1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 109及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 What is Cathy fed up with? _ o
3、n packing cases 7 How much will a new chair cost? 8 When will they be at Portobello Road ? 9 What have they bought at Portobello Road ? 10 The curtains are beautiful but they are very _. PART C Directions: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 sec
4、onds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE. 11 How much did the sales of all makes of desktop machines drop
5、in the third quarter? （ A） 46.8 percent （ B） 43.8 percent （ C） 53.8 percent （ D） 56.8 percent 12 Waldir, Arevolo is a/an _at the Gartner group in Brazil. （ A） senior economy advisor （ B） junior economy analyst （ C） senior research analyst （ D） junior legal advisor 13 Brazilian households think they
6、can only afford _. （ A） a weekly payment （ B） a monthly payment （ C） a quarterly payment （ D） an annual payment 14 We holds these truths to be self evident that_. （ A） all men are created equal （ B） every one has the right of receiving education （ C） both whites and blacks are the sons of God （ D） a
7、ll men are the sons of God 15 Martin hopes that one day the children will not be judged by the color of their skin, but_. （ A） by the content of their characters （ B） by the language they speak （ C） by the work they do （ D） by the education they receive 16 I have a dream that one day every hill and
8、mountain shall be_. （ A） exalted （ B） made low （ C） made plain （ D） made straight 17 Americans fully expect the president to _. （ A） keep his promise. （ B） fulfill his party obligations. （ C） declare a war on terrorism. （ D） retreat the army from Asia. 18 Before Wednesday, Bush tended to politics _.
9、 （ A） more coldly （ B） much enthusiastically （ C） more quietly （ D） much indifferently 19 Its_, said independent pollster Andrew Kohut. （ A） a ridiculous political act. （ B） a tricky balancing act. （ C） just an unreasonable plan （ D） just a funny thing 20 When did Bush meet privately with his brothe
10、rs political supporters? （ A） After a town meeting in Orlando on Dec. 4 （ B） Before his visiting to National Forest Park. （ C） During the time he met his brother privately on Oct.5 （ D） During a town meeting on Oct. 5 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Cho
11、ose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 In recent years a new farming revolution has begun, one that involves the 【 21】_ of life at a fundamental levelthe gene. The study of genetics has 【 22】_ a new industry called biotechnology. As the name suggest, it
12、 【 23】 _ biology and modem technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies specialize in agriculture and are working feverishly to 【 24】 _ seeds that give a high yield, that 【 25】 _ diseases, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for 【 26】 _ chemica
13、ls. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most 【 27】 _ . But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops. In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain 【 28】 _ . A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato. Genetic e
14、ngineering, 【 29】 _ usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another 【 30】 _ to transfer a desired Characteristic. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze 【 31】 _ from an artic fish, and inserting it int
15、o a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. 【 32】 _ , then, biotechnology allows humans to 【 33】 _ the genetic walls that separate species. Like the green revolution, 【 34】 _ some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformitysome say even more so 【 35】 _ genetici
16、sts can employ techniques such as cloning and 【 36】 _ culture(培养 ), processes that produce perfectly 【 37】 _ copies. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new 【 38】_ , such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment
17、. “We are flying blindly into a 【 39】 _ of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential 【 40】 _ ,“ said science writer Jeremy Rifkin. 21 【 21】 （ A） manipulation （ B） management （ C） manufacture （ D） maturity 22 【 22】 （ A） got along with （ B） given ris
18、e to （ C） come up with （ D） lived up to 23 【 23】 （ A） broods （ B） breeds （ C） blends （ D） blasts 24 【 24】 （ A） hatch （ B） train （ C） duplicate （ D） patent 25 【 25】 （ A） restrict （ B） resist （ C） reverse （ D） retrieve 26 【 26】 （ A） hostile （ B） hydraulic （ C） hazardous （ D） harmless 27 【 27】 （ A） ben
19、eficial （ B） disappointing （ C） surprising （ D） extreme 28 【 28】 （ A） lines （ B） limits （ C） space （ D） ages 29 【 29】 （ A） after all （ B） on the other hand （ C） in any case （ D） as s rest 30 【 30】 （ A） to the point （ B） in no case （ C） in an attempt （ D） with regard 31 【 31】 （ A） quality （ B） proper
20、ty （ C） priority （ D） quantity 32 【 32】 （ A） In essence （ B） In part （ C） In advance （ D） In return 33 【 33】 （ A） brake （ B） blaze （ C） breach （ D） brand 34 【 34】 （ A） what （ B） as （ C） where （ D） so 35 【 35】 （ A） that （ B） because （ C） if （ D） when 36 【 36】 （ A） skin （ B） tissue （ C） organ （ D） mus
21、cle 37 【 37】 （ A） resembling （ B） alike （ C） similar （ D） identical 38 【 38】 （ A） issues （ B） height （ C） difficulties （ D） goals 39 【 39】 （ A） spot （ B） era （ C） deadline （ D） scheme 40 【 40】 （ A） navigation （ B） mystery （ C） outcomes （ D） destination Part B Directions: Read the following four text
22、s. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunitiesas well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the
23、 principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awar
24、ded federal contracts of more than 500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works eon- trac
25、ts to minority enterprises. Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from 77 million in 1972 to 1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses fo
26、r the early 1980s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no let up anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since
27、 most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippli
28、ng fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get re- quests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small companys efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health o
29、f the business will suffer. A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many in- stances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority e
30、nterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts“ with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures. Third,
31、 a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often run the danger of becomingand remaining-dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce com- petition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer ba
32、ses: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success. 41 The author write this passage to_. （ A） present an idea and its inaccuracies （ B） describe a situation and its potential d
33、rawbacks （ C） propose a temporary solution to a problem （ D） explore the implications of a finding 42 The passage supplies information that would answer which of the following questions? （ A） What federal agencies have set percentage goals for the use of minority-owned businesses in public works con
34、tracts? （ B） To which government agencies must businesses awarded federal contracts report their efforts to find minority subcontractors? （ C） What is one set of conditions under which a small business might find itself financially o- ver-extended? （ D） How many more minority-owned businesses were t
35、here in 1977 than in 1972? 43 According to the passage, civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionally had to labor is that they have （ A） disadvantage in the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. （ B） b
36、een denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors. （ C） not had sufficient opportunity to secure business created by large corporations. （ D） not had adequate representation in the centers of government power. 44 Which of the following word is closest in meaning to the w
37、ord “crippling“ in paragraph 3? （ A） disabled. （ B） increasing. （ C） fatal. （ D） unbearable. 45 The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors? （ A） Annoyed by the proliferation of “front“ organizations, corp
38、orations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future. （ B） Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government co
39、ntracts. （ C） The significant response of corporations in the 1970s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980s. （ D） Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned businesses, a shortage of capita in the 1970s made substantial response impossible. 4
40、5 The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for more than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted hang-glider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and e
41、xactly what these creatures werereptiles or birdsare among the questions scientists have puzzled over. Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not
42、 e- valve into the class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a wing like membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharp claws. In birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing, which consists primarily of feathers. If th
43、e pterosaurs walked on all fours, the three short fingers may have been employed for grasping. When a pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V-shape along each side of the animals body. The pterosaurs resembled
44、 both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a savings in weight. In the birds, however, these
45、bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts. Although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T.H. Huxley reasoned that flying vertebrates must have been warm-blooded because flying implies a high rate of metabolism, which in turn implies a high internal
46、temperature. Huxley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the body to reduce drag in flight. The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and relatively thick hairlike fossil material was the first clear evidence that his
47、 reasoning was correct. Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became airborne have led to suggestions that they launched themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees or even by rising into light winds from the crests of waves. Each hypothesis has its difficulties. The first wrongly assu
48、mes that the pterosaurs hind feet resembled a bats and could serve as hooks by which the animal could hang in preparation for flight. The second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without damaging their wings. The third calls for high waves to channel u
49、pdrafts. The wind that made such waves however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne. 46 It can be inferred from the passage that scientists now generally agree that the _. （ A） enormous wingspan of the pterosaurs enabled them to fly great distances （ B） structure of the skeleton of the pterosaurs suggests a close evolutionary relation
