1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 38及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 Dr. White and Mr. Li have not met before. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 2 Li is doing his Ph.D.
2、 （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 White has just come back from Thailand. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 Europe has solved the problem of illiteracy. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 Illiteracy declined more than 10% from 1970 to 1990. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 6 In China, illiterate women aged 60 or more were twice as many as
3、illiterate men of the same age in 1990. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 Old illiterate people do not want to learn mainly because they are afraid of being ridiculed. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 Research shows that peoples learning ability does not become worse while aging. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 9 Li is going to
4、 finish his thesis in two months. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 Lis difficulty is not having enough data. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 The pig originall
5、y lived in （ A） Asia, Africa and America. （ B） Asia, South America and Europe. （ C） Asia, Europe and America. （ D） Asia, Europe and Africa. 12 How many years have the Chinese people raised pigs? （ A） More than a million years. （ B） Ten thousand years. （ C） Many thousands of years. （ D） Two hundred a
6、nd fifty years. 13 What is the name of the pig that is popular in the U.S.? （ A） Pygmy hog. （ B） Poland China pig. （ C） African hog. （ D） India pig. 14 According to the passage, a country with a young population is a country （ A） with the population below the age of 25. （ B） with 50 percent of the p
7、opulation below the age of 15. （ C） with more than half the population below the age of 25. （ D） with 40 percent of the population below the age of 25. 15 By the year of 2050, the ratio of work force as a whole to new job seekers is （ A） 3:1. （ B） 4:1. （ C） 2.5:1. （ D） 3.5:1. 16 Among the countries
8、with young populations, which is NOT mentioned? （ A） Mexico. （ B） Zambia. （ C） Indonesia. （ D） Syria. 17 A chimpanzee can be as big as （ A） an ape. （ B） a gorilla. （ C） a medium-sized man. （ D） a monkey. 18 In forests, chimpanzees spend much of their time （ A） in trees. （ B） walking on all fours. （
9、C） walking on their hind legs. （ D） fighting to keep their groups from being broken up. 19 Female chimpanzees have one baby （ A） once 11 months. （ B） once 5 months. （ C） once 13 months. （ D） once 12 months. 20 The first talk about the ape family is on （ A） gorillas. （ B） monkeys. （ C） chimpanzees. （
10、 D） gibbons. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-3
11、0. 21 Where did tulip originally, grow? 22 What was Manaus famous of in those days? 23 When were large quantities of plantation rubber first exported from Malaysia? 24 What do people grow Hevea trees for in tropical plantations? 25 What does the Kew Garden collect specifically? 26 What does the new
12、director of the Kew Gardens want to change in using the gardens facilities? 27 Among many other fields of endeavor for the new botany, what is one of the most urgent topics to study? 28 According to the eighteenth-century English naturalist William Marshall, what would happen to Nature when cultivat
13、ion set its foot? 29 By allowing for the play of what kind of corrective forces did the slow development of artificial ecosystem and villages succeed? 30 In summary, what did the speaker talk about? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the nu
14、mbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 31 If it were only necessary to decide whether (31) teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis (32) to find the gifted few and take them as (33) as they can go, our task would be fairly simple. The public school sy
15、stem, however, has no such choice, for the jobs must be carried (34) at the same time. Because we depend so heavily upon science and (35) for our progress, we must produce specialists in many fields, because we live in a democratic nation, (36) citizens make the policies for the nation, large number
16、s of us must be educated to understand, (37) uphold, and (38) necessary, to judge the work of experts. The (39) school must (40) both producers and users of scientific services. In education, there should be a good balance (41) the branches of knowledge that contribute (42) effective thinking and wi
17、se judgment. Such (43) is defeated by (44) much emphasis on any one field. This question of balance involves not only the relation of the (45) sciences, the social sciences and the arts but (46) relative emphasis among the natural sciences themselves. Similarly, we must have a balance between curren
18、t and (47) knowledge. The attention of the public is continually (48) to new possibilities in (49) fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not be allowed to mm our attention away (50) the sound, established materials that form the basis of courses for beginners. Part A Directions: Re
19、ad the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 In 1959 the average American family paid $989 for a years supply of food. In 1972 the family paid $1311. That was a price increase of nearly one-third. Every family
20、has had this sort of experience. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But there is less agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible? Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and cheese that are stored
21、 for sale. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the farmers share of the $1 311 spent by the family in 1972 was $521. This was thirty-one percent more than the farmer had received in 1959. But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of livin
22、g. Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. They particularly blame those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm. These include truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores where food is sol
23、d. They are among the “middlemen“ who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices? Of the $1311 family food bill in 1972, middlemen received $790, which was thirty-three percent more than they had received in 1959. It appea
24、rs that the middlemans profit has increased more than the farmers. But some economists claim that the middlemens actual profit was very low. According to economists at the First National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and food stores amounted to less than one percent. During the same period
25、all other manufacturers were making a profit of more than five percent. By comparison with other members of the economic system, both farmers and middlemen have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices. Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay b
26、efore she carries the food home from the store? The economists at First National City Bank have an answer to give housewives, but many people will not like it. These economists blame the housewife herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women dont want to spend
27、 much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared before it reaches the market. 51 The passage is mainly concerned with _. （ A） the average American family （ B） the price increase （ C） the reason for the increasing cost of food （ D） the housewifes job 52 Farmers sho
28、uld not be blamed for the rise because _. （ A） they produce the vegetables and other things （ B） they get a large share in the profit （ C） they work very hard （ D） their cost of living has also risen 53 The middlemen do not include _. （ A） housewives （ B） meat packers （ C） truck drivers （ D） salesme
29、n 54 For the middlemen, _. （ A） they make more profit than factories owners （ B） they make as much profit as farmers （ C） their profit is less than presumed （ D） they are surprisingly rich 55 The real cause for the rise, according to some economists, is that _. （ A） customers are willing to pay high
30、er prices （ B） middlemen make huge profits （ C） farmers sell grains at high prices （ D） women like to buy processed food 56 Few words are more commonly used in our modern world than the word modern itself. The modernity of manufactured articles, of institutions, of attitudes, of works of art is cons
31、tantly brought to our attention. We ourselves may well be judged by whether we are modern or not; indeed, many people go to considerable lengths to make quite certain that they will be accepted as modern modern in their dress, their behaveiour, their beliefs. And yet, we may ask, must not earlier ge
32、nerations have felt precisely the same? Surely men throughout history must have recognized themselves as modern. Surely innovators like Julius Caesar, Peter the Great or Oliver Cromwell saw themselves as breaking with the past, as establishing a new order. (Must they not also have shared our awarene
33、ss of the significance of what is modem?) What is modern is distinct from what belongs to the past and men in earlier times must have experienced this sense of distinctiveness. Men cannot escape, arid never have been able to escape, from an awareness of change. But reflection will tell us that our a
34、wareness of change, our sense of distinctiveness, is very different from that of our distant ancestors. Change for us is more, much more, than the change brought about by the passing of time, by important events or by the actions of outstanding individuals or groups of people. We make use of change
35、and are our selves a part of a process of change. Change for us has become modernization and modernization implies both direction and consciousness. Change is something we seek, something that has no end. This consciousness of change and this desire to direct change derives from the beginnings of th
36、e Industrial Revolution. The term revolution is usually applied to an historical event, an event we can place in time. We can normally speak of a time before the revolution and a time after the revolution. But the Industrial Revolution, although it had a beginning, has never come to an end. It is a
37、process which cannot stop. It is a process which effects more and more people in more and more ways. We may argue that it is a process directed by men and this would be true if we look at the details of the process. But the whole process is, as yet, beyond control. We can decide the direction of mod
38、ernization to some extent but we cannot decide to halt it. This has led to a disturbing situation. What we boast of as modern or up-to-date today, will be old-fashioned or out-of-date tomorrow. The noisy insistence that something is modern often conceals fear of the knowledge that it will inevitably
39、 soon be superseded. Again, the very fact that modernization has one direction only and involves every member of society permits only two attitudes: acceptance or rejection. The desire to change or modify the world we live in implies acceptance, since the world is a world of change. Rejection of mod
40、ernization may, therefore, lead to a sense of the world as unreal and meaningless, and this, in turn, to a breakdown, either individual or social. 56 It is suggested that the word modern is _ today. （ A） very vulgar （ B） in frequent use （ C） insufficiently precise （ D） used by the common people 57 G
41、reat innovators throughout history _. （ A） gave decisive commands in the past （ B） destroyed the past when they saw it （ C） realized they had not destroyed the past （ D） were conscious of changing the course of history 58 Our awareness of change is different from that of our predecessors because. （
42、A） we have changed on purpose （ B） they were not modern enough （ C） modernization has become part of our way of life （ D） we are more modern than they were 59 Why is the Industrial Revolution not a revolution in the sense that this term is usually employed? （ A） Because it is not an event with a fai
43、rly clear end. （ B） Because nobody knows when it ended. （ C） Because we do not speak of a time before the Industrial Revolution. （ D） Because it is not historical. 60 Why are acceptance or rejection the only possible attitudes towards modernization? （ A） Because modernization is a fact. （ B） Every m
44、ember of society has only one direction. （ C） Because people have either to accept or to reject modernization. （ D） There are no alternative types of modernization and no one can escape from it. 61 There is a growing body of evidence that suggests that our brain processes information in at least two
45、 major systems. The image system appears to be associated with the right hemisphere of the brain. This hemisphere seems to be specialized to process visual and auditory imagery, spatial representation, pure melodic thought, fantasy, and the emotional components of consciousness. Imagery allows us to
46、 continue to process information when we are not actively looking at or listening to new stimuli, It reproduces the sounds or sights of the past, enriching our thoughts, dreams, or fantasies with a sense of “actuality“ or context. As a coding system, imagery operates by what is called “parallel“ pro
47、cessing, e.g., we imagine the face of a friend in one instantaneous configuration. The lexical system is largely coordinated through the left hemisphere of the brain, and its chief functions include language and grammatical organization, abstract conceptualization and reasoning. This verbal or lingu
48、istic system functions sequentially; it takes time for a sentence to run its course so it can be understood. The lexical dimension is especially efficient for integrating diverse phenomena under one label or formula that allows extremely rapid retrieval of stored information (memories) later. Both i
49、magery and lexical systems seem essential for the highest levels of thought. It is possible, however, that the immediacy of television precludes our more active integration of images and words. We need time to replay mentally material just witnessed and also to link pictures and sounds to word labels that make for the most efficient kind of storage and retrieval. So rapidly does television material come at us that it defies the capacities of our brain to store much of it unless we actively turn our attention from the set and engage in some
