1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 325及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What kind of proof did the man probably have when he bought the radio? （ A） A receipt and the cheque stub. （ B） The guarantee and the receipt. （ C） The radio and the box. （ D） The credit card and a receipt. 12 When did the man buy the radio? （ A） Last week. （ B） The day before
5、yesterday. （ C） Yesterday. （ D） This morning. 13 What is wrong with the radio? （ A） It has no instructions. （ B） It has run out of battery. （ C） The switch is in broken. （ D） The switch is the wrong position. 14 Why are “How To“ books in great demand in the United States? （ A） Because the rich do no
6、t always satisfy. （ B） Because many people read books only for pleasure. （ C） Because these books help Americans out of trouble. （ D） Because the books meet the needs of different readers. 15 What is one of the most popular types of books? （ A） The book that help people with their personal problems.
7、 （ B） The book that tell you how to earn more money. （ C） The book that tell you how to choose a job. （ D） The book that tell you how to make progress. 16 Which title best gives the ideas of the passage? （ A） Americans Like Reading. （ B） How To Book, a True Friend. （ C） How To Book Is Popular. （ D）
8、Americans Like Books. 17 Whats the main topic of the monologue? （ A） Different animals yawns. （ B） Humans yawn. （ C） Fishs yawn. （ D） Social animals yawns. 18 What is the speakers main point? （ A） Animals yawn for a number of reasons. （ B） Yawning results only from fatigue or boredom. （ C） Human yaw
9、ns are the same as those of other animals. （ D） Only social animals yawn. 19 According to the speaker, when are hippos likely to yawn? （ A） When they are swimming. （ B） When they are quarreling. （ C） When they are socializing. （ D） When they are eating. 20 What physiological reason for yawning is me
10、ntioned? （ A） To exercise the jaw muscles. （ B） To eliminate fatigue. （ C） To get greater strength for attacking. （ D） To gain more oxygen. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEE
11、T 1. 20 Walking like swimming, bicycling and running is an aerobic exercise,【 C1】_ builds the capacity for energy output and physical endurance by increasing the supply of oxygen to skin and muscles. Such exercises may be a primary factor in the【 C2】 _of heart and circulatory disease. As probably th
12、e least strenuous, safest aerobic activity, walking is the【 C3】_acceptable exercise for the largest number of people. Walking【 C4】_comfortable speed improves the efficiency of the cardiorespiratory system【 C5】_stimulating the lungs and heart, but at a more gradual rate than most other forms of exerc
13、ise. In one test, a group of men 40 to 57 years of age,【 C6】 _at a fast pace for 40 minutes four days a week, showed improvement【 C7】 _to men the same age on a 30 minute, three-day-a-week jogging program in the same period. Their resting heart rate and body fat decreased【 C8】 _. These changes sugges
14、t some of the importanteven vital benefits walking can bring about. Walking【 C9】 _burns calories. It takes 3,500 calories to gain or lose one pound. Since a one-hour walk at a moderate pace will【 C10】 _up 300 to 360 calories. By walking one hour every other day, you can burn up a pound and a half mo
15、nthly, or 18 pounds 【 C11】 _ providing there is no change in your intake of food. To【 C12】 _weight faster, walk an hour every day and burn up 3 pounds a month, or 36 pounds a year. Whatever your age, right now is the time to give your physical well-being as much thought as you【 C13】 _to pensions or
16、insurance. Walking is a vital defense【 C14】 _the ravages of degenerative diseases and aging. It is nature s【 C15】_of giving you a tuneup. 21 【 C1】 22 【 C2】 23 【 C3】 24 【 C4】 25 【 C5】 26 【 C6】 27 【 C7】 28 【 C8】 29 【 C9】 30 【 C10】 31 【 C11】 32 【 C12】 33 【 C13】 34 【 C14】 35 【 C15】 Part A 35 A No discip
17、lines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doct
18、oral students in English drop out before getting their degrees. B His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4%
19、 in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education“ should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great boo
20、ks are read because they have been read“ they form a sort of social glue. C Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer stu
21、dents want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor s degrees in 1970 1971 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing., many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they
22、have not been trained. D One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both vari
23、eties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification. E Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American univ
24、ersities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doct
25、oral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career; as late as 1969 a third of A-merican professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “ the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not tr
26、ansferable. “ So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge. F The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced. “ Otherwise, aca
27、demics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize. “Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic. “Yet quite how that happens, Mr. Menand does not say. G The subtl
28、e and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas-. Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis
29、 Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully. Order: Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 The demoralizing environment, decrepit(老朽的 )building and min
30、imal materials make the high school experience for these children an uphill battle. Merely graduating from such a high school is difficult, much less becoming a high-caliber science or engineering student. Schools with students from a higher socioeconomic level would not tolerate the obstacles I enc
31、ountered daily. Improvements need to be made efficiently and made soon, or the divisions among people in this country will only become more extreme. Of course, there are things that concerned citizens can do to help. Get involved with a school, especially one in a poor area. Volunteer to give a pres
32、entation or just to spend time with the children. My students were excited to talk to an insurance salesperson who came to give a career exploration lecture. They not only were genuinely interested in the opportunities he described but also were amazed that such a man would donate an afternoon to th
33、em. Although those measures can help, they are not enough. For teaching to be effective, the entire environment of the inner city needs to be changed. Teaching someone the difference between velocity and acceleration is irrelevant if the person is hungry and scared. Programs that educate parents in
34、child-rearing, organize low-income groups into cooperative units, fight drug trafficking and help to clean up the ghettos physically will improve the life in the community. The small alterations and “ new“ proposals currently filling the newspapers are certainly not strong enough to transform a deca
35、ying and demoralized school structure that has been disintegrating for decades. Inner-city schools need so much more, and the children deserve so much more than our society is willing to give. Like many other people, I entered the teaching profession eager to investigate change and found many instit
36、utionalized obstacles in my way. It should not be so difficult to make a difference. 41 By saying “an uphill battle“ , the author means_. （ A） a tough task （ B） a easy job （ C） an upgrade class （ D） climbing a hill 42 We can learn from the text that_. （ A） the political circle will offer the help to
37、 the high schools （ B） giving a presentation is beneficial to students （ C） teaching methods have to be changed （ D） students are afraid to talk to strangers 43 The author believes that_. （ A） the divisions among people result from their property （ B） a high-caliber science student graduates from a
38、ordinary high school （ C） the small alterations should be done immediately （ D） the societys help to inner-city schools is inadequate 44 It is the authors opinion that_will improve the life of inner city people. （ A） offering more education programs to students （ B） helping to clean up the ghettos p
39、hysically （ C） taking measures to help extreme poor students （ D） bringing up more engineering students 45 It can be concluded from the authors remarks that_. （ A） we should educate more high schools students （ B） the obstacles in teachers way should be moved away （ C） the decaying school buildings
40、should be reconstructed （ D） we should build up more high schools in our city 45 Many phrases used to describe monetary policy, such as “ steering the economy to a soft landing“ or “a touch on the brakes“, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The relation b
41、etween interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.
42、Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% one year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2. 5% the next July. This is a long way below the double-digit r
43、ates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s. It is also less than most forecasters has predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is
44、expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past few years, inflation has been continually lower than expected in Britain and Ameri
45、ca. Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially that of America, have little productive slack. Americas capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high l
46、evels earlier this year, and its jobless rate(5. 6% in August)has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past. Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some eco
47、nomists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models which were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation. 46 According to the text, making monetary policy changes_. （ A） is comparable to driving a car （ B） is similar to carrying out sci
48、entific work （ C） will not influence the economy immediately （ D） will have an immediate impact on the inflation rate 47 From the text we learn that_. （ A） there is a clear relationship between inflation and interest rates （ B） the economy always follows particular trends （ C） the current economic p
49、roblems are entirely predictable （ D） the present economic situation is better than expected 48 The text suggests that_. （ A） the previous economic models are still applicable （ B） an extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation （ C） a high unemployment rate will result from inflation （ D） interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy 49 By saying “This is no flash in the pan“(Para. 3), the author means that “_“. （ A）
