1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 231及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 Why Sonora Louise Smart Dodd wanted to celebrate Fathers Day? _ （ A） Because she thought man and woman should be equal. （ B） Because the president Washington asked her to do so. （ C） Because she wanted to show respect to her father who brought up six children. （ D） Because she
5、could not celebrate Mothers Day. 12 What day did Sonora choose as Fathers Day? _ （ A） June 19th. （ B） the third Sunday in June. （ C） the second Sunday in June. （ D） June 13th. 13 Which president in the United States establish Fathers Day as a permanent national observance? _ （ A） George Washington.
6、（ B） Calvin Coolidge. （ C） Richard Nixon. （ D） Lybdon Johnson. 14 According to the speaker, what should one pay special attention to if he wants to save up? （ A） Family debts （ B） Bank savings （ C） Monthly bills （ D） Spending habits 15 How much can a person save by retirement if he gives up his pack
7、-a-day habit? （ A） $190,000 （ B） $330,000 （ C） $500,000 （ D） $1,000,000 16 What should one do before paying monthly bills, if he wants to accumulate wealth? （ A） Invest into a mutual fund （ B） Use the discount tickets （ C） Quit his eating-out habit （ D） Use only paper bills and save coins 17 Which w
8、ord best describes the lawyers prediction of the change in divorce rate? （ A） Fall. （ B） Rise. （ C） V-shape. （ D） Zigzag. 18 What do people nowadays desire to do concerning their marriage? _ （ A） To embrace changes of thought. （ B） To adapt to the disintegrated family life. （ C） To return to the pra
9、ctice in the 60s and 70s. （ D） To create stability in their lives. 19 Why did some people choose not to divorce 20 years ago? _ （ A） They feared the complicated procedures. （ B） They wanted to go against the trend. （ C） They were afraid of losing face. （ D） They were willing to stay together. 20 Yea
10、rs ago a divorced man in a company would have_. （ A） been shifted around the country （ B） had difficulty being promoted （ C） enjoyed a happier life （ D） tasted little bitterness of disgrace 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each n
11、umbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Even plants can run a fever, especially when they are under attack by insects or diseases. But 21 humans, plants can have their temperature 22 from 3,000 feet away straight up. A decade ago, 23 the infrared(红外线的 )scanning technology developed
12、 for military purpose and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley 24 a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine 25 ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmer 26 target pesticide spraying 27 rain poison on a whole field, which 28 include plants that dont have the pest problem.
13、 Even better, Paleys Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problem before they became 29 to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet 30 , an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were 31 into a color-coded map showing 32 plants were running “fevers“. Farme
14、rs could then spot spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they 33 would. The bad news is that Paleys company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers 34 the new technology and long-term backers were hard 35 But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refineme
15、nts in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to 36 into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. “This technique can be used 37 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States,“ says George Oerther of Texas A and local benefits go mainly to a small ruling group whose interest
16、s are tied to those of the foreigners rather than to those of their own people. The effect is to further increase export dependency and to limit the less developed countries control of their own economies. It seems that both the modernization and world-system approaches may be valid in certain respe
17、cts. The modernization model does help us make sense of the historical fact of industrialization and of the various internal adjustments that societies undergo during this process. The world-system model reminds us that countries do not develop in isolation. They do so in a context of fierce interna
18、tional political and economic competition, a competition whose outcome favors the stronger parties. Today, the less developed countries are struggling to achieve in the course of a few years the material advantages that the older industrialized nations have taken generations to gain. The result is o
19、ften a tug-of-war between the forces of modernization and the sentiments of tradition, with serious social disturbance as the result. The responses have taken many different forms:military overthrow by army officers determined to impose social order; fundamentalist religious movements urging a retur
20、n to absolute moralities and certainties of the past;nationalism as a new ideology to unite the people for the challenge of modernization. And sometimes social change takes place in a way that is not evolutionary, but revolutionary. 41 Why do the less developed countries welcome the multinationals?
21、（ A） Because multinationals are more developed. （ B） Because multinationals bring investment and jobs. （ C） Because multinationals conduct their operations through branches. （ D） Because multinationals are wealthier. 42 Which of the following is NOT the problems brought by multinationals? （ A） They
22、limit the host countries control of their own economies. （ B） Profits are frequently exported rather than reinvested. （ C） Various industries develop in the host country. （ D） They increase the host countries export dependency. 43 Which of the following is most likely to benefit from the fierce inte
23、rnational political and economic competition? （ A） The host industries. （ B） the local people. （ C） Those stronger and richer countries. （ D） The local ruling group. 44 what does the word“tug-of-war“probably refer to? （ A） Serious social disorder. （ B） Military overthrow by army officers. （ C） Fierc
24、e international political and economic competition. （ D） Struggle between modernization and the sentiments of tradition. 45 What is the root cause of serious social disturbance in less developed countries? （ A） Violent social change. （ B） Military overthrow. （ C） Nationalism. （ D） Fundamentalist rel
25、igious movements. 45 A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible
26、then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic. There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize acces
27、s after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now belie
28、ve the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that weve ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isnt the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not t
29、he only tool we have. But it has enormous potential. To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might w
30、ell study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didnt have the capital to do so. And that is why Americas Second Wave infrastructure including roads, harbors, highways, ports
31、and so on were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britains former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywh
32、ere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off youre going to be. That doesnt mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does
33、mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet. 46 Digital divide is something_. （ A） getting worse because of the Internet （ B） the rich countries are responsible for （ C） the world must guard against （ D）
34、considered positive today 47 Governments attach importance to the Internet because it_. （ A） offers economic potentials （ B） can bring foreign funds （ C） can soon wipe out world poverty （ D） connects people all over the world 48 The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the polic
35、y of_. （ A） providing financial support overseas （ B） preventing foreign capitals control （ C） building industrial infrastructure （ D） accepting foreign investment 49 It seems that now a countrys economy depends much on_. （ A） how well-developed it is electronically （ B） whether it is prejudiced aga
36、inst immigrants （ C） whether it adopts Americas industrial pattern （ D） how much control it has over foreign corporations 49 The history of English is conventionally, if perhaps too neatly, divided into three periods usually called Old (or Anglo-Saxon) English, Middle English, and Modern English. Th
37、e earliest period begins with the migration of certain Germanic tribes from the continent to Britain in the fifth century A. D, though no records of their language survive from before the seventh century, and it continues until the end of the seventh century or a bit later. By that time, Latin, Old
38、Norse (the language of the Viking invaders), and especially the Anglo-Norman French of the dominant class after the Norman Conquest in 1066 had begun to have a substantial impact on the vocabulary, and the well-developed inflectional (词尾变化的 ) system that typifies the grammar of Old English had begun
39、 to break down. The period of Middle English extends roughly from the twelfth century through the fifteenth. The influence of French (and Latin, often by way of French) upon the vocabulary continued throughout the period, the loss of some inflections and the reduction of others accelerated, and many
40、 changes took place within the grammatical systems of the language. A typical prose passage, especially one from the later part of the period, will not have such a foreign look to us as the prose of Old English, but it will not be mistaken for contemporary writing either. The period of Modern Englis
41、h extends from the sixteenth century to our own day. The early part of this period saw the completion of a revolution in vowel distribution that had begun in late Middle English and that effectively brought the language to something resembling its present pattern. Other important early developments
42、include the stabilizing effect on spelling of the printing press and the beginning of the direct influence of Latin, and to a lesser extent, Greek on the vocabulary. Later, as English came into contact with other cultures around the world and distinctive dialects of English developed in the many are
43、as which Britain, had colonized, numerous other languages made small but interesting contributions to our word-stock. 50 The earliest written record of English available to us started_. （ A） from the seventh century （ B） from the fifth century （ C） from the twelfth century （ D） from the ninth centur
44、y 51 What is the main feature of the grammar of Old English?_ （ A） The influence of Latin. （ B） A revolution in vowel distribution. （ C） A well-developed inflectional system. （ D） Loss of some inflections. 52 What can be inferred from the passage? _ （ A） Even an educated person can not read Old Engl
45、ish without special training. （ B） A person who knows French well can understand Old English. （ C） An educated person can understand Old English but can not pronounce it. （ D） A person can pronounce Old English words but cant understand them. 53 Which of the following is NOT mentioned? _ （ A） French
46、. （ B） Latin. （ C） Greek. （ D） German. 54 What is the most remarkable characteristic of Modern English? _ （ A） Numerous additions to its vocabulary. （ B） Completion of a revloution in vowel distribution. （ C） Gradual changes in its grammatical system. （ D） The direct influence of Latin. 54 In the 21
47、st century theres no doubt that frightening new infectious diseases will appear. Today new viruses are coming out of nature and “discovering“ the human species. Just since 1994, at least 30 new viruses have appeared. Viruses are moving into the human species because there are more of us all the time
48、. From a virus point of view, we look like a free lunch thats getting bigger. In nature viral diseases tend to break out when populations increase rapidly and become densely packed. Then many deaths occur and the population drops. This is natures population-control mechanism. There is no reason to t
49、hink the human race is free from the laws of nature. Giving these laws an extra push will be the rise of megacities huge densely packed cities in less developed nations. A United Nations study predicts that by the year 2015, there will be 26 extremely big cities on the planet. By then, some megacities could have 30 million or more people. That is approximately the total population of California. Imagine all the people in California crowded together tightly into one vast city. The
