1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 56及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 Man has three basic needs: food, shelter and clothing. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 2 The only
2、 reason man wears clothing is for protection. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 It is believed that early man sometimes wore the skins of animals as a kind of magic. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 All natural materials used for clothing come from animals. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 Wool comes from sheep and cows. （ A）
3、Right （ B） Wrong 6 Cotton was first used as material in Europe. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 Linen is made from animal hair. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 Artificial silk was made in 1884. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 9 It is possible to make synthetic fibers from milk and petroleum. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 Syntheti
4、c fibers are never as good as natural fibers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 Why Peru and Mall are chosen for the research? （ A） They are identical i
5、n geography. （ B） They are different in geography. （ C） They are far apart. （ D） They are close to each other. 12 Which one of the following diseases is NOT mentioned in the talk? （ A） Diabetes. （ B） Tuberculosis. （ C） Malaria. （ D） Eczema. 13 What is the interviewee doing for his research for the m
6、oment? （ A） Looking for an active ingredient in the plants. （ B） Turning effective compounds. （ C） Grouping compounds in the plants. （ D） Testing on the crude extracts of the plants. 14 What is the positive side of pruritus? （ A） It arises from the irritation of skin cells or nerve cells. （ B） It ca
7、n be an unbearable nuisance. （ C） It is a dominant symptom of many skin diseases. （ D） It serves as a sensory and self-protective mechanism. 15 What in a human body generates a scratching or rubbing? （ A） C-fibers. （ B） Brain. （ C） Nerve. （ D） Spinal cord. 16 Which of the following is NOT mentioned
8、as an itching-suppressing agent? （ A） Antihistamines. （ B） Aspirin. （ C） Cologne. （ D） Ultraviolet light therapy. 17 How can foreign-trained doctors get approved from the Educational Commission to complete a residency in the U.S.? （ A） By reporting to the Educational Commission. （ B） By passing seve
9、ral tests. （ C） By getting a visa. （ D） By getting hospital training. 18 What do the foreign-trained doctors have to do if they attended an unrecognized medical school? （ A） To list it in the FAIMER. （ B） To apply for a residency. （ C） To attend an American medical school. （ D） To go back to their m
10、edical schools. 19 What do medical school applicants have to do? （ A） To report to the Association of American Medical Colleges. （ B） To submit their Medical College Admission Test scores. （ C） To report to the Medical College Admission Test. （ D） To submit their school reports. 20 What have America
11、n doctors completed traditionally? （ A） Four years of medical school and a residency between three and seven years. （ B） Four years of medical school and an internship. （ C） Five years of medical school and a residency between six and seven years. （ D） Five years of medical school and an internship.
12、 Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 Where
13、did Polly bring his pet dog to? 22 According to Polly, what does his dog need as he is still a puppy? 23 What will pet dogs often be mistaken for if they do not have a lead or a collar on? 24 What are dogs trained to do in Switzerland? 25 What are dogs used to do in Iceland and thus are considered v
14、ery important there? 26 Who was bitten by a dog last year? 27 According to Pollys mother, what does the cat catch? 28 What did Mrs. Banks father have in the garden when she was a little girl? 29 What kind of birds did the children of Mrs. Bankss neighborhood love? 30 What is the most important thing
15、 for one to keep a pet? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 31 Psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards, from (31) praise to cold cash, aff
16、ect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, (32) research the relation (33) actions and their consequences argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain (34) rewards often destroy creativity (35) encouraging
17、dependence (36) approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, especially (37) educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks (38) in grade-school children, suggesting (39) properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, (40) to a study in the J
18、une Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know theyre working for a (41) and can focus (42) a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity“, says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for (43) per
19、formance or creating too (44) anticipation for rewards“. A teacher (45) continually draws attention to rewards or who hands (46) high grades for ordinary achievement ends up (47) discouraged students, Eisenberger holds. (48) an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universit
20、ies to tighten grading standards and restore failing (49). In earlier grades, the use of se-called token economies, in (50) students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claim
21、s. Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 A UCSF study has revealed new information about how the brain directs the body to make movements. The key factor is “noise“ in the brains sig
22、naling, and it helps explain why all movement is not carried out with the same level of precision. Understanding where noise arises in the brain has implications for advancing research in neuromotor control and in developing therapies for disorders where control is impaired, such as Parkinsons disea
23、se. The new study was developed “to understand the brain machinery behind such common movements as typing, walking through a doorway or just pointing at an object“, says Stephen Lisberger, Ph.D., senior study investigator who is director of the W.M. Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience at the Un
24、iversity of California, San Francisco. Study co-investigators are Leslie C. Osborne, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow at UCSF, and William Bialek, Ph.D., professor of physics at Princeton University. The study findings, reported in the September 15 issue of the journal Nature; are part of ongoing resear
25、ch by Lisberger and colleagues on the neural mechanisms that allow the brain to learn and maintain skills and behavior. These basic functions are carried out through the coordination of different nerve cells within the brains neural circuits. “To make a movement, the brain takes the electrical activ
26、ity of many neurons and combines them to make muscle contractions“, Lisberger explains. “But the movements arent always perfect. So we asked, what gets in the way?“ The answer, he says, is “noise“, which is defined as the difference between what is actually occurring and what the brain perceives. He
27、 offers making a foul shot in basketball as an example. If there were no noise in the neuromotor system, a player would be able to perform the same motion over and over and never miss a shot. “Understanding how noise is reduced to very precise commands helps us understand how those commands are crea
28、ted“, says Lisberger, who also is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and a UCSF professor of physiology. In the study, the research team focused on a movement that all primates are very skilled at: an eye movement known as “smooth pursuit“ that allows the eyes to track a moving target. I
29、n a series of exercises with monkeys in which the animals would track visual targets, the researchers measured neural activity and smooth pursuit eye movements. From this data, the team analyzed the difference between how accurately the animals actually tracked a moving object and how accurately the
30、 brain perceived the trajectory. Findings showed that both the smooth pursuit system and the brains perceptual system were nearly equal. “This teaches us that these very different neural processes are limited to the same degree by the same noise sources“, says Lisberger. “And it shows that both proc
31、esses are very good at reducing noise“. He concludes, “Because the brain is noisy, our motor systems dont always do what it tells us to. Making precise movements in the face of this noise is a challenge“. 51 Of the following movements instructed by the brain, which one is not mentioned in the articl
32、e? （ A） Pointing at an object. （ B） Jogging. （ C） Walking through a doorway. （ D） Typing. 52 How does the brain direct a body movement? （ A） By sending signals to the muscles directly. （ B） By sending nerve cells to the muscles. （ C） By creating different nerve circuits. （ D） By combining the electr
33、ical activity of neurons. 53 How does “noise“ affect a basketball players performance? （ A） It helps him hit the target every time. （ B） It makes him a perfect player. （ C） It makes him miss the shot sometimes. （ D） It allows him to follow the brain instruction. 54 Which of the following titles does
34、nt belong to Stephen Lisberger? （ A） Professor of physics at Princeton University. （ B） Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator. （ C） Director of the W.M. Keck Center. （ D） UCSF professor of physiology. 55 The findings of the study with monkeys show that_. （ A） the eye movement is not influence
35、d by the noise. （ B） the animals can track a moving target accurately. （ C） the same noise sources can equally affect different neural processes. （ D） different neural processes are limited differently by different noise sources. 56 A little Central Victorian town grabbed the headlines in Australia
36、recently when Hollywood movie star Eric Bana premiered his latest film them. Romulus, My Father is the true story of a troubled migrant, couple bringing up their boy in a tiny dot on the map called Baringhup, just down the road from Castlemaine, in the early 1960s. Visiting the shire, you can see wh
37、y it made sense to shoot a film set in the past them: Things are run down in the most attractive ways. Most of the towns were built with gold-rush money in the mid-1800s, when civic buildings reflected the newfound wealth; but most of the booms turned out to be flash-in-the-pan. A little gold-rush t
38、own like Dunolly, with less than a thousand residents, has a magnificent Victorian town hall and post office. Maryboroughs huge redbrick-and-stucco train station is the most ornate thing in town (on his 1895 tour of Australia, Mark Twain described Maryborough as “a railway station with a town attach
39、ed“). Passenger trains dont use this line anymore, but the building has been converted into an antiques emporium with a cafe in file old waiting room. Its not the only creative repurposing of gorgeous old buildings going on in Central Victoria. More than one old church has been turned into a B you m
40、ight meet someone whos convinced that UFOs are buzzing over the fields. 56 What is the most appropriate word to describe the flourish brought by the gold-rush in the 1800s? （ A） Long-lasting. （ B） Devastating. （ C） Short-lived. （ D） Crisis-ridden. 57 Which is the most decorated architecture in the s
41、mall town? （ A） Town hall. （ B） Post office. （ C） Civic building. （ D） Train station. 58 Which of the following items could be kept by Dunollys Goldfields Museum? （ A） A piece of Chinese artwork. （ B） A gold chunk duplicate. （ C） A painting of miners. （ D） An advertising slogan. 59 The gold fields a
42、nd gum trees are mentioned in the text in order to_. （ A） show the photographic skills of the film. （ B） remind us of the towns history. （ C） promote the movie. （ D） describe the typical Australia scenery. 60 What might you discover if you walk into the bush? （ A） Gold nuggets. （ B） Classy B consequ
43、ently, it has inherited a legacy of aging terminal buildings. Then September 11 happened, and security protocols went through the roof. The 2005 London bombings didnt help matters. The queues to clear Heathrows security can take hours to clear, especially when not all the x-ray machines are open. At
44、 the other end of the process, passengers have faced seemingly never-ending waits for luggage. A recent Association of European Airlines report showed that between April and June this year the luggage system at Heathrow broke down 11 times. The British government, spurred on by angry airlines, passe
45、nger groups and an increasingly vocal media, has announced an enquiry into how the airport is run. Heathrow, like seven other major airports in the UK, is run by the British Airports Authority (BAA), who has been accused of putting the profits from the vast shopping malls in each terminal before inv
46、estment in security and staff. Ryanair, British Airways and the head of the International Air Transport Association have all criticized the running of the airport, blaming under-investment. A spokesman for Heathrow notes that all may not be lost quite yet. Ninety-seven percent of passengers get thro
47、ugh security after less than 10 minutes of queuing. The baggage rules for using UK airports have been the same for a while now, so travelers should be getting used to the plastic bags and one item of hand-luggage rule. And BAA is recommending that people dont turn up earlier than they should three h
48、ours for long-haul, two for short haul and 90 minutes for domestic should be fine. Heathrow has also employed 500 new security staff and opened nine new security lanes this year. And then theres Terminal Five, the gleaming, light-filled Richard Rodgers creation, complete with a landscaped civic spac
49、e, due to open in March 2008. It will be British Airways new home and should take the pressure off the rest of the airport. Far more suitable for a Leonardo-style sashay. 61 Leonardos performance conveys the idea that air travel is_. （ A） dangerous. （ B） enchanting. （ C） frustrating. （ D） time-consuming. 62 Which of the following statements is TRUE? （ A） Heathrow Airport has the largest surface area in the world. （ B） Heathrow Airport is about to collapse as a result of huge passenger numbers. （ C） The significant position of the airport in histo
