1、在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷 29及答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your an
2、swer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 0 Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behaviour. Viewed biologically, the modern footballer is in reality a member of a hunting group. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a
3、goal-mouth. If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunters triumph of killing his prey. To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look back at our forefathers. They spent over a million years evolving as cooperative hunters. Their very survival depende
4、d on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies became greatly changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They cooperated as skillful male-group attackers. Then about ten thousand years ago, after this immensel
5、y long period of hunting their food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, was put to a new use that of controlling and domesticating (驯养 ,驯化 ) their prey. The hunt became suddenly out of date. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The
6、 risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer essential for survival. The skills and thirst for hunting remained, however, and demanded new outlets. Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity. This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences, but the aim of the operation was
7、 no longer to avoid starvatioa Instead the sportsmen set off to test their skills against prey that were no longer essential to their survival. To be sure, the kill may have been eaten, but there were other, much simpler ways of obtaining a meaty meal. 1 The author believes that sporting activities_
8、. （ A） are forms of biological development （ B） are essentially forms of taming the prey （ C） have actually developed from hunting （ D） have changed the ways of hunting 2 In a football game, what is equal to the prey in hunting is_. （ A） the football （ B） the goalkeeper （ C） the goal-mouth （ D） any
9、member of the opposing team 3 For over a million years, our forefathers were basically_. （ A） successful farmers （ B） co-operating hunters （ C） runners and jumpers （ D） skillful sportsmen 4 The word “operation“ ( Line 3, Para. 4) refers to_. （ A） hunting （ B） prey killing （ C） domesticating animals
10、（ D） sports activities 5 Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage? （ A） Sporting activities satisfy the desire of modern man to exercise hunting skills which his forefathers developed for survival. （ B） It is hunting that provides human beings with simpler ways of obtai
11、ning meaty meals. （ C） Farming is very important in human civilization because it saves human beings from risks and uncertainties of hunting for survival. （ D） It is farming that gives human beings enough leisure time for sporting activities. 5 Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two
12、phases clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be revived. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the disin
13、tegration of vital cells and tissues. Death is then irreversible and final. Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can be reanimated before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined wi
14、th narcotic (麻醉的 ,催眠的 ) sleep. By slowing down the bodys metabolism, cooling delays the processes leading to biological death. To illustrate how this works, scientists performed and experimented on a six-year-old female baboon (狒狒 ) called Keta. The scientists put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then
15、 they surrounded her body with ice bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery. The monkeys blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and respiration stopped; clinical death set in. For twenty minu
16、tes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial respiration. After two minutes the baboons heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous respirati
17、on began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head.After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe (注射器 ) and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal. 6 Whats the best title of
18、 this passage? （ A） The Difference between Biological and Clinical Death. （ B） The Process of Dying. （ C） Prolonging the Period of Clinical Death. （ D） The Nature of Clinical Death. 7 The main idea of this passage is that_. （ A） modern scientists divide the process of dying into clinical and biologi
19、cal death （ B） biological death occurs when vital organs have suffered permanent damage （ C） scientists have found a way to prolong the period of clinical death （ D） cooling delays the processes leading to biological death 8 One characteristic of clinical death is_. （ A） lasting damage to the lungs
20、（ B） destruction of the tissues （ C） temporary non-functioning of the heart （ D） that the organism cannot be reanimated 9 According to the passage, the function of cooling an organism is to_. （ A） speed up the bodys metabolism （ B） slow down disintegration of body tissues （ C） prevent damage to orga
21、ns （ D） revive damaged organs 10 One possible benefit of the experiment discussed in the passage is_. （ A） less crowded cities （ B） victory over death （ C） protection against fatal injury （ D） fewer deaths from heart attacks 10 Some people argue that the pressures on international sportsmen and spor
22、tswomen kill the essence of sport the pursuit of personal excellence. Children kick a football around for fun. When they get older and play for local school teams, they become competitive but they still enjoy playing. The individual representing his country cannot afford to think about enjoying hims
23、elf; he has to think only about winning. He is responsible for an entire nations hope, dreams and reputation. A good example is the football World Cup. Football is the worlds most important sport. It is even more important now that the United States is seriously taking it up. Winning the World Cup i
24、s perhaps the summit of international sporting success. Mention “Argentina“ to someone and the chances are that hell think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup “put Argentina on the map“. Sports fans and supporters get quite irrational about the World Cup. People in England felt that their
25、 country was somehow important after they won in 1966. Last year thousands of Scots sold their cars, and even their houses, and spent all their money travelling to Argentina, where the finals were played. So, am I arguing that international competition kills the idea of sport? Certainly not! Do the
26、Argentineans really believe that because eleven of their men proved the most skillful at football, their nation is in every way better than all others? Not really. But its nice to know that you won, and that in one way at least your country is best. 11 According to the passage, the United States_. （
27、 A） has begun to give much attention to football （ B） is fond of playing football （ C） has won the football World Cup （ D） is getting sick of football 12 In the second paragraph, the word “summit“ means_. （ A） highest point （ B） mountain top （ C） award （ D） summary 13 According to the passage, Argen
28、tina is world-famous because of its_. （ A） large number of sports fans and supporters （ B） successes in the football World Cup （ C） obvious position on the map （ D） excellence at all important sports 14 According to the passage, if a sportsman only thinks about winning, he will_. （ A） fail to succee
29、d （ B） be successful （ C） lose enjoyment （ D） be irrational 15 What is the authors attitude towards international games? （ A） Nations that meet on a football field are unlikely to meet on a battlefield. （ B） Nations that win the football World Cup are regarded as best in all aspects. （ C） Nations th
30、at win in international games prove best on the sports field at least. （ D） Nations that give much attention to international competitions are world-famous in many ways. 15 At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997, it became abundantly clear how complex it has become to work out in
31、ternational agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenges of the interlink between the environment and development increasingly
32、 bring us to the core of the economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able, through international agreements, to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer. These reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and, more
33、important, because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and the economies of states. Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem, we also know that t
34、he effects of measures, especially harsh measures taken in some countries, would be nullified if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60 % to stabilize the content of CO2
35、in the atmosphere, this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous lower medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses. In addition, the state of world technology w
36、ould not yet permit us to make such a big leap. We must, however, find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century. Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and common responsibilities new to humanity. Success lies in the force of imaginations, in imagining
37、what would happen if we fail to act. Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer, few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent tropical diseases, especially where there had been none. 16 The main purpose of this passage is to_. （ A） convince peopl
38、e that global warming is a real threat （ B） criticize some countries for refusing to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layer （ C） analyze the problem of global warming （ D） argue against making deep cuts in emissions 17 The reason why it is difficult to get rid of the threat of global warming
39、is that_. （ A） the leaders of many countries are not fully aware of the gravity of the problem （ B） world technology is not able to solve the problem （ C） not all the countries are willing to make deep cuts in emissions （ D） many people welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer 18 In the
40、passage the author implies that_. （ A） it is always difficult to work out international agreements to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layer （ B） it is no longer easy to reach international agreements relating to the environment （ C） the world has recently become aware of the threat of global
41、 warming （ D） the problem of global warming has largely been solved 19 According to the author, it is impossible at present to cut 60% of carbon dioxide emissions globally because_. （ A） it is only a goal to be reached in the future （ B） some people are lacking in imagination （ C） some people are ir
42、responsible （ D） it would cause a collapse of the world economy 20 What should all countries do to help solve the problem of global warming? （ A） They should replace all the harmful substances. （ B） They should willingly undertake legal commitments about their energy uses. （ C） They should hold anot
43、her world conference on climate change. （ D） They should provide advanced technology. 20 In 1798 the political economist Malthus predicted that in time mankind would face starvation, having outgrown the available food supplies. Today, a century and a half later, there are still experts who forecast
44、the same global disaster unless urgent measures are taken to prevent it. By the end of the present century there may well be over five thousand million people living on this globe, an increase of over fifty percent on todays figure. In order to keep pace with this increase in mankind the farmers of
45、the world will have to step up their production of food by at least two percent every year. Such a rate of increase has never been maintained in any country by conventional methods of agriculture, despite modern mechanization and the widespread use of fertilizers. There are no large worthwhile reser
46、ves of potential farmland remaining, and good fertile land is continually being changed into industrial use. Moreover, erosion of the soil takes a constant toll (损失 ). Intensive research, carried out over many years in all manners of climate conditions, has produced a revolutionary method of growing
47、 crops without using any soil at all. Hydroponics (水栽 法 ), as this technique is called, may well be the answer to all our food worries; already it has accomplished wonders in producing huge crops. Hydroponics was once a complicated and expensive business, now it is well out of the experimental stage
48、. Labor costs are far lower than when normal methods of agriculture are employed. In fact, it is a completely automatic system. There is no hard manual work, no digging or ploughing, and no weeding to speak of. Yields can be far higher than they are in soil. 21 Which of the following best sums up th
49、e whole passage? （ A） Malthus prediction has been proved to be correct by modern experts. （ B） Hydroponics is a new development in agriculture. （ C） Hydroponics may be the answer to the world food shortage in the future. （ D） Conventional methods of agriculture should be improved so as to step up food production by two percent every year. 22 The phrase “having outgrown the available food supplies“ in the first paragraph implies that （ A） the available food supplies will be enough to feed
