1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 310及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 0 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 5 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What is the conversation mainly about? （ A） A standard unit for measuring weight. （ B） How to care for precious metals. （ C） The value of precious metals. （ D） Using the metric system. 12 How is the weight used? （ A） To measure amounts of rainfall. （ B） To check the accuracy of
5、 scales. （ C） To observe changes in the atmosphere. （ D） To calculate the density of other metals. 13 What does Doctor Thomas probably think about the cost of the new weight? （ A） It is too high for such a light weight. （ B） It is difficult to judge the value of such an object. （ C） It is a small am
6、ount to pay for so much precious metal. （ D） It is reasonable for an object with such an important function. 14 Why does a newborn baby have to spend the first year of his life learning to listen? （ A） Because he likes learning. （ B） Because his hearing center is still immature. （ C） Because his ear
7、s are immature. （ D） Because he wants to know how to use his ears. 15 What s a newborn baby s reaction to a loud noise near him? （ A） Get angry. （ B） Look away. （ C） Begin crying. （ D） Ignore it. 16 When does a baby begin to use more vowels and consonants? （ A） When he is pleased. （ B） As he grows.
8、（ C） When he gets angry. （ D） When he hears other baby crying. 17 Why are we far from satisfied with our basic needs? （ A） Because we should save extra money for future expenditure. （ B） Because we have other wants in addition to our basic needs. （ C） Because we all enjoy reading books. （ D） Because
9、 man is never satisfied even if he has everything he wants. 18 What can be inferred from the passage? （ A） We should be satisfied with our life. （ B） We should develop good habits. （ C） A reliable income makes the satisfactory standard of living possible. （ D） To provide for future expenditure is wi
10、se. 19 “Shelter“ refers to （ A） safe. （ B） shell. （ C） house. （ D） income. 20 “Expenditure“ means （ A） exercise. （ B） expense. （ C） style. （ D） cost. Part A 20 Using a public telephone may well be one of the minor irritations of life, demanding patience, determination and a strong possibility of fai
11、lure together on occasion with considerable unpopularity. The hopeful【 B1】 _(shall we call him George?) waits till six o clock in the evening to take【 B2】 _of the so-called “cheap rates“ for a long distance call. The telephone box, with two broken panes of glass in the side, stands at the【 B3】 _of t
12、wo main roads with buses , lorries and cars roaring past. It is pouring with rain as George【 B4】 _a queue of four depressed-looking people. Time passes slowly and seems to come to a standstill【 B5】 _the person immediately before George【 B6】 _on an endless conversation, pausing only to insert another
13、 coin every minute or so. Eventually the receiver is replaced and the caller leaves the【 B7】 _. George enters and picks up one of the directories inside, only to discover that someone unknown has torn out the【 B8】 _page he needs. Nothing for it but to dial Directory Enquiries. He waits patiently for
14、 a reply (while someone outside【 B9】_repeatedly on the door) and finally notes down the number given. At last George can go【 B10】 _with his call. Just as he is starting to dial, however, the door opens and an unpleasant-looking face peers in with the demand “can t you hurry up?“.【 B11】 _such barbari
15、ty, George continues to dial and his unwanted companion withdraws. At last he hears the burr-burr of the ringing【 B12】_, immediately followed by rapid pips demanding his money, but he is now so upset that he knocks down the coins he has placed ready on the top of the box. Having at last located them
16、, he dials again the pips are repeated and he hastily inserts the coins. A cold voice【 B13】 _him, “Grand Hotel, Chalfont Well. “ “Ive an urgent message for a Mr. Smith who is a guest in your hotel. Could you put me through to him? I m afraid I don t know his room number. “ The response appears less
17、than enthusiastic and a long silence【 B14】 _. George inserts more coins. Then the voice informs him, “I ve been trying to locate Mr. Smith but the hall porter reports having seen him leave about a minute ago. “ Breathing heavily, George【 B15】 _the receiver, just as the knocking on the door starts ag
18、ain. 21 【 B1】 22 【 B2】 23 【 B3】 24 【 B4】 25 【 B5】 26 【 B6】 27 【 B7】 28 【 B8】 29 【 B9】 30 【 B10】 31 【 B11】 32 【 B12】 33 【 B13】 34 【 B14】 35 【 B15】 Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 35
19、The core of Greece s troubles is too much spending, too little tax-collecting and book-cooking. Spain and Ireland are in trouble even if the percentage of their public debt in gross domestic product is much smaller than that of Germany. Italy, also in the financial markets crosshairs, has high publi
20、c debt but a lower deficit than the eurozone s average. The root of these countries problems is that their prices and wages have risen much faster than those of other eurozone members. There are two ways to mitigate the pain. First, to adopt temporarily more expansionary fiscal policies for a while.
21、 Or, more powerfully, the wider euro area could adopt more expansionary monetary policies for several years. As to the second option, the “inflation fundamentalists“ will have none of it. This elite consisting of central bankers, top economic officials, politicians, academics and journalists insists
22、 that it is unacceptable to allow inflation to climb above two percent. Hyper-inflation in Germany in the 1930s and stagflation in industrial countries in the 1970s and 1980s support their view. It s true that moderate inflation can creep up to become high inflation. But inflation fundamentalism can
23、 also hurt. There is little if any empirical evidence that moderate inflation hurts growth. In most countries, cutting actual wages is politically difficult if not impossible. But, to regain competitiveness and balance the books, real wage adjustments are sometimes inevitable. A slightly higher leve
24、l of inflation allows for this painful adjustment with a lower level of political conflict. On the other hand, ultra-low inflation, in a recession, can easily become deflation. Falling prices encourage people to defer spending, which makes things worse and erodes tax payments, impairing a government
25、 s ability to pay debt. That in turn increases the debt s size and costs. In addition, a single-minded focus on inflation makes it easy for policymakers to lose sight of the broader picture-asset prices, growth and employment. Policy can become too tight or too looseas in the run-up to the crisis in
26、 the U. S. when low inflation was seen as a comforting sign that things were in order. In a recession, ultra-low inflation also reduces the effectiveness of monetary policy since interest rates cannot go below zero. The crisis in the euro area highlights the need for a more open-minded discussion of
27、 the merits and costs of ultra-low inflation. 36 In the author s opinion, the second way to mitigate the pain is_. （ A） cutting the spending （ B） controlling inflation within two percent （ C） ultra-low inflation （ D） moderate inflation 37 Which of the following inflation might be accepted by the aut
28、hor? （ A） 2%. （ B） 1%. （ C） 4%. （ D） 8%. 38 We can learn from the fourth paragraph that_. （ A） moderate inflation hurts growth （ B） it is unnecessary to cut actual wages （ C） the author opposes moderate inflation （ D） the author opposes inflation fundamentalism 39 The word “books“ (line 5, paragraph
29、 4) means_. （ A） tickets （ B） accounts （ C） works （ D） stamps 40 What is the text mainly about? （ A） The core of Greece s trouble. （ B） Two ways to solve the problems of Greece, Spain, Ireland and Italy. （ C） The merits of inflation fundamentalism. （ D） The shortcomings of inflation fundamentalism.
30、40 Slavery has played a significant role in the history of the U. S. It existed in all the English mainland colonies and most of the Founding Fathers also had slaves, as did eight of the first 12 presidents. Dutch traders brought 20 Africans to Jamestown, Virginia, as early as 1619, however, through
31、out the 17 th century the number of Africans in the English mainland colonies grew very slowly. At that time, colonists used two other sources of unfree labor: Native American slaves and European indentured servants. During those years, every colony had some Native American slaves, but their number
32、was limited. Indian men avoided performing agricultural labor, because they viewed it as women s work, and colonists complained that they were too “haughty“. The more important was that the settlers found it more convenient to sell Native Americans captured in war to planters in the Caribbean than t
33、o turn them into slaves, because they often resisted and it was not hard for the slaves to escape. Later, the policy of killing Indians or driving them away from white settlements was proposed and it contradicted with their widespread employment as slaves. The other form of labor was the white inden
34、tured servitude. Most indentured servants consisted of poor Europeans. Desiring to escape tough conditions in Europe and take advantage of fabled opportunities in America, they traded three to seven years of their labor in exchange for the transatlantic passage. At first, it was mainly English who w
35、ere the white indentured servitude but later increasingly Irish, Welsh, and German joined. They were essentially temporary slaves and most of them served as agricultural workers although some, especially in the North, were taught skilled trades. During the 17th century, they performed most of heavy
36、labor in the Southern colonies and also consisted of the bulk of immigrants to those colonies. At the end of the 17th century, in order to meet the labor need, landowners in America turned to African slaves. During the late 17th and 18th centuries, thanks to the dominant position of England in terms
37、 of naval superiority, English traders (some of whom lived in English America) transported millions of Africans across the Atlantic. And the transatlantic slave trade produced one of the largest forced migrations in history, blacks (the great majority of whom were slaves) increasing from about 7 per
38、cent of the American population in 1680 to more than 40 percent by the middle of the 18th century. 41 Which of the following was true of the slavery in America? （ A） The colonists sold African Americans to planters in the Caribbean. （ B） Native American slaves performed agricultural labor. （ C） Duri
39、ng the 17th century, the white indentured servitude was the main labor in the Southern colonies. （ D） It was at the end of the 17th century that African people began to be brought to America. 42 We can infer from the sentence “Later, the policy of killing Indians or.contradicted with their widesprea
40、d employment as slaves“ that_. （ A） many Indians were killed by White settlers （ B） many Indians were drove away from white settlements （ C） the Indians were slaves in a wide-spread way （ D） white settlers must have to find other source of labor 43 In the third paragraph, the author mainly argues th
41、at_ （ A） the number of Native American slaves was very small （ B） the colonists thought that the Native American slaves were very haughty （ C） the Native American slaves had been treated cruelly （ D） the Native American slaves always resisted 44 Which of the following wasn t the opinion of the colon
42、ists towards the Native American slaves? （ A） The Native American slaves were very haughty. （ B） The Native American slaves were very lazy. （ C） The Native American slaves were hard to control. （ D） The Native American slaves always found ways to escape. 45 The relation between the second paragraph
43、and the next following two paragraphs is that in the next following two paragraphs the author_. （ A） further elaborates the issue discussed in the second paragraph （ B） modifies the point of view in the second paragraph （ C） changes the view expressed in the second paragraph （ D） offers the reason t
44、o support die viewpoint in the second paragraph 45 U. S. health officials are increasing surveillance measures at doctors offices and international borders to guard against the spread of swine flu. Washington also has begun dispersing medicine from a federal stockpile. The Centers for Disease Contro
45、l and Prevention says there have been only mild cases of swine flu in the United States, but experts remain on guard. Acting agency director, Richard Besser, says the epidemic in Mexico prompted U. S. doctors to begin monitoring actively for possible infections. “ We are asking doctors when they see
46、 someone who has flu-like illness who has traveled to an affected region, to do a culture, take a swab in the nose and send it to the lab so we can see: is it influenza, is it this type?“ he said. Speaking Sunday at the White House, Besser said the extra detection efforts have enabled officials to f
47、ind more infections than under normal circumstances. He also says he expects the number of infections will rise and the illness will spread to other U. S. regions, as doctors continue to monitor the problem. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says it does not recommend people travel to M
48、exico, where the outbreak of swine flu is centered and more than 100 deaths have been reported. But officials have not ordered a travel ban to the country. Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano says, instead, airlines have the option of screening passengers on flights from Mexico. “We are let
49、ting air carriers and our employees at the gates on those flights make sure that they are asking people if they are sick; and if they are sick, that they should not board the plane, “ she said. Denise Korniewicz, an infectious disease expert at the University of Miami, says officials should take bolder steps to screen passengers at international borders, as Japan and other Asian nations are doing. “ We have a very transient population here. And Japan
