1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 199及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup next time? _ （ A） How much exercise they get every day. （ B） What they are most worried about. （ C） How long their parents accompany them daily. （ D） What entertainment they are interested in. 12 The academy sugge
5、sts that children under age two_. （ A） get enough entertainment （ B） have more activities （ C） receive early education （ D） have regular checkups 13 According to the report, childrens bedrooms should_. （ A） be no place for play （ B） be near a common area （ C） have no TV sets （ D） have a computer for
6、 study 14 According to the speaker, what should one pay special attention to if he wants to save up? （ A） Family debts. （ B） Bank savings. （ C） Monthly bills. （ D） Spending habits 15 How much can a person save by retirement if he gives up his pack-a-day habit? _ （ A） $190,000. （ B） $330,000. （ C） $5
7、00,000. （ D） $1,000,000. 16 What should one do before paying monthly bills, if he wants to accumulate wealth? （ A） Invest into a mutual fund. （ B） Use the discount tickets. （ C） Quit his eating-out habit. （ D） Use only paper bills and save coins. 17 What is Dr . Francis? _ （ A） A teacher of English
8、in Cambridge. （ B） A specialist in computer science. （ C） A consultant to a Scottish company. （ D） A British tourist to China. 18 What is the approximate temperature in Cambridge in summer? _ （ A） 22C . （ B） 23C . （ C） 25C . （ D） 34C . 19 Where does Dr. Francis suggest Li Ming should stay in Cambrid
9、ge? _ （ A） With an English family. （ B） In a flat near the college. （ C） With a language teacher. （ D） In a student dormitory. 20 What is the point Dr. Francis is making when he mentions Ali? _ （ A） Some things cannot be learned from books. （ B） Foreign students are very much alike. （ C） Choice of w
10、here to live varies from person to person. （ D） Convenience is his first consideration in choosing where to live. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Everyone knows tha
11、t taxation is necessary in a modern state: 21 it, it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us; 22 the workers in government offices who 23 our health, our food, our water, and all 24 things that we can not do for ourselves. By 25 of taxation, we pay for things that we n
12、eed as 26 as we need somewhere to live and something to eat. In most countries, a direct tax on persons, 27 is called income tax, exists. It is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay 28 , and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayers 29 grows. In England, for example, the tax
13、on the 30 people goes up as high as ninety-five percent! But countries with direct taxation nearly always have 31 taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or “duties“. 32 , it is the men and women who buy the imported things in the shops who really 33 pay the duties, in
14、the 34 of higher prices. In some countries, too, there is a tax 35 things sold in the shops. If the most necessaary things are taxed, a lot of money is collected, but the poor people suffer 36 . If unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed, 37 is obtained,but the tax is fairer, as the 3
15、8 pay it. Probably this last kind of indirect tax, 39 with a direct on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is 40 arrangement. （ A） because of （ B） instead of （ C） with （ D） without （ A） so （ B） nor （ C） not （ D） all （ A） look after （ B） sympathize （ C） consider （ D） see （ A） oth
16、er （ B） others （ C） the other （ D） many （ A） mean （ B） means （ C） a means （ D） the means （ A） many （ B） well （ C） more （ D） much （ A） which （ B） what （ C） that （ D） it （ A） a lot （ B） most （ C） nothing （ D） more （ A） income （ B） population （ C） tax （ D） amount （ A） poor （ B） working （ C） rich （ D） r
17、ichest （ A） no （ B） income （ C） indirect （ D） direct （ A） However （ B） So （ C） Of course （ D） By chance （ A） have to （ B） will （ C） are willing to （ D） should （ A） way （ B） form （ C） name （ D） terms （ A） about （ B） on （ C） for （ D） form （ A） least （ B） highly （ C） less （ D） most （ A） less money （ B）
18、 more money （ C） fewer money （ D） most money （ A） people （ B） poor （ C） rich （ D） country （ A） including （ B） along （ C） dealing （ D） and （ A） the best （ B） the worst （ C） good （ D） better Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D
19、 . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further resear
20、ch. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found
21、to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur“ does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer,
22、more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom. A compa
23、rison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worth
24、while research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall
25、 result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a
26、 logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the am
27、ateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way. Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twen
28、tieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science. 41 The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as_. （ A） society and chemistry （ B） physics and ps
29、ychology （ C） sociology and psychology （ D） physics and chemistry 42 We can infer from the passage that_. （ A） there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation （ B） amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science （ C） professionals tend to welcome amateurs
30、into the scientific community （ D） amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones 43 The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate_. （ A） the process of specialisation and professionalisation （ B） the hardship of amateurs in scientific study （ C） the change of policies
31、in scientific publications （ D） the discrimination of professionals against amateurs 44 The direct reason for specialisation is_. （ A） the development in communication （ B） the growth of professionalisation （ C） the expansion of scientific knowledge （ D） the splitting of academic societies 44 A grea
32、t deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new
33、, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic. There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access after all, the more peopl
34、e online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will
35、narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that weve ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isnt the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But i
36、t has enormous potential. To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of in
37、frastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didnt have the capital to do so. And that is why Americas Second Wave infrastructure including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on were built with f
38、oreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britains former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. T
39、he more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off youre going to be. That doesnt mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how import
40、ant they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet. 45 Digital divide is something_. （ A） getting worse because of the Internet （ B） the rich countries are responsible for （ C） the world must guard against （ D） considered positive today 4
41、6 Governments attach importance to the Internet because it_. （ A） offers economic potentials （ B） can bring foreign funds （ C） can soon wipe out world poverty （ D） connects people all over the world 47 The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_. （ A） providing finan
42、cial support overseas （ B） preventing foreign capitals control （ C） building industrial infrastructure （ D） accepting foreign investment 48 It seems that now a countrys economy depends much on_. （ A） how well-developed it is electronically （ B） whether it is prejudiced against immigrants （ C） whethe
43、r it adopts Americas industrial pattern （ D） how much control it has over foreign corporations 48 Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analy
44、sis known as the journalism credibility project. Sad to say,this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes,combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. But the sources of distru
45、st go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each days events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confu
46、sing news. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates“ of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size, cities around the country, plus
47、one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions. Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and theyre less likely to
48、go to church to do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community. Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isnt rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportoria
49、l skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers. This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so m
