1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 57及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 People who have a lot of stress are more likely to become sick. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 2
2、 Our immune system in our bodies causes disease. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 Our brain can probably affect our immune system. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 Biologists found that there might be a connection between emotional factors, such as stress or depression, and illness. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 All the in
3、fected cadets became ill. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 6 The sick cadets were very good students. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 Many student nurses carried the virus in their blood and nearly all of them developed cold sores. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 Recently bereaved people are more likely to become ill or die t
4、han other people. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 9 There is positive proof of a connection between the immune system and stress or depression. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 Bereaved people often sleep less but eat more than normal, or may drink alcohol or take medicines. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: Y
5、ou will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 How many whales altogether does Japan plan to capture? （ A） 50. （ B） 935. （ C） 985. （ D） Thousands of. 12 Why did the International Whaling Commission ban comme
6、rcial whaling? （ A） In order to help understand whale stocks. （ B） In order to help understand the health of the Antarctic environment. （ C） In order to allow whale stocks to rebuild. （ D） In order to do scientific research. 13 What organization(s) hope public pressure will be more effective than la
7、wsuits? （ A） Australias Antarctic Whale Sanctuary. （ B） Australian government and environmental groups. （ C） The Hague. （ D） The International Court of Justice. 14 Which of the following students can most probably get a scholarship at Gallaudet? （ A） A student in financial need. （ B） A freshman who
8、does well. （ C） A sophomore from China whos been doing well. （ D） A senior from a developing country who does well currently. 15 Who is Robert Davila? （ A） The president of Gallaudet whom students protested against. （ B） The new president of the National Technical Institute for the Deaf. （ C） The ch
9、ief executive of Rochester Institute of Technology. （ D） The popular president of Gallaudet. 16 How much does an international graduate student pay at the National Technical Institute for the Deaf? （ A） $33,000 a year. （ B） $28,000 a year. （ C） $12,000 a year. （ D） $20,000 a year. 17 Which of the fo
10、llowing sustainability programs is NOT mentioned in Wal-Marts report? （ A） Organic food guarantee. （ B） Environmental programs. （ C） Economic development. （ D） Employee health care. 18 When did the Chief Executive Lee Scott set three green goals? （ A） Thursday. （ B） October 2005. （ C） Recently. （ D）
11、 September 2005. 19 Why is it a clever move to reduce environmental impact? （ A） It enhances companys image. （ B） It produces more products. （ C） It inspires employees morale. （ D） It saves money. 20 According to Environmental Defense, what could Wal-Mart do to improve its report? （ A） List the new
12、low-flow sinks. （ B） Use more new designs. （ C） Provide mom data and context. （ D） Specific the stores that the company work with. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THRE
13、E words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 What is causing global warming according to Dr. Patz? 22 Who are experiencing the most impacts from climate change? 23 What diseases are highly sensitive to climatic conditions
14、? 24 Apart from flooding and diarrhea, World Health Organization also observed _. 25 Between 1970 and 2000, _ people are estimated killed from warming every year. 26 Whats unique about Patzs paper is that the figures are from _. 27 The United States produced _ times the global average CO2 emissions
15、per person every year. 28 70 to 80 percent of the worlds malaria is in _. 29 What is the important issue Dr. Patz brought up in his paper? 30 What does Dr. Patz comment on the opinion that industrialized nations are immune to global warming problems? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directi
16、ons: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 31 The behavior of individuals is influenced by heredity, environment and culture. Culture includes rules of (31) an individual is expected to behave in a particular societ
17、y. Sometimes rules for behavior differ (32) one culture to another, and sometimes the rules are (33). The English and Mexican golden rules are very similar, if not in words, in sentiment. The English golden rule, “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you“, instructs people how to (34) with
18、others inside and outside the home. The Mexican golden rule, “Between individuals, as between nations, respect (35) other peoples rights means peace“, likewise instruct people how to behave with others. Perhaps because all cultures are equally concerned (36) their childrens manners, we find many (37
19、) similarities than differences in the way Mexicans and Americans teaching children the golden rule. In the (38) of strangers, the golden rule is applied similarly and differently in the two countries. In America, the family emphasizes independence and teaches children how to take (39) of themselves
20、. This lesson often includes a warning (40) they cant believe everyone and should be waxy of strangers. Children are taught what to do, how to use the phone, and (41) to call for help in (42) of emergency or trouble with a stranger. (43) Mexicans are not as wary of strangers. They also tell their ch
21、ildren to be careful of (44) and to tell an adult (45) help is needed. Mexicans may not need to warn their children about strangers quite (46) much as Americans do simply because, children, (47) are more dependent in Mexico, are with their parents most of the time. Possibly (48) independence is not
22、as big a cultural value in Mexico (49) in the United States. People give and accept help more readily. Children, then, are taught to help elderly people and pregnant women (50) helping them to cross the street or to carry a parcel. Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions
23、 which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 Cowbirds, like cuckoos, are brood parasites that is, they lay their eggs in the nests of other birds and leave those others to do the hard work of raising their changeling young. But there is a difference. A cuck
24、oo chick usually pushes the original nestlings out, so that it can monopolise the food brought by its unwitting adoptive parents. Cowbird chicks, by contrast, seem to tolerate their nestmates. That seems odd. So odd, in fact, that Jeffrey Hoover and Scott Robinson of the Illinois Natural History Sur
25、vey decided to look into the matter. What they found is that the host birds real chicks are pawns in a protection racket of a sort the Sicilian Mafia would be proud to have invented. The victims of the racket are prothonotary warblers. These birds do not reject cowbird eggs even though they look qui
26、te different from their own. That in itself is intriguing, for cuckoos, again in contrast to cowbirds, lay eggs that mimic those of their hosts. Dr. Hoover and Dr. Robinson demonstrated what was going on by erecting 182 warbler nestboxes at the top of narrow, greasy poles. The first phase of their s
27、tudy was observational. Over the course of six years, they watched 472 nests in which warblers had laid their eggs. Almost half of these were parasitised by cowbirds. But, parasitised or not, almost all protected as they were from ground-based predators successfully produced fledgling warblers. Then
28、 the experiment began. In the following seasons Dr. Hoover and Dr. Robinson removed cowbird eggs from some of the parasitised nests. At the same time, they reduced the diameter of the entrances to some of the nest boxes, in order to deny admission to cowbirds (which are larger than warblers). Warble
29、rs whose nests were thus protected did well, raising an average of four chicks to maturity in the absence of a cowbird parasite. Nests from which cowbird eggs had been removed, but which lacked protection, did badly. In fact, more than half of them were attacked. The eggs were pecked open and the ne
30、sts themselves torn to pieces. Nests thus attacked yielded, on average, but a single fledgling, whereas those with a cowbird egg in them yielded three warbler fledglings. Paying protection money in the form of food for the cowbird nestling thus looks a good deal from the warblers point of view, and
31、explains why cowbirds do not need to disguise their eggs to look like those of prothonotaries. The cowbirds dastardly Wicks do not stop at this protection racket, either, for a fifth of those warbler nests that had never had cowbird eggs in them also got destroyed. Dr. Hoover and Dr. Robinson ascrib
32、e this behaviour to a strategy they call “farming“. If warblers lose a clutch, they will often produce a second. If a cowbird female fails to lay in a warbler nest in time for her egg to hatch with those of the host, she can reset the clock in her favour by killing the first clutch. Even the Mafia n
33、ever thought of that one. 51 Both cowbird and cuckoo chicks_. （ A） are raised and grow up in other birds nests. （ B） are laid in other birds nest and push the original nestlings out. （ C） grow up with the original nestlings. （ D） are intolerant of the original nestlings. 52 The author refers to the
34、Sicilian Mafia in the second paragraph because_. （ A） cuckoos seem to be as cruel as the Sicilian Mafia. （ B） cowbird disguise their eggs to look like those of the hosts. （ C） cuckoos lay eggs quite similar to those of the hosts. （ D） cowbirds use the original nestlings for their own advantage. 53 A
35、ccording to the study by Dr. Hoover and Dr. Robinson, nests_. （ A） which were parasitised by cowbirds failed to produce young birds. （ B） which denied cowbirds access did no better than unprotected ones. （ C） which had no cowbird eggs but remained unprotected did the worst. （ D） with a cowbird egg i
36、n them produced the least young. 54 What do warblers do in order to be protected from cowbirds attack? （ A） They push the cowbirds eggs out. （ B） They provide food for the cowbirds young. （ C） They disguise their eggs to look like those of the cowbirds. （ D） They try to block the entrance to deny ad
37、mission to cowbirds. 55 Cowbirds do the following except_. （ A） use tricks that seem to be even unmatched by the Mafia. （ B） run protection businesses to make others raise their young. （ C） time the laying of eggs to coincide with that of the warblers. （ D） kill the warblers eggs to reset the time f
38、or warblers to hatch. 56 Three out of four British Bangladeshi children live below the poverty line. That was the biggest jolt in a series of sad reports on April 30th from the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Their focus was the link between ethnicity and poverty, which they found to be pretty robust. S
39、ome 40% of those from ethnic minorities live in poverty, it said, if poverty is defined as receiving 60% or less of the median income. This is double the proportion of whites. Even Indians and Chinese were much likelier than whites to be poor, despite trouncing them at school. The struggle to escape
40、 poverty begins with a big decision: whether to seek paid employment or work for oneself. Historically there has been a strong ethnic divide. South Asian and Chinese immigrants have been quick to set up businesses, whereas black Africans and Caribbeans have worked for others. Yet this pattern now ap
41、pears to be breaking up. Chinese and Indian men seem to be ditching the takeaways and newsagents, but black Caribbeans and Pakistanis are keener than ever to go into business for themselves. Ken Clark and Stephen Drinkwater, the authors of the Rowntree report, identify various characteristics that i
42、ncline workers to self-employment. Those who are born abroad or poorly qualified find it harder to get other jobs. Starting a business usually takes financial and human capital, so older people who own their own home and have families are more likely to set up shop. Educational achievement makes an
43、especially big difference in Britain, where graduates snootily consider sell-employment a last resort for dimwits unlike in America, where plenty of big brains make big bucks starting their own firms. If this is true, it is not surprising that Indians and Chinese are beginning to turn away from self
44、-employment. Whizzes at exams, young and increasingly likely to have been born in Britain, the latest generation is more apt to become doctors and lawyers than restaurateurs. Black Africans and Caribbeans, meanwhile, still lag behind at school and as a group are slightly older, which may explain the
45、ir swerve into business. A boom in the construction industry in which much black self-employment is based may also have contributed, along with government efforts to boost black entrepreneurship. The puzzle is Pakistanis. Though they share some characteristics with Indians and Chinese including impr
46、oved education levels and a youthful profile they are moving the other way. “Relative to their qualifications, they seem to get lower returns on paid employment than other groups“, says Mr. Drinkwater. That they persist in self-employment may be due to a lack of more rewarding alternatives. Why dont
47、 they find well-paid jobs as easily as others? “Discrimination is the thing we assume is left“, says Mr. Clark. But there are other factors: The concentration of Pakistanis in depressed textile towns makes it harder to find employment, and unwillingness to move away compounds this. Religion may also
48、 play its part. Interestingly, white Muslims seem to experience the same labour-market disadvantages as black and Asian ones. 56 The word “trouncing“ (Paragraph 1) probably means_. （ A） troubling. （ B） beating. （ C） annoying. （ D） competing. 57 Which of the following employment pattern is true for I
49、ndians in Britain now? （ A） More people are going into business for themselves. （ B） Most old people tend to work for others. （ C） They still dominate the takeaways and newsagents. （ D） They are less likely to set up their own businesses. 58 The following incline workers in Britain to self-employment except_. （ A） poor qualifications. （ B） immigrant background. （ C） ownership of a house. （ D） academic excellence. 59 Why are more Africans and Caribbeans going into business? （ A） They are more likely to b
