1、在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 32及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acr
2、oss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services
3、 with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product theyre looking for. Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. “Businesses need to feel they can trust the passway between them an
4、d the supplier,“ says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the companys private intranet. Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concern
5、s the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to “pull“ customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push“ information directly out to consumers, transmitting mar
6、keting messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the PointCast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a compan
7、ys website. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the i
8、nformation flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. Thats a prospect that horrifies Net purists. But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to res
9、ort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon. com, and other pioneers show that a website selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to f
10、ree fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge. 1 We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business_. （ A） has been striving to expand its market （ B） inte
11、nded to follow a fanciful fashion （ C） tried but in vain to control the market （ D） has been booming for one year or so 2 Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author implies that_. （ A） the technology is popular with many Web users （ B） businesses have faith in the reliabil
12、ity of online transactions （ C） there is a radical change in strategy （ D） it is accessible limitedly to established partners 3 In the view of Net purists,_. （ A） there should be no marketing messages in online culture （ B） money making should be given priority to on the Web （ C） the Web should be a
13、ble to function as the television set （ D） there should be no online commercial information without requests 4 We learn from the last paragraph that_. （ A） pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerce （ B） interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online customers
14、（ C） leading companies began to take the online plunge decades ago （ D） setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power 5 The best title for this article is_. （ A） Development of Web Business （ B） About Internet Commerce （ C） About Push Strategy （ D） About Online Transactio
15、n 6 The reason why Web-business can make sense is that_. （ A） the great development of Web makes it a fashion （ B） business people finally trust informaton on the Web （ C） theres nearly no distinction between Web and television in recent years （ D） business people know clearly what product they want
16、 6 Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing“ or “a touch on the brakes“, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, varia
17、ble lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear view mirror and a faulty steering wheel. Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to bo
18、ast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2. 3 % last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2. 5% this July. This is a long way below the double digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.
19、 It is also less than most forecasters had predicated. In late 1994, the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3. 5% in 1995. In 1995, in fact, it fell to 2. 6% in August, and expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole
20、. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America. Economists have been particularly surprised by
21、 favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially Americas, have little productive slack. Americas capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate(5. 6% in Aug
22、ust)has fallen bellow most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past. Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the wor
23、ld have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation. 7 From the passage we learn that_. （ A） there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates （ B） economy will always follow certain models （ C） the economic situation is
24、better than expected （ D） economists had foreseen the present economic situation 8 According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? （ A） Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car. （ B） An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation. （ C） A high unemployment rate will res
25、ult from inflation. （ D） Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy. 9 The sentence “This is no flash in the pan“(Line 5, Paragraph 3)means that_. （ A） the low inflation rate will last for some time （ B） the inflation rate will soon rise （ C） the inflation will disappear quickly （ D） the
26、re is no inflation at present 10 The passage shows that the author is_the present situation. （ A） critical of （ B） puzzled by （ C） disappointed at （ D） amazed at 11 Which country suffered less from inflation? （ A） America. （ B） Britain. （ C） Japan. （ D） Britain and Japan. 12 What has the inflation b
27、rought about to the US and Britain according to the passage? （ A） High jobless rate. （ B） Economic depression. （ C） A hard conduct of monetary policy. （ D） The increase of capacity utilization. 12 The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented econom
28、y in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, ope
29、rating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that t
30、ogether determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a proc
31、ess in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of
32、a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system. The important factor in a private-ent
33、erprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources(private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only th
34、e ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. 13 In Line 8, Paragraph 1, “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes“ means_. （ A） Americans are never satisfied
35、 with their incomes （ B） Americans tend to overstate their incomes （ C） Americans want to have their incomes increased （ D） Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes 14 The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that_. （ A） producers can satisfy the consumers by m
36、echanized production （ B） consumers can express their demands through producers （ C） producers decide the prices of products （ D） supply and demand regulate prices 15 According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by_. （ A） private property and rights concerned （ B） manpower
37、 and natural resources control （ C） ownership of productive resources （ D） free contracts and prices 16 The passage is mainly about_. （ A） how American goods are produced （ B） how American consumers buy their goods （ C） how American economic system works （ D） how American businessmen make their prof
38、its 17 The price system is used to_. （ A） reflecting the demands of consumers and the respondence of the producers （ B） expressing the mechanism of the market-oriented economy （ C） regulating the balance of demand and supply （ D） regulating the number of producers 18 How to regulate the economic sys
39、tem in America according to the passage? （ A） To provide a price system. （ B） To set up private enterprises. （ C） To set up a market-oriented economy. （ D） To own some certain rights of productive resources. 18 Less than 40 years ago in the United States, it was common to change a one-dollar bill fo
40、r a dollars worth of silver. That is because the coins were actually made of silver. But those days are gone. There is no silver in todays coins. When the price of the precious metal rises above its face value as money, the metal will become more valuable in other uses. Silver coins are no longer in
41、 circulation because the silver in coins is worth much more than their face value. A silver firm could find that it is cheaper to obtain silver by melting down coins than by buying it on the commodity markets. Coins today are made of an alloy of cheaper metals. Greshams Law, named after Sir Thomas G
42、resham, argues that “good money“ is driven out of circulation by “bad money“. Good money differs from bad money because it has higher commodity value. Gresham lived in the 16th century in England where it was common for gold and silver coins to be debased. Governments did this by mixing cheaper meta
43、ls with gold and silver. The governments could thus make a profit in coinage by issuing coins that had less precious metal than the face value indicated. Because different mixings of coins had different amounts of gold and silver, even though they bore the same face value, some coins were worth more
44、 than others as commodities. People who dealt with gold and silver could easily see the difference between the “good“ and the “bad“ money. Gresham observed that coins with a higher content of gold and silver were kept rather than being used in exchange, or were melted down for their precious metal.
45、In the mid-1960s when the U. S. issued new coins to replace silver coins, Greshams law went right in action. 19 Why was it possible for Americans to use a one-dollar bill for a dollars worth of silver? （ A） Because there was a lot of silver in the United States. （ B） Because money was the medium of
46、payment. （ C） Because coins were made of silver. （ D） Because silver was considered worthless. 20 Todays coins in the United States are made of_. （ A） some precious metals （ B） silver and some precious metals （ C） various expensive metals （ D） some inexpensive metals 21 What is the difference betwee
47、n “good money“ and “bad money“? （ A） They are circulated in different markets. （ B） They are issued in different face values. （ C） They are made of different amounts of gold and silver. （ D） They have different uses. 22 What was the purpose of the governments issuing new coins by mixing cheaper meta
48、ls with gold and silver in the 16 th century? （ A） They wanted to reserve some gold and silver for themselves. （ B） There was neither enough gold nor enough silver. （ C） New coins were easier to be made. （ D） They could make money. 23 Which of the following statements is correct according to this ar
49、ticle? （ A） Good money refers to gold or silver coins while “bad money“ metallic coins. （ B） Good money refers to gold or silver coins while “bad money“ alloy coins. （ C） Issuance of coins to replace the silver coins intended to save money. （ D） Present coins are cheaper than its face value. 24 What is the Greshams Law according to the passage? （ A） Coins with a higher content of silver drove the coins with a lower content of silver out of circulation. （ B） Good money was kept and “bad money“ wa
