1、在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 20及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acr
2、oss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing(把 固定 )legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckle
3、ss abandon(放任 ). Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delaysnot only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it. It seems that only when governm
4、ent decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come
5、to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now. We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the envir
6、onmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge. We must recognize that enviro
7、nmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distort
8、ion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able t
9、o communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on band
10、ages. 1 We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because_. （ A） they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doing （ B） they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interests （ C） time has not yet come for them to pu
11、t due emphasis on it （ D） it is difficult for them to take effective measures 2 The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is_. （ A） to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasion （ B） to arouse public awareness of the importance of env
12、ironmental protection （ C） to take radical measures to control environmental pollution （ D） to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards 3 The word “tunnel-visioned“(Line 2, Para. 4)most probably means “_“. （ A） narrow-minded （ B） blind to the facts （ C） short-sighted （ D） abl
13、e to see only one aspect 4 Which of the following statements, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems? （ A） Legislation and government intervention. （ B） The industrys understanding and support. （ C） The efforts of environmental health professi
14、onals. （ D） The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists. 5 Which of the following statements is true according to the last paragraph? （ A） Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures. （ B） More money should be spent in order to st
15、op pollution. （ C） Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution. （ D） Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade. 6 We could make a judgment that the style of this article is_. （ A） an analytical thesis （ B） a literature description （ C） a presentat
16、ion script （ D） a motivation article probably on a professional journal 6 Theres a simple premise behind what Larry Myers does for a living: If you can smell it, you can find it. Myers is the founder of Auburn Universitys Institute for Biological Detection Systems, the main task of which is to chase
17、 the ultimate in detection devices an artificial nose. For now, the subject of their research is little more than a stack of gleaming chips tucked away in a laboratory drawer. But soon, such a tool could be hanging from the belts of police, arson(纵火 )investigators and food-safety inspectors. The tec
18、hnology that they are working on would suggest quite reasonable that, within three to five years, well have some workable sensors ready to use. Such devices might find wide use in places that attract terrorists. Police could detect drugs, bodies and bombs hidden in cars, while food inspectors could
19、easily test food and water for contamination. The implications for revolutionary advances in public safety and the food industry are astonishing. But so, too, are the possibilities for abuse: Such machines could determine whether a woman is ovulating(排卵 ), without a physical exam or even her knowled
20、ge. One of the traditional protectors of American liberty is that it has been impossible to search everyone. Thats getting not to be the case. Artificial biosensors created at Auburn work totally different from anything ever seen before. AromaScan, for example, is a desktop machine based on a bank o
21、f chips sensitive to specific chemicals that evaporate into the air. As air is sucked into the machine, chemicals pass over the sensor surfaces and produce changes in the electrical current flowing through them. Those current changes are logged into a computer that sorts out odors based on their ele
22、ctrical signatures. Myers says they expect to load a single fingernail-size chip with thousands of odor receptors(感受器 ), enough to create a sensor thats nearly as sensitive as a dogs nose. 7 Which of the following is within the capacity of the artificial nose being developed? （ A） Performing physica
23、l examinations. （ B） Locating places which attract terrorists. （ C） Detecting drugs and water contamination. （ D） Monitoring food processing. 8 A potential problem which might be caused by the use of an artificial nose is_. （ A） negligence of public safety （ B） an abuse of personal freedom （ C） a ha
24、zard to physical health （ D） a threat to individual privacy 9 The word “logged“(Line 5, Para. 7)most probably means “_“. （ A） preset （ B） entered （ C） processed （ D） simulated 10 To produce artificial noses for practical use, it is essential_. （ A） to develop microchips with thousands of odor recept
25、ors （ B） to invent chips sensitive to various chemicals （ C） to design a computer program to sort out smells （ D） to find chemicals that can alter the electrical current passing through 11 The authors attitude towards Larry Myers work is _ （ A） cautious （ B） approving （ C） suspicious （ D） overenthus
26、iastic 12 Which of the following statements is FALSE based on the given article? （ A） The artificial nose does have a big prospect in the fields of police, state security and food-safety assurance. （ B） There will be a threat of lowering down peoples privacy if some day sensors are abused. （ C） Thin
27、gs remain even when one of the traditional protectors of American liberty is that it has been impossible to search everyone. （ D） It is expected to load a single fingernail-size chip with thousands of odor receptors, enough to create a sensor thats nearly as sensitive as a dogs nose. 12 In the world
28、 of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, tha
29、n the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows. Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of “trash talk(废话 )“. The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and moralit
30、y to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of societys moral catastrophes(灾难 ), yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments(困境 )of other peoples lives. Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in
31、 the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individuals quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors. Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being
32、 dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a “final word“. He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable. Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The shows main target audience are m
33、iddle-class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and stability to deal with lifes tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18-to-21-year-olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, se
34、x, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the shows exploitation. While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong foll
35、owing from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world. 13 Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are_. （ A） more family-oriented （ B） more profound （ C） relatively formal （ D） unusually popular 14 Though t
36、he social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear distasteful, the audience_. （ A） remain indifferent to them （ B） are willing to get involved in them （ C） remain fascinated by them （ D） are ready to face up to them 15 Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show? （ A）
37、 Street violence. （ B） Racist hatred. （ C） A new type of robot. （ D） Family budget planning. 16 Despite their different approaches, the two talk shows are both_. （ A） cynical （ B） instructive （ C） sensitive （ D） ironical 17 We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows_. （ A） are targeted at
38、 different audiences （ B） appear at different times of the day （ C） have monopolized the talk show circuit （ D） exploit the weaknesses in human nature 18 In spite of different styles and formats, in which of the following points do the two talk shows have something in common? （ A） Jerry Springer has
39、 more of an association with the young adults of society while Oprah Winfreys show focuses on the improvement of society and an individuals quality of life. （ B） Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of societys moral catastrophes whereas Oprah Winfreys topics range from teaching your ch
40、ildren responsibility, managing your work week to getting to know your neighbors. （ C） Each one is targeted at a group of different audiences. （ D） Both could be regarded as forerunners in the talk show field. 18 A. It looks like this downturn is in for the long haul. B. Skilled workers might not be
41、 spared. C. It has already hurt job growth. D. If you were going to retire soon, it will be a lot harder to. E. The damage is likely to spread to other sectors. By now, youre probably up to your eyeballs in unsettling economic crisis news. The stock markets, tanked. Real estate value, sunk. But much
42、 less has been said about probably a more pressing concern to most workers your job. Is it safe? How long will it be before you can expect to see a raise or bonus again? 【 R1】 _ Unfortunately, the credit crisis has already begun affecting job growth. The unemployment rate has grown an entire percent
43、age point from 5. lto 6. 1 between March and August. Furthermore, it is likely to get worse before it gets better. Goldman Sachs Group economists wrote in a report to clients yesterday that they expected unemployment to rise to seven percent in late 2009. 【 R2】 _ At the outset of housing markets tur
44、moil, most expected jobs in the banking, finance, construction and real estate sectors to take a direct hit, as the problems started in those areas. However, now it is clear that the damage is likely to spread to other industries, including ones that who use credit to buy their goods or rely on new
45、investments to move forward. In short, most of them. As for the IT department, David Foote, CEO at the IT workforce research consultancy, told Computerworld this week that he thinks more companies will be looking more closely at that parts of IT spending are critical, and some IT workers may be safe
46、r than others. But, overall, he finds little reason for techies to worry. 【 R3】 _ Historically, most downturns have spared white collar and highly-skilled workers while hitting the least skilled the hardest. Yet observers believe that this downturn is likely to be more democratic than ones previousl
47、y, because of the severity of the credit crunch. “Research indicates that employers hire relatively more skilled workers when they invest in new plant and equipment,“ Alan B. Krueger, an economist at Princeton, told the New York Times this week. “If funds for investment are not available because of
48、the financial crisis, however, companies will hire fewer skilled workers. “ 【 R4】 _ If youve just retired or were about to, sadly, your timing could not be worse as by beginning to withdraw from you nest egg just as the markets tumble, you are essentially locking in your losses. But what if the whee
49、ls of your retirement were already in motion? Experts say, as depressing as it sounds, working just a few years longer can make a big difference. “It does not have to be entirely unpleasant,“ writes New York Times columnist Tara Siegel Benard, “Maybe you could work part time and earn enough to cover the amount you would have drawn from your retirement portfolio. At least you are not dipping into your savings while they are down. “ 【 R5】 _ The next logical question is,
