1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 75及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twic
2、e. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 How much does Harvard Universit
3、y plan to give in “presidential scholarships,“ which is a new program to encourage graduate students to enter public service? 7 Before becoming Harvards president, Mr. Summers was an 8 Harvards new loan program will begin next month and the scholarships in 9 The fellowships will extend to most of Ha
4、rvards graduate programs, excluding 10 How many fellowships does Harvard expect to give in the arts and sciences in the next three years? PART C Directions: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompan
5、y it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE. 11 At least, how many years will People who are overweight at 40 lose? （ A） One year （ B） Two years （ C） Three ye
6、ars （ D） Four years 12 According to Dr. Serge Jabbour, what message does the study carry? （ A） People have to work early on their weight （ B） Overweight people have shorter life expectancies （ C） Smoking is damaging to life expectancy （ D） If people are Overweight by their mid-30s to mid-40s, if the
7、y lose some weight later on, they will carry a lower risk of dying 13 The researchers said “. which shows another potentially preventable public health disaster.“ What does “another potentially preventable public health disaster“ here refer to? （ A） Smoking （ B） Obesity in young adults （ C） Drinking
8、 （ D） Obesity in elderly adults 14 How many flu deaths a year in the 1990s? （ A） 20,000 （ B） 26,000 （ C） 30,000 （ D） 36,000 15 Dr. Fukuda and his colleagues reported that the virus was especially deadly in people over （ A） 55 （ B） 65 （ C） 75 （ D） 85 16 According to the report, which of the following
9、 sentences is true? （ A） The only method of preventing the disease is to get flu vaccines. （ B） Dr. Morens was optimistic about the immediate future. （ C） As many as 87 percent of the 11,000 people who died from R. S. V. each year were 65 and older. （ D） The vaccine, which is made from a killed viru
10、s, can give people the flu. 17 What is Canon Digital PowerShot s230 cameras size? （ A） Similar to a credit card （ B） Similar to a necklace （ C） Similar to a cigarette box （ D） Similar to a dressing case 18 What are the target consumers of Digital PowerShot s230 camera? （ A） Young white-collar men （
11、B） Middle-aged white-collar men （ C） Young white collar women （ D） Middle-aged white-collar women 19 There is an ad that shows a photo of a fashionable blonde sheathed in a clingy black dress, an ATM-card-size camera suspended like a necklace. Which Company takes this ad? （ A） Canon （ B） Sony （ C） N
12、okia （ D） Casio 20 According to the report, which of the following sentences is NOT true? （ A） Now manufacturers are seeking a combination of high-tech features and “cool“ design （ B） Those young white-collar women have not been the primary buyers of digital cameras （ C） Digital technology is still
13、a novelty nowadays. （ D） The Canon Digital PowerShot s230 camera is introduced in September, 2002. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Standard English is the variety o
14、f English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language. It is also the variety which is normally 【 21】 _ by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other 【 22】 _ situations. The difference between standard and nonstan
15、dard, it should be noted, has 【 23】 _ in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial 【 24】 _ ; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants. 【 25】 _ , the standard variety of English is based on the London 【 26】 _ of English that developed after the Norman Conquest r
16、esulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one 【 27】 _ by the educated, and it was developed and promoted 【 28】 _ a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the 【 29】 _ that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such e
17、xport. Today, 【 30】 _ English is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are 【 31】 _ the same everywhere in the world where English is used; 【 32】 _ among local standards is really quite minor, 【 33】 _ the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very 【 34】 _
18、 different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are 【 35】 _ . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous 【 36】 _ on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have 【 37】 _ much of their vigor and there is considerable pr
19、essure on them to be 【 38】 _ . This latter situation ig not unique 【 39】 _ English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are 【 40】 _ . But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supr
20、anational (跨国的 ) ones. 21 【 21】 （ A） said （ B） told （ C） talked （ D） spoken 22 【 22】 （ A） same （ B） similar （ C） equal （ D） identical 23 【 23】 （ A） anything （ B） something （ C） nothing （ D） everything 24 【 24】 （ A） language （ B） vocabulary （ C） idioms （ D） words 25 【 25】 （ A） Surprisingly （ B） Histo
21、rically （ C） Interestingly （ D） Generally 26 【 26】 （ A） accent （ B） pronunciation （ C） spelling （ D） dialect 27 【 27】 （ A） preferred （ B） learned （ C） praised （ D） created 28 【 28】 （ A） to （ B） in （ C） as （ D） for 29 【 29】 （ A） basis （ B） norm （ C） rule （ D） variety 30 【 30】 （ A） formal （ B） colloqu
22、ial （ C） non-standard （ D） standard 31 【 31】 （ A） not （ B） very （ C） much （ D） hardly 32 【 32】 （ A） variation （ B） standardization （ C） unification, （ D） transformation 33 【 33】 （ A） therefore （ B） but （ C） so that （ D） nevertheless 34 【 34】 （ A） great （ B） much （ C） no （ D） little 35 【 35】 （ A） tal
23、ked （ B） concerned （ C） mentioned （ D） involved 36 【 36】 （ A） press （ B） pressure （ C） power （ D） force 37 【 37】 （ A） lost （ B） gained （ C） missed （ D） got 38 【 38】 （ A） abandoned （ B） changed （ C） standardized （ D） reformed 39 【 39】 （ A） in （ B） of （ C） for （ D） to 40 【 40】 （ A） in the way （ B） und
24、er way （ C） out of the way （ D） all the way Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared expe
25、riences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a g
26、roup of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shar
27、ed the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a
28、 man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table himself. “Who is that?“ the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, thats God, “came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor.“ If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in
29、a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an ou
30、tsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen of their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off
31、-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often its the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often com
32、es from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you dont succeed, give up“ or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. 41 To make your humor
33、 work, you should _. （ A） take advantage of different kinds of audience （ B） make fun of the disorganized people （ C） address different problems to different people （ D） show sympathy for your listeners 42 The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are _. （ A） impolite to new a
34、rrivals （ B） very conscious of their godlike role （ C） entitled to some privileges （ D） very busy even during lunch hours 43 It can be inferred from the text that public service _. （ A） have benefited many people （ B） are the focus of public attention （ C） are an inappropriate subject for humor （ D）
35、 have often been the laughing stock 44 To achieve the desired result, humorous stones should be delivered _. （ A） in well-worded language （ B） as awkwardly as possible （ C） in exaggerated statements （ D） as casually as possible 45 The best title for the text may be _. （ A） Use Humor Effectively （ B）
36、 Various Kinds of Humor （ C） Add Humor to Speech （ D） Different Humor Strategies 45 Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in roboticsthe science of conf
37、erring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence ha
38、s removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization o
39、f electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracyfar greater precision that highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utilit
40、y, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,“ says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we cant yet give a robot en
41、ough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.“ Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action o
42、f the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brains roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talentedand human perception far more complicatedthan
43、 previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusin
44、g on the monkey at the side of winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth cant approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still dont know quite how we do it. 46 Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in _. （ A） the use of
45、 machines to produce science fiction （ B） the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry （ C） the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work （ D） the elites cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work 47 The word “gizmos“ (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means _. （ A） programs （ B）
46、 experts （ C） devices （ D） creatures 48 According to the text, what is beyond mans ability now is to design a robot that can _. （ A） fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery （ B） interact with human beings verbally （ C） have a little common sense （ D） respond independently to a changing
47、world 49 Besides reducing human labor, robots can also _. （ A） make a few decisions for themselves （ B） deal with some errors with human intervention （ C） improve factory environments （ D） cultivate human creativity 50 The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are _. （ A） expected
48、 to copy human brain in internal structure （ B） able to perceive abnormalities immediately （ C） far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information （ D） best used in a controlled environment 50 Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-
49、cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost 26 a barrel, up from less than 10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Streng
