1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 86及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twic
2、e. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation between an interviewer and John about Johns experience of living in Japan. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in
3、the table. Write not more than 3 words in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.Difference Between Japan and EnglandPART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear
4、 the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 The two poems were written between_. 7 Traditionally, its believed that the author is_. 8 The Analysts argued that the poems were written by_. 9 According to the Unitarian, the _ of the character in the po
5、ems proved that the Iliad and 10 the Odyssey could have been the work of a single poetic genius. PART C Directions: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each questi
6、on by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What is the topic of this passage? （ A） The largest library in the United States. （ B） A special system for numbering books. （ C） Finding books in a li
7、brary. （ D） Finding a needle in a haystack. 12 Which is the largest public library in the United States? （ A） The Library of Congress. （ B） The Harvard University Library. （ C） The Chicago Public Library. （ D） The New York Public Library. 13 How do librarians keep b6oks in order? （ A） They arrange t
8、he books in alphabetical order. （ B） They put the books into a card catalogue. （ C） They give a number to each book. （ D） They put the books on the shelves. 14 What are the students going to do during this class period? （ A） Watch a slide show about trees. （ B） Learn how to prevent Dutch elm disease
9、. （ C） Study the history of the campus buildings and grounds. （ D） Look at examples of trees on campus. 15 In what class is this lecture probably being given? （ A） History. （ B） Physical education. （ C） Botany. （ D） Architecture. 16 What is remarkable about the black walnut tree outside Brett Hall?
10、（ A） Its leaves are yellow. （ B） Its leaves are lopsided. （ C） It is very tall. （ D） It is not an angiosperm. 17 What does the speaker say about the road between Maine and Quebec? （ A） It was built by the Canadians. （ B） It was built to facilitate trade. （ C） The path for the road was extremely diff
11、icult to clear. （ D） Hostilities between Canada and the United States caused construction delays. 18 What is one reason Canadians began to immigrate to Maine during the 1800s? （ A） Maine was less influenced by the French government. （ B） Maine had better employment opportunities. （ C） Maine was poli
12、tically stable. （ D） Marine had a better climate. 19 What can be inferred about the region including Maine and Quebec during the early 1800s? （ A） The area was economically unified. （ B） The authorities were unable to enforce law and order. （ C） The two governments fought for control of the area. （
13、D） Most of the people living there spoke only French. 20 What subject is the speaker most likely to discuss next? （ A） The latest practices of accurate mapmaking. （ B） The impact of epidemics on mass migration. （ C） The advantages of establishing international trade agreements. （ D） The technology u
14、sed to locate the Old Canada Road. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 A new computer system has been designed to stop ships sinking. The greatest danger 【 21】 _ a hole
15、d vessel is that flooding of its compartments will make the ship unstable enough to capsize. It is estimated that nearly half the ships 【 22】 _ during the second world war capsized because of the loss of 【 23】 _ . Pacer systems of Burlington, Massachusetts, has now 【 24】 _ a system devised by a 【 25
16、】 _ US Navy officer, Stephen Drabouski, which effectively thought out alternative strategies for the ship. The 【 26】 _ is programmed with every possible eventuality of flood damage. 【 27】 _ the actual damage is keyed into the computer the operator is told by the computer 【 28】 _ the implications are
17、 and what can be done to destabilize the vessel. Trials on the “American aircraft carrier USS Midway“ have 【 29】 _ that the reaction time to damage can be cut to a fiftieth. An incident was simulated in which the ship was 【 30】 _ by two missiles causing flooding to 30 compartments. It took 10 minute
18、s 【 31】 _ receipt of the flood damage information in the damage control center to a full printout of damage effects, 【 32】 _ countermeasures and an assessment of the result of the countermeasures; In a re-run of the incident 【 33】 _ the computer program the damage control officer took four and a qua
19、rter hours to establish the 【 34】 _ of the damage and another four hours 【 35】 _ a decision could be taken on counter measures. 【 36】 _ the system can be used to provide damage control officers with advice, they do not, of course, have to 【 37】 _ the information. Quite often the“ 【 38】 _ solution“ w
20、ill be unacceptable for operational reasons. When that happens the system can be asked for 【 39】 _ or the operator can interrogate the computer to find out what would happen 【 40】 _ the officers own solution was put into action. 21 【 21】 （ A） to （ B） on （ C） in （ D） for 22 【 22】 （ A） survived （ B） s
21、unk （ C） damaged （ D） built 23 【 23】 （ A） weight （ B） protection （ C） stability （ D） power 24 【 24】 （ A） rebuilt （ B） invented （ C） refined （ D） designed 25 【 25】 （ A） preserve （ B） reserve （ C） observe （ D） conserve 26 【 26】 （ A） project （ B） computer （ C） system （ D） network 27 【 27】 （ A） For （ B）
22、 As （ C） Since （ D） Once 28 【 28】 （ A） what （ B） how （ C） if （ D） that 29 【 29】 （ A） failed （ B） exposed （ C） shown （ D） succeeded 30 【 30】 （ A） sunk （ B） hit （ C） exploded （ D） bombed 31 【 31】 （ A） at （ B） over （ C） from （ D） for 32 【 32】 （ A） preservative （ B） preventive （ C） implied （ D） suggeste
23、d 33 【 33】 （ A） without （ B） for （ C） by （ D） with 34 【 34】 （ A） proofs （ B） effects （ C） solutions （ D） uncertainty 35 【 35】 （ A） after （ B） before （ C） provided （ D） now that 36 【 36】 （ A） If （ B） When （ C） Although （ D） Unless 37 【 37】 （ A） accept （ B） process （ C） modify （ D） analyze 38 【 38】 （
24、A） final （ B） possible （ C） optimum （ D） suggested 39 【 39】 （ A） alternatives （ B） decisions （ C） solution （ D） suggestions 40 【 40】 （ A） after （ B） when （ C） before （ D） if Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your an
25、swers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 The war was the most peaceful period of my life. The window of my bedroom faced southeast. My mother had curtained it, but that had small effect. I always woke up with the first light and, with all the responsibilities of the previous day melted, felt myself rather like t
26、he sun, ready to shine and feel joy. Life never seemed so Simple and clear and full of possibilities as then. I stuck my feet out under the sheets-I called them Mrs. Left and Mrs. Right-and invented dramatic situations for them in which they discussed the problems of the day. At least Mrs. Right did
27、; she easily showed her feelings, but I didnt have the same control of Mrs. Left, so she mostly contented herself with nodding agreement. They discussed what mother and I should do during the day, what Santa Claus should give a fellow for Christmas, and what steps should be taken to brighten the hom
28、e. There was that little matter of the baby, for instance. Mother and I could never agree about that. Ours was the only house in the neighborhood without a new baby, and mother said we couldnt afford one till father came back from the war because if cost seventeen and six. That showed how foolish sh
29、e was. The Geneys up the road had a baby, and everyone knew they couldnt afford seventeen. and six. It was probably a cheap baby, and mother wanted something really good, but I felt she was too hard to please. The Geneys baby would have done us fine. Having settled my plans for the day, I got up, pu
30、t a chair under my window, and lifted the frame high enough to stick out my head. The window overlooked the front gardens of the homes behind ours, and beyond these it looked over a deep valley to the tall, red-brick house up the opposite hillside, which were all still shadow, while those on our sid
31、e of the valley were all lit up, though with long storage shadows that made them seem unfamiliar, stiff and painted. After that I went into mothers room and climbed into the big bed. She woke and I began to tell her of my schemes. By this time, though I never seem to have noticed it, I was freezing
32、in my nightshirt, but I warmed up as I talked until the last frost melted. I fell asleep beside her and woke again only when I heard her below in the kitchen, making breakfast. 41 How did the author feel early in the morning? （ A） He felt frightened by the war. （ B） He felt cheerful. （ C） He felt pu
33、zzled by the dramatic situations around him. （ D） He felt burdened with responsibilities. 42 When he woke up in the morning, he would _. （ A） Visit Mrs. Left and Mrs. Right （ B） Roll up the curtains （ C） Try to work out his plans for the day （ D） Make Mrs. Left argue with Mrs. Right 43 What did the
34、author think of his mother? （ A） She was stubborn. （ B） She was poor. （ C） She was not very intelligent. （ D） She did not love him very much. 44 Where was the authors father during the war? （ A） He was out on business. （ B） He was working in another town. （ C） He went traveling. （ D） He was fighting
35、 in the front. 45 In which month did the story probably take place? （ A） In January. （ B） In September. （ C） In December. （ D） In November. 45 If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as cent
36、ral to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered as an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hiredrented at the lowest possible cost much as one buys raw materials or equipment. The lack of importance attached t
37、o human resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human resource managements is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds i
38、t is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human resource management is central usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firms hierarchy. While American firms ofte
39、n talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skill of their employees than the Japanese or German firms do. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are m
40、ade in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, fo
41、r example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United Stated. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need f
42、or extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half cant
43、 effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear. 46 Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies? （ A） They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skil
44、ls. （ B） They see the gaining of skills as their employees own business. （ C） They attach more importance to workers than to equipment. （ D） They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition. 47 What is the position of the head of human resource management in an American firm? （ A） He is on
45、e of the most important executives in the firm. （ B） His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced. （ C） He is directly under the chief financial executive. （ D） He has no authority in making important decisions in the firm. 48 The money most American firms spend in training m
46、ainly goes to _. （ A） workers who can operate new equipment （ B） technological and managerial staff （ C） workers who lack basic background skills （ D） top executives 49 According to the article, which of the following statement is true? （ A） The author believes that a company should focus on trainin
47、g workers in the filed of the specific skills necessary to do the next job. （ B） It will not cost as much to retrain workers as the expenditure saved during the years when no training has ever been conducted. （ C） In the field of traditional industry where few technical breakthroughs arrive, America
48、n firms may stay competitive. （ D） American corporation hierarchy prevents the workers from being trained basically. 50 What is the main idea of the passage? （ A） American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human resource management. （ B） Extensive retraining is indispensable to e
49、ffective human resource management. （ C） The head of human resource management must be in the central position in a firms hierarchy. （ D） The human resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity. 50 Publicity offers several benefits. There are no costs for message time or space. An ad in prime time television may cost $250,000 to $500,000 or more per minute, whereas a five-minute report
