1、在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 18及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acr
2、oss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 A few common misconceptions: Beauty is only skin-deep. Ones physical assets and liabilities dont count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best. Over the last 30 years, social scientists have cond
3、ucted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought
4、 out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties(虔诚 )while actin
5、g just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers a piece of paper relating an individuals accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say e
6、xactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he
7、 or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Salppho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good. In business, however, good looks cut both ways f
8、or women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the
9、more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive. 1 According to the passage, people often wrongl
10、y believe that in pursuing a career as manager_. （ A） a persons property or debts do not matter much （ B） a persons outward appearance is not a critical qualification （ C） women should always dress fashionably （ D） women should not only be attractive but also high-minded 2 The result of research car
11、ried out by social scientists show that_. （ A） people do not realize the importance of looking ones best （ B） women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well （ C） good-looking women aspire to managerial positions （ D） attractive people generally have an advantage over those who ar
12、e not 3 Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes_. （ A） they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deep （ B） they do not usually act according to the views they support （ C） they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratings （ D） th
13、ey tend to base their judgment on the individuals accomplishments 4 “Good looks cut both ways for women“(Line 1, Para. 5)means that_. （ A） attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobs （ B） good-looking women always get the best of everything （ C） being attractive is not always an
14、 advantage for women （ D） attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions 5 It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world_. （ A） handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women are （ B） physically attractive women who are in
15、the public eye usually do quite well （ C） physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite well （ D） good looks are important for women as they are for men 6 In the first paragraph, the sentence “Ones physical assets and liabilities dont count all that much in a
16、managerial career“ implies that_. （ A） peoples physical appearance is not that crucial in a managerial career （ B） ones external responsibilities are not that important in a managerial career （ C） it is hard to figure out the true value of ones physical assets and liabilities in a managerial career
17、（ D） you cant rely on your physical advantages in a managerial career 6 Excerpt 1 Sales of e-readers surged during the Christmas holiday season, according to a Pew Research Center report, which showed that the number of adults in the United States who owned tablets nearly doubled from mid-December t
18、o early January. Excerpt 2 Apple, based in Cupertino, California, controls 73 percent of the market, while Samsung Electronics Co. , Sony Corp. and Toshiba Corp. are among companies making constant improvements on tablets without bringing services that cut into the market share, Sarah Rotman Epps, a
19、n analyst at Forrester, said in the report. Excerpt 3 Under Squares year-long pilot program, an iPad would be installed in the space where Taxi TVs currently sit, and the driver would have an iPhone to process credit-card payments. The technology would allow drivers to accept a passengers card at an
20、y point during the ride, then enter the amount later. The system charges drivers less in credit card transaction fees than the current rates. Excerpt 4 When Apple introduced the iPad tablet computer in 2010, it was doing what it likes to do best: creating a new category to dominate, as it had done w
21、ith the iPod and iPhone. By the end of the year, the company had sold nearly 15 million iPads, generating about $ 9. 5 billion in revenue. Just two years later, the chief executive of Apple, Timothy D. Cook, has a prediction: the day will come when tablet devices like the Apple iPad outsell traditio
22、nal personal computers. Excerpt 5 Apple has made its first attempt to quantify how many American jobs can be credited to the sale of its iPads and other products, a group that includes the Apple engineers who design the devices and the drivers who deliver them even the people who build the trucks th
23、at get them there. On Friday, the company published the results of a study it commissioned saying that it had “created or supported“ 514,000 American jobs. The study is an effort to show that Apples benefit to the American job market goes far beyond the 47,000 people it directly employs here. Excerp
24、t 6 People who read e-books on tablets like the iPad are realizing that while a book on a black-and-white Kindle is straightforward and immersive, a tablet offers a menu of distractions that can fragment the reading experience, or stop it in its tracks. E-mail lurks tantalizingly within reach. Looki
25、ng up a tricky word or unknown fact in the book is easily accomplished through a quick Google search. And if a book starts to drag, giving up on it to stream a movie over Netflix or scroll through your Twitter feed is only a few taps away. 7 Which of the following choices is true? （ A） In America, s
26、ales of e-readers surged from mid-December to early January. （ B） Toshiba Corp. has made its first attempt to quantify how many jobs can be credited to the sale of its iPads. （ C） Square Corp. has planed to install an iPad on every bus in America. （ D） Sales of e-readers have been surging in all ove
27、r the world since it was invented. 8 What is said about Apple Inc. with its tablet devices like iPads? （ A） It doubled its sale of e-readers during the Christmas season. （ B） It controls 73 percent of the tablet device market. （ C） It charges customers less in credit card transaction fees. （ D） It h
28、as long been selling its traditional personal computers. 9 Which of the following choices involves the creation of tablet devices and its possible replacement of Taxi TVs? （ A） Excerpt 1 and Excerpt 5 （ B） Excerpt 3 and Excerpt 4 （ C） Excerpt 2 and Excerpt 6 （ D） Excerpt 3 and Excerpt 5 10 Tablet de
29、vices can miraculously perform many functions but they also cause the problem of_. （ A） its rivals succeeding in cutting into the market share （ B） failing to process credit-card payments with an iPhone （ C） e-book readers being distracted from their normal reading （ D） misleading the trucks that ge
30、t them to the tablet market 11 It can be inferred from one of the excerpts that a successful company should take the social responsibility of_. （ A） filing reports to the agencies like Pew Research Center （ B） installing its products in the space where Taxi TVs sit （ C） predicting the trends in prod
31、uct design and manufacturing （ D） creating more jobs for people to be involved in its business operation 11 The estimates of the numbers of home-schooled children vary widely. The U. S. Department of Education estimates there are 250,000 to 350,000 home-schooled children in the country. Home-school
32、advocates put the number much higher at about a million. Many public school advocates take a harsh attitude toward home-schoolers, perceiving their actions as the ultimate slap in the face for public education and a damaging move for the children. Home-schoolers harbor few kind words for public scho
33、ols, charging shortcomings that range from lack of religious perspective in the curriculum to a herdlike approach to teaching children. Yet, as public school officials realize they stand little to gain by remaining hostile to the home-school population and as home-schoolers realize they can reap ben
34、efits from public schools, these hard lines seem to be softening a bit. Public schools and home-schoolers have moved closer to tolerance and, in some cases, even cooperation. Says John Marshall, an education official, “We are becoming relatively tolerant of home-schoolers. “ The idea is, “Lets give
35、the kids access to public school, so theyll see its not as terrible as theyve been told, and theyll want to come back. “ Perhaps, but dont count on it, say home-school advocates. Home-schoolers oppose the system because they have strong convictions that their approach to education whether fueled by
36、religious enthusiasm or the individual childs interests and natural pace is best. “The bulk of home-schoolers just want to be left alone,“ says Enge Cannon, associate director of the National Center For Home Education. She says home-schoolers choose that path for a variety of reasons, but religion p
37、lays a role 85 percent of the time. Professor Van Galen breaks home-schoolers into two groups. Some home-schoolers want their children to learn not only traditional subject matter but also “strict religious doctrine and a conservative political and social perspective. Not incidentally, they also wan
38、t their children to learn both intellectually and emotionally that the family is the most important institution in society. “ Other home-schoolers contend “not so much that the schools teach heresy(异端邪说 ), but that schools teach whatever they teach inappropriately,“ Van Galen writes, “These parents
39、are highly independent and strive to “take responsibility“ for their own lives within a society that they define as bureaucratic and inefficient. “ 12 According to the passage, home-schoolers are_. （ A） those who engage private teachers to provide additional education for their children （ B） those w
40、ho educate their children at home instead of sending them to school （ C） those who advocate combining public education with home schooling （ D） those who dont go to school but are educated at home by their parents 13 Public schools are softening their position on home schooling because_. （ A） there
41、isnt much they can go to change the present situation （ B） they want to show their tolerance for different teaching systems （ C） home schooling provides a new variety of education for children （ D） public schools have so many problems that they cannot offer proper education for all children 14 Home-
42、school advocates are of the opinion that_. （ A） things in public schools are not so bad as has often been said （ B） their tolerance of public education will attract more kids to public schools （ C） home schooling is superior and, therefore, they will not easily give in （ D） their increased cooperati
43、on with public school will bring about the improvement of public education 15 Most home-schoolers opposition to public education stems from their_. （ A） respect for the interests of individuals （ B） worry about the inefficiency of public schools （ C） concern with the cost involved （ D） devotion to r
44、eligion 16 According to Van Galen some home-schoolers believe that_. （ A） public schools take up a herdlike approach to teaching children （ B） teachers in public school are not as responsible as they should be （ C） public schools cannot provide an education that is good enough for their children （ D
45、） public schools are the source of bureaucracy and inefficiency in modern society 17 In the 2nd paragraph, the word “harbor“ means_. （ A） propose （ B） comment （ C） keep in their minds （ D） argue 17 Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. Ho
46、wever, federal rules forbid the practice of making ads louder than the programming. In addition, television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowed for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive, no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads programming. Given thi
47、s information, why do commercials sound so loud? The sensation of sound involves a variety of factors in addition to its speak level. Advertisers are skillful at creating the impression of loudness through their expert use of such factors. One major contributor to the perceived loudness of commercia
48、ls is that much less variation in sound level occurs during a commercial. In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels. Other “tricks of the trade“ are also used. Because low-frequency sounds can mas
49、k higher frequency sounds, advertisers filter out any noises that may drown out the primary message. In addition, the human voice has more auditory(听觉的 )impact in the middle frequency ranges. Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band. Another approach is to write the script so that lots of consonants(辅音 )are used, because people are more aware of consonants than vowel(元音 )sounds. Finally, advertisers try to begin commercials with soun
