1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 319及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What is the mans chief responsibility in the Green Peace organization? （ A） Hes involved in anti-nuclear activity. （ B） Hes responsible for conservation and protection of animals. （ C） Hes the action organizer and arranges any protests. （ D） Hes involved in protection and suppo
5、rt of the eco-system. 12 How does Green Peace try to stop people from dumping nuclear waste? （ A） They harass the dumping ship with boats. （ B） They attack the dumping ships. （ C） They talk with them in a mild way. （ D） They stop them in a violent way. 13 What is the womans attitude towards the Gree
6、n Peace campaigns? （ A） Contempt. （ B） Appreciate. （ C） Disapprove. （ D） Suspicions. 14 What crops does the farmer grow? （ A） Cotton every year. （ B） Corn and wheat. （ C） Rice. （ D） Other things. 15 How does the farmer pay his employees? （ A） Hourly. （ B） Weekly. （ C） Monthly. （ D） Yearly. 16 What w
7、ork does the farmer need to do? （ A） Irrigate my fields. （ B） Apply pesticides. （ C） Fix machines. （ D） All the above. 17 Why are we far from satisfied with our basic needs? （ A） Because we should save extra money for future expenditure. （ B） Because we have other wants in addition to our basic need
8、s. （ C） Because we all enjoy reading books. （ D） Because man is never satisfied even if he has everything he wants. 18 What can be inferred from the passage? （ A） We should be satisfied with our life. （ B） We should develop good habits. （ C） A reliable income makes the satisfactory standard of livin
9、g possible. （ D） To provide for future expenditure is wise. 19 “Shelter“ refers to （ A） safe. （ B） shell. （ C） house. （ D） income. 20 “Expenditure“ means （ A） exercise. （ B） expense. （ C） style. （ D） cost. Part A 20 Pollution is a “dirty“ word. To pollute means to contaminatetopsoil of something by
10、introducing impurities which make【 B1】 _ unfit or unclean to use. Pollution comes in many forms. We see it, smell it,【 B2】 _it, drink it, and stumble through it. We literally lived in and breathe pollution, and not surprisingly, it is beginning to【 B3】 _our health, our happiness, and our civilizatio
11、n. Once we thought of pollution【 B4】 _meaning simply the smogthe choking, stinging, dirty air that hovers over cities. But air pollution, while it is【 B5】_ the most dangerous, is only one type of contamination among several【 B6】_attack the most basic life functions. Through the uncontrolled use of i
12、nsecticides, man has polluted the land, killing the wildlife. By【 B7】 _sewage and chemicals into rivers and lakes, we have contaminated our 【 B8】 _water. We are polluting the oceans, too, killing the fish and【 B9】 _depriving ourselves of an invaluable food supply. Part of the problem is our explodin
13、g【 B10】 _. More and more people are producing more wastes. But this problem is intensified by our “throw-away“ technology. Each year Americans【 B11】 _of 7 million autos, 20 million tons of waste paper, 25 million pounds of toothpaste tubes and 48 million cans. We throw away gum wrappers, newspapers,
14、 and paper plates. It is no longer wise to【 B12】 _anything. Today almost everything is disposable. Instead of repairing a toaster or a radio, it is easier and cheaper to buy another one and discard the old, even 【 B13】 _95 percent of its parts may still be functioning. Baby diapers, which used to be
15、 made of reusable cloth, are now paper throw-aways. Soon we will wear clothing made of【 B14】 _: “Wear it once and throw it away“ will be the slogan of the fashionable-consciousness. Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a gigantic dump, or is there hope that we can solve the pollut
16、ion problem?【 B15】 _, solutions are in sight. A few of them are positively ingenious. 21 【 B1】 22 【 B2】 23 【 B3】 24 【 B4】 25 【 B5】 26 【 B6】 27 【 B7】 28 【 B8】 29 【 B9】 30 【 B10】 31 【 B11】 32 【 B12】 33 【 B13】 34 【 B14】 35 【 B15】 Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions be
17、low each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 35 The core of Greeces troubles is too much spending, too little tax-collecting and book-cooking. Spain and Ireland are in trouble even if the percentage of their public debt in gross domestic product is much smaller than
18、that of Germany. Italy, also in the financial markets crosshairs, has high public debt but a lower deficit than the eurozones average. The root of these countries problems is that their prices and wages have risen much faster than those of other eurozone members. There are two ways to mitigate the p
19、ain. First, to adopt temporarily more expansionary fiscal policies for a while. Or, more powerfully, the wider euro area could adopt more expansionary monetary policies for several years. As to the second option, the “inflation fundamentalists“ will have none of it. This elite consisting of central
20、bankers, top economic officials, politicians, academics and journalists insists that it is unacceptable to allow inflation to climb above two percent. Hyper-inflation in Germany in the 1930s and stagflation in industrial countries in the 1970s and 1980s support their view. Its true that moderate inf
21、lation can creep up to become high inflation. But inflation fundamentalism can also hurt. There is little if any empirical evidence that moderate inflation hurts growth. In most countries, cutting actual wages is politically difficult if not impossible. But, to regain competitiveness and balance the
22、 books, real wage adjustments are sometimes inevitable. A slightly higher level of inflation allows for this painful adjustment with a lower level of political conflict. On the other hand, ultra-low inflation, in a recession, can easily become deflation. Falling prices encourage people to defer spen
23、ding, which makes things worse and erodes tax payments, impairing a governments ability to pay debt. That in turn increases the debts size and costs. In addition, a single-minded focus on inflation makes it easy for policymakers to lose sight of the broader picture-asset prices, growth and employmen
24、t. Policy can become too tight or too looseas in the run-up to the crisis in the U. S. when low inflation was seen as a comforting sign that things were in order. In a recession, ultra-low inflation also reduces the effectiveness of monetary policy since interest rates cannot go below zero. The cris
25、is in the euro area highlights the need for a more open-minded discussion of the merits and costs of ultra-low inflation. 36 In the authors opinion, the second way to mitigate the pain is_. （ A） cutting the spending （ B） controlling inflation within two percent （ C） ultra-low inflation （ D） moderate
26、 inflation 37 Which of the following inflation might be accepted by the author? （ A） 2%. （ B） 1%. （ C） 4%. （ D） 8%. 38 We can learn from the fourth paragraph that_. （ A） moderate inflation hurts growth （ B） it is unnecessary to cut actual wages （ C） the author opposes moderate inflation （ D） the aut
27、hor opposes inflation fundamentalism 39 The word “books“ (line 5, paragraph 4)means_. （ A） tickets （ B） accounts （ C） works （ D） stamps 40 What is the text mainly about? （ A） The core of Greeces trouble. （ B） Two ways to solve the problems of Greece, Spain, Ireland and Italy. （ C） The merits of infl
28、ation fundamentalism. （ D） The shortcomings of inflation fundamentalism. 40 Slavery has played a significant role in the history of the U. S. It existed in all the English mainland colonies and most of the Founding Fathers also had slaves, as did eight of the first 12 presidents. Dutch traders broug
29、ht 20 Africans to Jamestown, Virginia, as early as 1619, however, throughout the 17 th century the number of Africans in the English mainland colonies grew very slowly. At that time, colonists used two other sources of unfree labor: Native American slaves and European indentured servants. During tho
30、se years, every colony had some Native American slaves, but their number was limited. Indian men avoided performing agricultural labor, because they viewed it as womens work, and colonists complained that they were too “haughty“. The more important was mat the settlers found it more convenient to se
31、ll Native Americans captured in war to planters in the Caribbean than to turn them into slaves, because they often resisted and it was not hard for the slaves to escape. Later, the policy of killing Indians or driving them away from white settlements was proposed and it contradicted with their wides
32、pread employment as slaves. The other form of labor was the white indentured servitude. Most indentured servants consisted of poor Europeans. Desiring to escape tough conditions in Europe and take advantage of fabled opportunities in America, they traded three to seven years of their labor in exchan
33、ge for the transatlantic passage. At first, it was mainly English who were the white indentured servitude but later increasingly Irish, Welsh, and German joined. They were essentially temporary slaves and most of them served as agricultural workers although some, especially in the North, were, taugh
34、t skilled trades. During the 17th century, they performed most of heavy labor in the Southern colonies and also consisted of the bulk of immigrants to those colonies. At the end of the 17th century, in order to meet the labor need, landowners in America turned to African slaves. During the late 17th
35、 and 18th centuries, thanks to the dominant position of England in terms of naval superiority, English traders (some of whom lived in English America) transported millions of Africans across the Atlantic. And the transatlantic slave trades produced one of the largest forced migrations in history, bl
36、acks (the great majority, of whom were slaves) increasing from about 7 percent of the American population in 1680 to more than 40 percent by the middle of the 18th century. 41 Which of the following was true of the slavery in America? （ A） The colonists sold African Americans to planters in the Cari
37、bbean. （ B） Native American slaves performed agricultural labor. （ C） During the 17th century, the white indentured servitude was the main labor in the Southern colonies. （ D） It was at the end of the 17th century that African people began to be brought to America. 42 We can infer from the sentence
38、“Later, the policy of killing Indians or.contradicted with their widespread employment as slaves“ that_. （ A） many Indians were killed by White settlers （ B） many Indians were drove away from white settlements （ C） the Indians were slaves in a wide-spread way （ D） white settlers must have to find ot
39、her source of labor 43 In the third paragraph, the author mainly argues that_. （ A） the number of Native American slaves was very small （ B） the colonists thought that the Native American slaves were very haughty （ C） the Native American slaves had been treated cruelly （ D） the Native American slave
40、s always resisted 44 Which of the following wasnt the opinion of the colonists towards the Native American slaves? （ A） The Native American slaves were very haughty. （ B） The Native American slaves were very lazy. （ C） The Native American slaves were hard to control. （ D） The Native American slaves
41、always found ways to escape. 45 The relation between the second paragraph and the next following two paragraphs is that in the next following two paragraphs the author （ A） further elaborates the issue discussed in the second paragraph （ B） modifies the point of view in the second paragraph （ C） cha
42、nges the view expressed in the second paragraph （ D） offers the reason to support the viewpoint in the second paragraph 45 U. S. health officials are increasing surveillance measures at doctors offices and international borders to guard against the spread of swine flu. Washington also has begun disp
43、ersing medicine from a federal stockpile. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says there have been only mild cases of swine flu 4n the United States, but experts remain on guard. Acting agency director, Richard Besser, says the epidemic in Mexico prompted U. S. doctors to begin monitoring
44、 actively for possible infections. “We are asking doctors when they see someone who has flu-like illness who has traveled to an affected region, to do a culture, take a swab in the nose and send it to the lab so we Can see: is it influenza, is it this type?“ he said. Speaking Sunday at the White Hou
45、se, Besser said the extra detection efforts have enabled officials to find more infections man under normal circumstances. He also says he expects the number of infections will rise and the illness will spread to other U. S. regions, as doctors continue to monitor the problem. The Centers for Diseas
46、e Control and Prevention says it does not recommend people travel to Mexico, where the outbreak of swine flu is centered and more than 100 deaths have been reported. But officials have not ordered a travel ban to the country. Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano says, instead, airlines have
47、the option of screening passengers on flights from Mexico. “We are letting air carriers and our employees at the gates on those flights make sure that they are asking people if they are sick; and if they are sick, that they should not board the plane,“ she said. Denise Korniewicz, an infectious dise
48、ase expert at the University of Miami, says officials should take bolder steps to screen passengers at international borders, as Japan and other Asian nations are doing. “We have a very transient population here. And Japan has taken a lot of precautions. What Japan is doing is they are making everyo
49、ne take a temperature when they get off the airplane,“ she said. “As far as I am concerned, I think that is a good idea. U. S. officials say they are holding off on more aggressive actions because the outbreak has been limited in the United States and they do not want to cause a health scare. Korniewicz says around the country health centers are putting in place emergency response measures aimed at limiting disease outbreaks. 46 What promotes American doctors t
