1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 93及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 Some modem cities are usually famous for people who live a very long time. （ A） Right （
2、 B） Wrong 2 A simple diet high in vitamins and sugar but low in fat and chemicals benefits those people in Hunza. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 People in Russia are also famous for their longevity. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 Shirali probably lived until 168;Tsurba probably lived until age 1 （ A） Right （ B） W
3、rong 5 People in the Caucasus Mountains not only live long but also have a good physical condition. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 6 One reason for the good health of the people in Vilcabamba must be the clean, beautiful environment. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 The diets of the people in the three regions are to
4、tally different. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 Most people in the mountains of Eduador drink a lot of coffee and alcohol, but they still live long. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 9 Calories, natural food, mountains and the distance from modem cities are the only common things in the three regions. （ A） Right （ B）
5、Wrong 10 Physical exercises and freedom from worry might be the two most important secrets of longevity. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 What does the
6、 speaker suggest that the students should do during the term? （ A） Consult with her frequently. （ B） Use the computer regularly. （ C） Occupy the computer early. （ D） Walt for ones turn patiently. 12 What service must be paid for? （ A） Computer classes. （ B） Training sessions. （ C） Laser printing. （
7、D） Package borrowing. 13 What is the talk mainly about? （ A） Computer lab services. （ B） College library facilities. （ C） The use of micro-computers. （ D） Printouts from the laser printer. 14 According to the woman, what governs the clothes we wear? （ A） A desire to express oneself and show ones wea
8、lth. （ B） Individual taste and love for beauty. （ C） Love for beauty and a desire to impress other people. （ D） Individual taste and a desire to express oneself. 15 Judging by the extraordinarily warm clothes some people wear,what might we learn about them? （ A） They may be homesick and feel insecur
9、e. （ B） They are either cold or very sick. （ C） They may try to attract other peoples attention. （ D） They want to protect themselves from physical injuries. 16 What is the relationship between the man and the woman in the dialogue? （ A） Reporter and fashion designer. （ B） Husband and wife. （ C） Sho
10、p assistant and customer. （ D） Teacher and student. 17 Who is the speaker? （ A） A poet. （ B） A teacher. （ C） A student. （ D） An artist. 18 What was the discussion topic of the previous class meeting? （ A） New England mystery stories. （ B） Eighteenth-century English criticism. （ C） A comparison of po
11、ems of Dickinson and Whitman. （ D） The poems of Walt Whitman. 19 How did Emily Dickinson differ from Walt Whitman? （ A） She published poems frequently. （ B） She seldom left home. （ C） She lived in an earlier era. （ D） She spoke a different language. 20 What will the class do now? （ A） Hear another r
12、eport. （ B） Discuss one of Emily Dickinsons poems. （ C） Hear a lecture given by the teacher. （ D） Discuss poems they have written themselves. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MOR
13、E THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 Where was the letter probably placed many years ago? 22 What was there under a rock once at the southern trip of Africa? 23 How long did the journey take from Englan
14、d to India in the old days? 24 Where could the boats find the letters at Cape Horn? 25 What was marked on each box inside the tree in Washington? 26 Who did the people usually give letters to after the English colonists just arrived at America? 27 Where was the mail at a plantation passed on to me?
15、28 How long did it take for a letter sent by a post rider to reach the addressee between New York and Boston? 29 What did Franklin set up between the northern and southern colonies? 30 What was used to carry most mail after the colonies became a nation? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Dire
16、ctions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 30 Psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards， from【 C1】_praise to cold cash， affect motivation and creativity Behaviorists，【 C2】_research the relation
17、【 C3】 _actions and their consequences argue that rewards Can improve performance at work and school Cognitive researchers， who study various aspects of mental life， maintain【 C4】 _rewards often destroy creativity【 C5】 _encouraging dependence【 C6】 _approval and gifts from others The latter view has g
18、ained many supporters， especially【 C7】 _educators But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks【 C8】 _in grade-school children， suggesting【 C9】 _properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness，【 C10】 _to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology “If kids know th
19、eyre working for a【 C11】 _and can focus【 C12】 _a relatively challenging task， they show the most creativity”， says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark “But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for【 C13】 _performance or creating too【 C14】 _anticipation for rewards ” A
20、teacher【 C15】 _continually draws attention to rewards or who hands【 C16】_high grades for ordinary achievement ends up【 C17】 _discouraged students， Eisenberger holds【 C18】 _an example of the latter point， he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing【
21、 C19】 _ In earlier grades， the use of so-called token economies， in【 C20】 _students handle challenging problem sand receive performance-based points toward valued rewards， shows promise in raising effort and creativity， the Delaware psychologist claims 31 【 C1】 32 【 C2】 33 【 C3】 34 【 C4】 35 【 C5】 36
22、 【 C6】 37 【 C7】 38 【 C8】 39 【 C9】 40 【 C10】 41 【 C11】 42 【 C12】 43 【 C13】 44 【 C14】 45 【 C15】 46 【 C16】 47 【 C17】 48 【 C18】 49 【 C19】 50 【 C20】 Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 50
23、Today TV audiences all over the world are accustomed to the sight of American astronauts in tip-top condition, with fair hair, crew-cuts, good teeth, an uncomplicated sense of humour and a severely limited non-technical vocabulary. What marks out an astronaut from his earthbound fellow human beings
24、is something of a difficult problem. Should you wish to interview him, you must apply beforehand, and you must be prepared for a longish wait, even if your application meets with success. It is. in any case, out of the question to interview an astronaut about his family life or personal activities,
25、because all the astronauts have contracts with an American magazine under conditions forbidding any unauthorized disclosures about their private lives. Certain obvious qualifies are needed. Anyone who would be a spaceman must be in perfect health, must have powers of concentration(since work inside
26、a spacecraft is exceptionally demanding)and must have considerable courage. Again, space-work calls for dedication. Courage and dedication are particularly essential. In the well-known case of the Challenger seven crew members lost their lives in space because of the faulty equipment in the shuttle.
27、 Another must be outstanding scientific expertise. It goes without saying that they all have to have professional aeronautical qualifications and experience. A striking feature of the astronauts is their ages. For the younger man, in his twenties, say, space is out. Only one of the fifty men working
28、 for NASA in 1970 was under 30. The oldest astronaut to date is Alan Shepard, Americas first man in space, who, at nearly fifty, was also the man who captained Apollo 13. The average age is the late thirties. The crew members of Apollo 11 were all born well before the Second World War. In 1986 the C
29、hallenger astronauts had an average age of 39. The range was from 35 to 46. In a society where marital continuity is not always exhibited, the astronautsrecord in this respect hits you in the eye. Of all the married men in NASA group, only two or three are divorced from their wives. Mind you. it is
30、hard to tell whether something in the basic character of an astronaut encourages fidelity or whether the selection process demands that a candidate should be happily married. The NASA astronauts live in unattractive small communities dotted here and there around the base in Texas. You would expect t
31、hem to find their friends from among their professional associates, but this is not the case. Rather, they prefer to make friends with the normal folk in their districts. Astronauts, like everybody else, must get fed up with talking shop all the time, and whereas they are indeed an elite, their dail
32、y life outside work should be as normal as possible, if only for the sake of their families. As for the astronautspolitical leanings, they seem to be towards the right. This may be due to the fact that a large proportion of the astronauts have a military background. On the other hand, it could be ju
33、st coincidence. 51 Details of the private life of an astronaut are hard to come by, because they are_. （ A） his own business and privacy （ B） secrets as far as interviews are concerned （ C） the property of an American magazine （ D） the first-rate national confidential information 52 To audience, the
34、 typical American astronaut_. （ A） has a limited vocabulary （ B） is a clean-cut, cheerful and frank guy （ C） cant understand a sophisticated joke （ D） is well-built but rather slow-witted 53 In politics, astronauts are generally_. （ A） democrats （ B） republicans （ C） conservatives （ D） communists 54
35、 The phrase“talking shop”(Line 4, Para. 6)probably means_ （ A） talking about shopping （ B） discussing ones work with colleagues （ C） exchanging personal news （ D） talking with friends in a group 55 Which of the statements is NOT true? （ A） Astronauts have a good job which demands high. （ B） The divo
36、rce rate in NASA is very low. （ C） The NASA astronauts mostly find friends from among their work. （ D） There is no younger man in his twenties in the spaceship. 55 Defenders of special protective labor legislation for women often maintain that eliminating such laws would destroy the fruits of a cent
37、ury-long struggle for the protection of women workers. Even a brief examination of the historic practice of courts and employers would show that the fruit of such laws has been bitter; they are, in practice, more of a curse than a blessing. Sex-defined protective laws have often been based on stereo
38、typical assumptions concerning womens needs and abilities, and employers have frequently used them as legal excuses for discriminating against women. After the Second World War, for example, businesses and government sought to persuade women to vacate jobs in factories, thus making room in the labor
39、 force for returning veterans. The revival or passage of state laws limiting the daily or weekly work hours of women conveniently accomplished this. Employers had only to declare that overtime hours were a necessary condition of employment or promotion in their factory, and women could be quite lega
40、lly fired, refused jobs, or kept at low wage levels, all in the name of“protecting”their health. By validating such laws when they are challenged by lawsuits, the courts have colluded over the years in establishing different, 1ess advantageous employment terms for women than for men, thus reducing w
41、omens competitiveness on the job market. At the same time, even the most well-intentioned lawmakers, courts, and employers have often been blind to the real needs of women. The lawmakers and the courts continue to permit employers to offer employee health insurance plans that cover all known human m
42、edical disabilities except those relating to pregnancy and childbirth. Finally, labor laws protecting only special groups are often ineffective at protecting the workers who are actually in the workplace. Some chemicals, for example, pose reproductive risks for women of childbearing years； manufactu
43、rers using the chemicals comply with laws protecting women against these hazards by refusing to hire them. Thus the sex-defined legislation protects the hypothetical female worker, but has no effect whatever on the safety of any actual employee. The health risks to male employees in such industries
44、cannot be negligible. since chemicals toxic enough to cause birth defects in fetuses or sterility in women are presumably harmful to the human metabolism. Protective laws aimed at changing production materials or techniques in order to reduce such hazards would benefit all employees without discrimi
45、nating against any. In sum, protective labor laws for women are discriminatory and do not meet their intended purpose. Legislators should recognize that women are in the work force to stay, and that their needsgood health care. a decent wage,and a safe workplaceare the needs of all workers. Laws tha
46、t ignore these facts violate womens rights for equal protection in employment. 56 According to the author, which of the following resulted from the passage or revival of state 1aws limiting the work hours of women workers? （ A） Women workers were compelled to leave their jobs in factories. （ B） Many
47、 employers had difficulty in providing jobs for returning veterans. （ C） Many employers found it hard to attract women workers. （ D） The health of most women factory workers improved. 57 According to the first paragraph of the passage, the author considers which of the following to be most helpful i
48、n determining the value of special protective labor legislation for women? （ A） A comparative study of patterns of work-related illnesses in states that had such laws and in states mat did not. （ B） An estimate of how many women workers are in favor of such laws. （ C） An analysis of the cost to empl
49、oyers of complying with such laws. （ D） An examination of the actual effects that such laws have had in the past 0n women workers. 58 The main point of the passage is that special protective labor laws for women workers are_ （ A） unnecessary because most workers are well protected by existing labor laws （ B） harmful to the economic interests of women workers while offering them little or no actual protection （ C） not worth pres
