1、在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 13及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acr
2、oss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill. This development and its strong implications for U. S.
3、politics and economy in years ahead has enthroned the South as Americas most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nations head counting. Altogether, the U. S. population rose in the 1970s by 23. 2 million peoplenumerically the third largest growth ever recorded in a sing
4、le decade. Even so, that gain adds up to only 11. 4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years. Americans have been migrating south and west in larger number since World War II, and the pattern still prevails. Three sun belt states Florida, Texas and California togeth
5、er had nearly 10 million more people in 1980 than a decade earlier. Among large cities, San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San Antonio from 15th to 10th with Cleveland and Washington D. C. , dropping out of the top 10. Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt, cens
6、us officials say, nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterdays “baby boom“ generation reached its child bearing years. Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon: more and more Americans
7、 apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too. Some instances: Regionally, the Rocky mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate 37. 1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the U.S. population. Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew f
8、astest of all: 63. 5 and 53. 1 percent respectively. Except from Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth are composed of Western states with 7. 5 million people about 9 per square mile. The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bear-able climates. Nowhere d
9、o 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. There, California added 3. 7 million to its population in the 1970s, more than any other state. In that decade, however, large numbers also migrated from California, mostly to other parts of the Wes
10、t. Often they chose and still are choosing somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State. As a result, Californias growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18. 5 percent little more than two thirds the 1
11、960s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states. 1 Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided, America in 1970s_. （ A） enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in history （ B） witnessed a southwestern shift of population （ C） underwe
12、nt an unparalleled period of population growth （ D） brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since World War H 2 The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population movement in that_. （ A） it stresses the climatic influence on population distribution （ B） it highlights the co
13、ntribution of continuous waves of immigrants （ C） it reveals the Americans new pursuit of spacious living （ D） it elaborates the delayed effects of yesterdays “baby boom“ 3 We can see from the available statistics that_. （ A） California was once the most thinly populated area in the whole U. S. （ B）
14、 the top 10 states in growth rate of population were all located in the West （ C） cities with better climates benefited unanimously from migration （ D） Arizona ranked second of all states in its growth rate of population 4 The word “demographers“(Line 1, Paragraph 7)most probably means_. （ A） people
15、 in favor of the trend of democracy （ B） advocates of migration between states （ C） scientists engaged in the study of population （ D） conservatives clinging to old patterns of life 5 The best title for this article is_. （ A） Population Growth in America （ B） Regional Competition in America （ C） Reg
16、ional Population Imbalance in America （ D） Change of Population Growth Rate in America 6 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） at present, most Americans migrate south and west （ B） few people left the Golden state California in 1970s （ C） the population in America increased 10 million mor
17、e in 1980 than a decade earlier （ D） American people dont like living in a city with cold climate 6 To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing. “ One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research becaus
18、e of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical
19、 research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal right
20、s booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she
21、replied, “Then I would have to say yes. “ Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers. “ Such well-meaning people just dont understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable
22、 way in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation, a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce
23、 these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt“ middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinfor
24、mation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not onl
25、y well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress
26、. 7 The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to_. （ A） call on scientists to take some actions （ B） criticize the misguided cause of animal rights （ C） warn of the doom of biomedical research （ D） show the triumph of the animal rights movement 8 Misled people tend to think that using a
27、n animal in research is_. （ A） cruel but natural （ B） inhuman and unacceptable （ C） inevitable but vicious （ D） pointless and wasteful 9 The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics_. （ A） discontent with animal research （ B） ignorance about medical science （ C） indifference to
28、 epidemics （ D） anxiety about animal rights 10 The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should_. （ A） communicate more with the public （ B） employ hi-tech means in research （ C） feel no shame for their cause （ D） strive to develop new cures 11 From
29、the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is_. （ A） a well-known humanist （ B） a medical practitioner （ C） an enthusiast in animal rights （ D） a supporter of animal research 12 According to this article, the author want to imply_ with the words “good people“ in the first sentence. （ A） the medical scien
30、tists （ B） the grandmotherly women （ C） the audience （ D） leaders of animal rights movements 12 Of all the components of a good nights sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formul
31、ated this revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears. By the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise“ the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that
32、dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line“. And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but to help us sleep and feel better. “Its your dream,“ says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psycholog
33、y at Chicagos Medical Center. “If you dont like it, change it. “ Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM(rapid eye movement)sleep when most vivid dreams occur as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all par
34、ts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system(the “emotional brain“)is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex(the center of intellect and reasoning)is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day. “ says Stanford sleep re
35、searcher Dr. William Dement. The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwrights clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated dur
36、ing the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we dont always think about the emotional significance of the days events until, it appears, we begin to dream. And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurri
37、ng bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep. At the end of the day,
38、 theres probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in panic“, Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased peoples anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should see
39、k help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep or rather dreamon it and youll feel better in the morning. 13 Researchers have come to believe that dreams_. （ A） can be modified in their courses （ B） are susceptible to emotional changes （ C）
40、 reflect our innermost desires and fears （ D） are a random outcome of neural repairs 14 By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show_. （ A） its function in our dreams （ B） the mechanism of REM sleep （ C） the relation of dreams to emotions （ D） its difference from the prefrontal cort
41、ex 15 The negative feelings generated during the day tend to_. （ A） aggravate in our unconscious mind （ B） develop into happy dreams （ C） persist till the time we fall asleep （ D） show up in dreams early at night 16 Cartwright seems to suggest that_. （ A） waking up in time is essential to the riddin
42、g of bad dreams （ B） visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control （ C） dreams should be left to their natural progress （ D） dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious 17 What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams? （ A） Lead your life as usual. （ B） See
43、k professional help. （ C） Exercise conscious control. （ D） Avoid anxiety in the daytime. 18 What does the word “literally“ mean in the last sentence of the fourth paragraph? （ A） Generally. （ B） Nearly. （ C） Actually. （ D） Particularly. 18 A report consistently brought back by visitors to the U. S.
44、is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are h
45、ardly unknown in the U. S. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived
46、 distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nea
47、rest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would, and someday, remember, you might be
48、in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the U. S. , especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just travel
49、ing through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner amazing. “ Such observations reported by visitors to the U.S. are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signa
