也提到了它与社会学(sociology)的联系，因此 A为最佳答案。 B、 C、 D项都过于片面。 Part B Directions: Read the text, match the items (61-65) to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 6 【正确答案】 G 7 【正确答案】 C 8 【正确答案】 A 9 【正确答案】 E 10 【正确答案】 F
