1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试历年真题试卷汇编 9及答案与解析 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 America the great “melting pot“ has always been a rich blend of cultural traditions from all
2、 over the world. Many American families can trace their histories【 C1】 _immigrant ancestors who traveled great【 C2】 _, enduring risk and hardship, to make a home【 C3】 _ they would be guaranteed basic freedoms. And for many American families, these freedoms came【 C4】 _a struggle. Their parents and gr
3、andparents were deprived of the basic rights we value. American society was founded【 C5】 _freedom from religious persecution and on tolerance of【 C6】 _in beliefs and cultural heritage. The differences(or diversity)that come 【 C7】 _people from all over the world enrich our culture, bringing new ideas
4、 and energy. Today, more than【 C8】 _, children have opportunities to interact with【 C9】 _of differing ethnicities, religions, and cultures. Classrooms are increasingly【 C10】 _, reflecting the communities where families live and work. Some parents welcome the fact that we live in an increasingly dive
5、rse【 C11】 _. Others may feel more hesitant, especially if they have not had much exposure【 C12】_people different from【 C13】 _. Many children are way ahead of their【 C14】 _in terms of exposure to cultural differences. Their circle of friends, their schoolmates, and their athletic teams are much more
6、varied than【 C15】 _of even a generation ago. Why is it important for parents to【 C16】 _their children prepare to live, learn, and work in communities that will become even more diverse? Teaching tolerance is important【 C17】 _just because it is part of our American heritage but【 C18】_the person who l
7、earns to be open to differences will have more opportunity in education, in business, and in so many【 C19】 _ways. In【 C20】 _, your childs success depends on it. Success in todays world and tomorrows depends on being able to understand, appreciate, and work with others. 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4
8、】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 11 【 C11】 12 【 C12】 13 【 C13】 14 【 C14】 15 【 C15】 16 【 C16】 17 【 C17】 18 【 C18】 19 【 C19】 20 【 C20】 Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEE
9、T 1. 20 Paolo Fril, chairman and scientific officer of GeneDupe, based in San Melito, California, is a man with a dream. The dream is a dragon in every home. GeneDupes business is biotech pets. Not for Dr. Fril, though, the cloning of dead cats and dogs. He plans a range of entirely new animals or,
10、rather, of really quite old animals, with the twist that when they did exist, it was only in the imagination. Making a mythical creature real is not easy. But GeneDupes team of biologists and computer scientists reckon they are equal to the task. Their secret is a new field, which they call “virtual
11、 cell biology“. Biology and computing have a lot in common, since both are about processing information in one case electronic: in the other, biochemical. Virtual cell biology aspires to make a software model of a cell that is accurate in every biochemical detail. That is possible because all animal
12、 cells use the same parts list mitochondria for energy processing, the endoplasmic reticulum for making proteins , Golgi body for protein assembly, and so on. Armed with their virtual cell, GeneDupes scientists can customize the result so that it belongs to a particular species, by loading it with a
13、 virtual copy of that animals genome. Then, if the cell is also loaded with the right virtual molecules, it will behave like a fertilized egg, and start dividing and developing first into embryo, and ultimately into an adult. Because this “growth“ is going on in a computer, it happens fast. Passing
14、from egg to adult in one of GeneDupes enormous Mythmaker computers takes less than a minute. And it is here that Charles Darwin gets a look in. With such a short generation time, GeneDupes scientists can add a little evolution to their products. Each computer starts with a search image(dragon, unico
15、rn, griffin, etc), and the genome of the real animal most closely resembling it(a lizard for the dragon, a horse for the unicorn and most taxingly, the spliced genomes of a lion and an eagle for the griffin). The virtual genomes of these real animals are then tweaked by random electronic mutations.
16、When they have matured, the virtual adults most closely resembling the targets are picked and cross-bred, while the others are culled. Using this rapid evolutionary process, GeneDupes scientists have arrived at genomes for a range of mythological creatures -in a computer, at least. The next stage, o
17、n which they are just embarking, is to do it for real. This involves synthesizing, with actual DNA, the genetic material that the computer models predict will produce the mythical creatures. The synthetic DNA is then inserted into a cell that has had its natural nucleus removed. The result, Dr. Fril
18、 and his commercial backers hope, will be a real live dragon, unicorn or what you have. Dr. Fril is confident about his new idea. Indeed, if he can get the dragons respiration correct, he thinks they will set the world on fire. 21 Dr. Frits new ambition is to clone （ A） pets in general. （ B） rare an
19、imals. （ C） prehistoric animals. （ D） imaginary animals. 22 Now GeneDupes scientists are trying to find out （ A） the existence of mythical animals. （ B） the causes for the extinction of some animals. （ C） the similarities between biology and computing. （ D） the possibilities of creating mythical cre
20、atures. 23 The research is based on （ A） general genetic engineering theory. （ B） the development of computing technology. （ C） the theory of cross-breeding of different species. （ D） animals biochemical information processing. 24 The team has chosen a lizard for the dragon as they think these creat
21、ures （ A） have the same genome. （ B） have similar appearances. （ C） belong to the same species. （ D） possess the same genetic structure. 25 Dr. Fril and his team think they will succeed （ A） with the advancement of computer sciences. （ B） as they have worked out genomes by computer. （ C） when they f
22、ind the actual DNA. （ D） if they get enough commercial backers. 25 Cultural globalization, for many, means Westernization or Americanization. An important distinction concerning todays cultural globalization is that it is largely driven by corporations, rather than countries. As such, one of the cen
23、tral concerns is the spread of consumer culture. For many critics, non-Western culture and practices are at risk of being overwhelmed by homogenizing “ Mc-Donaldization“. Skeptics contend that the erosion of culture has been overstated. They point to evidence that local culture remains strong. Cultu
24、ral interactions have taken place for centuries so to argue non-Western cultural are somehow pure is naive. In a sense, the cultural degradation argument dismisses the ability of non-Western people to control their destiny and incorporate those attributes they may find useful. What is more, some arg
25、ue that national identities are founded on real differences that have continued salience. Other skeptics point to the growth of ethnic and nationalist movements in the post-Cold War world as evidence that these sources of identity remain strong. Intense interaction may make people more cognizant of
26、difference and lead to conflict. Information technology may, in fact, intensify traditional identities. Cultural globalization involves processes of unequal power, which brings traditions and identities into question. Where ethnic and religious groups feel threatened by globalization , there is the
27、potential for conflict. Migration is a significant aspect of globalization that has not only economic but also social and cultural effects. While migration is not unique to the present age, communication and transportation technologies allow migrants a greater opportunity to maintain links with thei
28、r homelands. More porous borders raise questions about notions of citizenship and identity. While challenges to national identity may come from supranational entities such as the European Union, globalization at the same time may facilitate the triggering of more local, particularistic identities. T
29、here is some disagreement on where this is all going and whether globalization could come to an end. Clearly the openness and interconnectedness that emerged in the late 1800s was not permanent. The 1930s saw the major powers carving out spheres of influence and blocking out others. From a broader h
30、istorical perspective, however, that may have been a hiccup. Whereas before the end of the American Civil War it took months to go by ship from one coast of the US to the other. The transcontinental railroad cut the trip to a week by 1870 and today it is a matter of a few hours by plane. There was s
31、ome discussion after 9.11 whether the need for security would bring an end to the era of globalization. In some areas, such as educational exchanges, there has been an impact. Overall, however, the flow of goods, people, and messages of peace and war continue unabated some five years later. In many
32、respects, therefore, globalization is not going away. The challenge for humanity, then, is to direct these forces in peaceful and beneficial ways. 26 Critics of cultural globalization believe that （ A） traditional identities are being threatened by Western culture. （ B） national identities are based
33、 on differences. （ C） identities are broken down due to communication and migration. （ D） ethnic conflicts are caused by Westernization or Americanization. 27 Skeptics defend their opinion by stating （ A） current cultural globalization is not driven by countries. （ B） the power of non-Western cultur
34、es is underestimated. （ C） non-Western cultures are pure. （ D） cultural globalization is not a new tendency. 28 What do ethnic and nationalist movements prove? （ A） Globalization may trigger conflicts between religious groups. （ B） Traditional identities are having a tough time. （ C） Cultural identi
35、ties are resistant to change. （ D） National identities are in the process of degrading. 29 The word “cognizant“(line 3, para. 3)possibly means （ A） aware. （ B） defensive. （ C） ignorant. （ D） confident. 30 The author of this article （ A） tries to sound neutral by giving equal weight on both sides. （
36、B） believes that cultural globalization can be beneficial to humans. （ C） argues that information technology plays a role in breaking national identities. （ D） agrees that organizations such as EU are blocking out other countries. 30 On November 5th 1605, a band of English Catholic hotheads planned
37、to detonate 36 barrels of gunpowder under the House of Lords. The scheme would have destroyed the nation by wiping out MPs, lords, bishops and the king. For sheer terrorist ambition, the plot remains unmatched. So why has this plan, and the capture, torture and public execution of the leading conspi
38、rators, been celebrated in Britain for the past four centuries? “Gods Secret Agents“ suggests one reason why: anti-Catholic paranoia. The plot was the “popish“ outrage that Protestants had expected and warned about for half a century. Such fears had resulted in fines, strict laws and show trials of
39、Jesuit missionaries. It is as though Anglicanism a vague and ambiguous creed, even in its early days required an enemy against which to test itself. Before 1605, the threat from Catholicism was mostly imaginary. Attempts to re-establish the old religion in England were doomed to failure. Missionarie
40、s concentrated on the nobility, reckoning they would in turn convert the rest of the population, but this was to misunderstand English society. Worst, the missionaries received little support from Rome or Spain. The Gunpowder Plot was a desperate last heave by men who had already failed. It was also
41、 a gift to the authorities. The plot had been so wide-ranging that every pillar of the state monarchy, church, nobility and Parliament could interpret its survival as an act of divine providence. All had an interest in keeping the memory of Catholic perfidy alive. As one preacher put it in 1636, the
42、 day was “never to be cancelled out of the calendar, but to be written in every mans heart for ever. “ But then, something rather odd happened. What began as a celebration of the status quo became the opposite. By the 18th century, Bonfire Night had become an excuse for violence and barely disguised
43、 extortion. Respectable citizens who tried to suppress it were burned in effigy for their pains, alongside the pope a tradition that survives in the Sussex town of Lewes. This peculiar transformation is the subject of Gunpowder Plots, a book of essays. It is a mixed bag, but two stand out: an elegan
44、t account of the evolution of Bonfire Night by David Cressy, a historian, and a nerdy and fascinating treatise on gunpowder and fireworks by Brenda Buchanan. The latter contains an intriguing detail. A receipt dated November 1605 from the Board of Ordnance mentions that the gunpowder recovered from
45、Parliament was “decaied“ i. e. moist. Perhaps the plot that Britons have celebrated all this time would have been rather a damp firework. 31 In 1605, a group of English religious fanatics （ A） wiped out MPs, lords, bishops and the king. （ B） exploded the House of Lords with gunpowder. （ C） conspired
46、 a plot against the nation unequalled in history. （ D） were terrified with torture and public execution after their capture. 32 According to the text, Protestants （ A） were put on public trial by he Catholics. （ B） faced persecution by the Catholics before 1605. （ C） failed to establish Anglicanism
47、because of opposition from the Catholics. （ D） feared that Anglicanism would be threatened by Catholicism. 33 Failure to re-establish Catholicism was due to the following EXCEPT （ A） opposition of the nobility. （ B） lack of attention to the general public. （ C） misunderstanding of English society. （
48、 D） inadequate support from Rome. 34 The celebration of the Gunpowder Plot actually （ A） prompted the state to suppress the Catholics. （ B） caused the deaths of respectable citizens. （ C） was intended to commemorate the victims. （ D） served as an excuse for violence. 35 It can be inferred from the t
49、ext that the real cause for the failure of the plot was （ A） divine providence. （ B） the gunpowder. （ C） government suppression. （ D） Anglican precautions. Part B Directions: In the following article some paragraphs have been removed. For Questions 66-70, choose the most suitable paragraph from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is one paragraph which does not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 35 The Briti
