1、在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 16及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acr
2、oss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 Motorola Inc. , the worlds second-largest mobile phone maker, will begin selling all of the technology needed to build a basic mobile phone to outside manufacturers, in a key change of strategy. The inventor of the cell phone, which has
3、 been troubled by missteps compounded by a recent industry slump in sales, is trying to become a neutral provider of mobile technology to rivals, with an eye toward fostering a much larger market than it could create itself. The Chicago area-based company, considered to have the widest range of tech
4、nologies needed to build a phone, said it planned to make available chips, a design layout for the computer board, software, development tools and testing tools. Motorola has previously supplied mobile phone manufacturers with a couple of its chips, but this is the first time the company will offer
5、its entire line of chips as well as a detailed blueprint. Mobile phones contain a variety of chips and components to control power, sound and amplification. Analysts said they liked the new strategy but were cautious about whether Motorolas mobile phone competitors would want to buy the technology f
6、rom a rival. The company, long known for its top-notch(等级 )engineering culture, is hoping to profit from its mobile phone technology now that the basic technology to build a mobile phone has largely become a commodity. Motorola said it will begin offering the technology based on the next-generation
7、GPRS(Global Packet Radio Service)standard because most mobile phone makers already have technology in place for current digital phones. GPRS offers faster access to data through “always on“ network connections, and customers are charged only for the information they retrieve, rather than the length
8、of download. Burgess said the new business will not conflict with Motorolas own mobile phone business because the latter will remain competitive by offering advanced features and designs. Motorolas phones have been criticized as being too complicated and expensive to manufacture, but Burgess said Mo
9、torola will simplify the technology in the phones by a third. In addition to basic technology, Burgess said, Motorola would also offer additional features such as Blueteeth, a technology that allows wireless communications at a short distance, and Global Positioning System, which tracks the users wh
10、ereabouts, and MP3 audio capability. 1 The word “slump“ in the first paragraph may be replaced by_. （ A） slouch （ B） decline （ C） increase （ D） stamp 2 According to this passage, Motorola Inc. _. （ A） is the worlds largest mobile phone maker （ B） is trying to become a mobile technology provider besi
11、des being a mobile phone maker （ C） will only sell chips of the mobile phones （ D） is going to sell all its manufacturing plants 3 Analysts dont think that_. （ A） Motorola will be successful （ B） the technology offered by Motorola will be selected by its competitors （ C） its competitors will want to
12、 buy the technology from it （ D） its mobile phones contain a variety of chips 4 The technology supplied by Motorola is based on_. （ A） Blueteeth features （ B） MP3 audio capability （ C） Global Positioning System （ D） GPRS standard 5 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） GPRS offers fast
13、er access to data through network connections, so customers should pay more. （ B） Motorola Inc. is the inventor of the cell phone. （ C） Previously, Motorola only supplied mobile phone manufacturers with some of its chips. （ D） Motorola Inc. is known for its high-class engineering culture. 6 Which of
14、 the following statements is true? （ A） The new business will interfere with Motorolas current mobile phone business. （ B） Motorolas mobile phones have been praised for easy application and low cost for production. （ C） Motorola will simplify the technology in the phones by a third. （ D） The Bluetee
15、th technology means to facilitate wireless communications at a remote distance. 6 German Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy includes many of todays social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along wit
16、h other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian compassion for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancel
17、lor Bismarck created the worlds first workers compensation law in 1884. By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers compensation insurance. Americas injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal ba
18、rriers. For example, employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state workers compensation law in this country was passed in 1911, and the program soon spread through
19、out the nation. After World War II， benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, Presid
20、ent Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers compensation. Two years later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states average weekly wages. In fact, the average co
21、mpensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more
22、 money floating in the workers compensation system, its not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie. 7 The worlds first workers compensation law was introduced by Bismarck_. （ A） for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement （ B
23、） out of religious and political considerations （ C） to speed up the pace of industrialization （ D） to make industrial production safer 8 We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe_. （ A） met growing resistance from laborers working at machines （ B） resulted in the dev
24、elopment of popular social insurance programs （ C） was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidents （ D） required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplace 9 One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting compensation in the early 19th century was t
25、hat_. （ A） they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the accident （ B） Americas average compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of living （ C） different states in the U. S. had totally different compensation programs （ D） they had to have the courage to sue for
26、 damages in a court of law 10 After 1972, workers compensation insurance in the U. S. became more favorable to workers so that_. （ A） the poverty level for a family of four went up drastically （ B） more money was allocated to their compensation system （ C） there were fewer legal barriers when they f
27、iled for claims （ D） the number of workers suing for damages increased 11 The author ends the passage with the implication that_. （ A） compensation benefits in America are soaring to new heights （ B） people from all walks of life can benefit from the compensations system （ C） the workers are not the
28、 only ones to benefit from the compensation system （ D） money floating in the compensation system is a huge drain on the U. S. economy 12 According to the passage, we could learn that_. （ A） as figures show, every one tenth increase in compensation benefits brings on a one twentieth increase in the
29、number of workers who file for claims （ B） as figures illustrate, every one twentieth increase in compensation benefits leads a one tenth increase in the number of workers who file for claims （ C） as figures show, every one tenth increase in compensation benefits makes for one fifth increase in the
30、number of workers who file for claims （ D） as figures illustrate, every one fifth increase in compensation benefits makes for one tenth in the number of workers who file for claims 12 In our society the razor of necessity cuts close. You must make a buck to survive the day. You must work to make a b
31、uck. The job is often a chore, rarely a delight. No matter how demeaning the task is, no matter how it dulls the senses or breaks the spirit, one must work. Lately there has been a questioning of this “work ethic“, especially by the young. Strangely enough, it has touched off profound grievances in
32、others hitherto silent and anonymous. Unexpected precincts are being heard from in a show of discontent by blue collar and white. On the evening bus the tense, pinched faces of young file clerks and elderly secretaries tell us more than we care to know. On the expressways middle-management men pose
33、without grace behind their wheels, as they flee city and job. In all, there is more than a slight ache. And there dangles the impertinent question: Should there not be another increment, earned though not yet received, to ones daily work an acknowledgment of a mans being? In fact, what all of us are
34、 looking for is a calling, not just a job. Jobs alone are not being enough for people. 13 “In our society the razor of necessity cuts close“ in the first line means_. （ A） there is a shortage of daily necessities （ B） people fight each other for necessities （ C） most people feel the financial pressu
35、re （ D） everyone lives a hard life 14 The “work ethic“ in the first paragraph can be interpreted as_. （ A） one works mainly to keep body and soul together （ B） one must work not only for money, but also for delight （ C） one must understand that jobs as chores （ D） one should earn as much money a day
36、 as possible 15 Middle-management men flee city and job because_. （ A） they have lost their grace （ B） they are tired by the long days work （ C） they dont want to see the tense and pinched faces of their clerks and secretaries （ D） they are frightened by the profound grievances shown by the young pe
37、ople 16 The phrase “increment, earned though not received“ in the third paragraph means_. （ A） money one has earned and will be paid later （ B） money one has earned, but will not be paid to him/her （ C） something that one earns through a job, but is not counted in terms of pay （ D） something that on
38、e earns that has nothing to do with his or her job 17 The main idea of this passage is_. （ A） in modern society people are under great work pressure （ B） nowadays people want to enjoy life more than do hard work （ C） work should be to people more than just a means to survive （ D） more jobs of deligh
39、t should be created for people 18 In the third paragraph, the word “impertinent“ means_. （ A） impatient （ B） impassioned （ C） impolite （ D） influential 18 Early in the age of affluence(富裕 )that followed World War II， an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, “Our enormously produc
40、tive economy.demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate. “ A
41、mericans have responded to Lebows call, and much of the world has followed. Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the worlds two largest economies Japan and the United States show consumerists definitions of succ
42、ess becoming ever more prevalent. Overconsumption by the worlds fortune is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate. Ironically, h
43、igh consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches. Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow th
44、at, misled by a consumerism culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things. Of course, the opposite of overconsumption poverty is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely wor
45、se for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed(被剥夺得一无所有的 )peasants stride into the rainforests of Latin America by the slash-and-burn method, and hungry nomads(游牧民族 )turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert. If environmental destruction results when p
46、eople have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does humans growing desire come to an end? 19 The emergence of the affluent society after World War II_. （ A） led to the reform of the retailing system （ B） resul
47、ted in the worship of consumerism （ C） gave rise to the dominance of the new egoism （ D） gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers 20 Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption is_. （ A） the peoples desire for a rise in their living standards （ B） t
48、he concept that ones success is measured by how much they consume （ C） the imbalance that has existed between production and consumption （ D） the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals 21 Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing? （ A） Because poverty still exists in an affl
49、uent society. （ B） Because overconsumption wont last long due to unrestricted population growth. （ C） Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization. （ D） Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction. 22 According to the passage, consumerists culture_. （ A） will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countries （ B） will not aggravate environmental problems （ C） cannot thrive on a fragile economy
