1、在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 37及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acr
2、oss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 I wonder if you realize just how many others share your problem. It is so common for people to distort the truth about themselves. Sometimes its just an invented excuse when youre late for something or a pretence that you like someone y
3、ou dont. These white lies dont usually harm anyone and indeed often help smooth over difficult social situations. They certainly are embarrassing if exposed but, on the whole, theyre easily forgiven. What you describe is a habit of lying that is more serious than this. I suspect that the lies you te
4、ll are ways of defending an idea you have of your own worth. People who have doubts about their own self-esteem often worry that others will judge them as harshly as they feel they deserve because of a secret idea that they are pretty worthless. In other words, they create a false picture of themsel
5、ves, a picture of someone who meets all the expectations they think others have of them. And as you say, that causes problems since they have to keep living up to that image. At the same time, they have to tell further lie to cover the stories they have already told. According to some authorities, t
6、his is particularly common among women especially those who have few opportunities to develop an adequate sense of self-worth. I suggest you give yourself one day during which you stick solidly to the truth about yourself. Give yourself a small treat at the end of the day if you have managed to keep
7、 it up. Wait a week and then try it again. Once you have achieved three separate lie-free days, see if you can cope with three days running, then extend it to a whole week. Dont make a promise to yourself that you will never lie again because almost certainly you will its too much to take on at once
8、. Try to change things little by little, by setting yourself manageable targets. After a while, youll wonder why you ever had the problem at all. 1 This passage is a reply to someone who_. （ A） keeps a habit of lying for vain reasons （ B） works hard to meet others expectations （ C） does not know the
9、 truth about himself and is too sure of himself （ D） does not know how to make a realistic plan for himself 2 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? （ A） White lies often cause embarrassment in social situations. （ B） It is important for women to have an adequate sense o
10、f self-worth. （ C） It takes a little time to get rid of your habit. （ D） Take exercise like running if you are free and keep it up. 3 The expression “living up to“ in the second paragraph can best be replaced by “_“. （ A） growing up with （ B） living with （ C） seeking （ D） sticking to 4 In the last p
11、aragraph the writer implies that_. （ A） you will solve the problem with patience and a strong will （ B） you must be hard on yourself to accomplish something （ C） your problem lies in the fact that you hasten to make promises （ D） you must set different targets at different stages of your life 5 The
12、writer suggested that_. （ A） you should promise yourself never to lie again （ B） you should get rid of bad habit gradually （ C） you can manage your lying target well （ D） you can get rid of the bad habit in the interval of three days 6 According to the text, what do the people who may meet all the e
13、xpectations others have of them mainly think? （ A） They think white lies can fulfill their self-worth. （ B） They always pretend to like somebody they dont like. （ C） They think its smart to tell further lies to cover stories. （ D） They think too much of their self-worth. 6 Today is the anniversary o
14、f that afternoon in April a year ago that I first saw the strange and appealing doll in the window of Abe Sheftels toy shop on Third Avenue near Fifteenth Street, just around the corner from my office, where the plate on the door reads: Dr. Samuel Amory. I remember just how it was that day: the firs
15、t hint of spring floated across the East River, mixing with the soft-coal smoke from the factories and the street smells of the poor neighborhood. As I turned the corner on my way to work and came to Sheftels, I was made once more aware of the poor collection of toys in the dusty window, and I remem
16、bered the approaching birthday of a small niece of mine in Cleveland, to whom I was in the habit of sending modest gifts. Therefore, I stopped and examined the window to see if there might be anything suitable, and looked at the confusing collection of unappealing objects a red toy fire engine, some
17、 lead soldiers, cheap baseballs, bottles of ink, pens, yellowed envelopes , and advertisements for soft-drinks. And thus it was that my eyes eventually came to rest upon the doll stored away in one corner, a doll with the strangest, most charming expression on her face. I could not wholly make her o
18、ut, due to the shadows and the film of dust through which I was looking, but I was aware that a tremendous impression had been made upon me as though I had run into a person, as one does sometimes with a stranger, with whose personality one is deeply impressed. 7 What made an impression on the autho
19、r? （ A） The dolls unusual face. （ B） The collection of toys. （ C） A stranger he met at the store. （ D） The resemblance of the doll to his niece. 8 Why does the author mention his niece? （ A） She likes dolls. （ B） The doll looks like her. （ C） She lives near Sheftels. （ D） He was looking for a gift f
20、or her. 9 Why did the author go past Sheftels? （ A） He was on his way to work. （ B） He was looking for a present for his niece. （ C） He wanted to buy some envelopes. （ D） He liked to look in the shop windows. 10 The story takes place in the_. （ A） early summer （ B） early spring （ C） midsummer （ D） l
21、ate spring 11 Most of the things in the store window were_. （ A） expensive （ B） appealing （ C） neatly arranged （ D） unattractive 12 It can be inferred from the text that_. （ A） the author is a doctor （ B） the author is very poor （ C） the author came across a person （ D） the author lives on the Third
22、 Avenue near Fifteenth Street 12 The long, wet summer here in the northeastern U. S. notwithstanding, theres a world shortage of pure, fresh water. As demand for water hits the limits of finite supply, potential conflicts are brewing between nations that share transboundary freshwater reserves. Many
23、 people ask why we cannot simply take it from the sea, using our sophisticated technology of desalinization, but a good water supply must be hygienically safe and pleasant tasting and water containing salt would corrode machinery used in manufacturing in addition to producing chemical impurities. Si
24、nce more than 95% of our water sits in the salty seas, man is left to face the reality that most water on the surface of the earth is not available for us. One very feasible way of sustaining our supply of freshwater is to protect the ecology of our mountains. Mountains and water go together, a fact
25、 to which Secretary General Kofi Annan has drawn attention more than once. From 30 to 60% of downstream fresh water in humid areas and up to 95% in arid and semi-arid environments are supplied by mountains. Without interference nature has its own way of purifying water even though chlorination and f
26、iltration are still necessary as a precaution. In a mountainous area, aeration , due to turbulent flow and waterfalls, causes an exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the water. Agriculture, industry, hydroelectric generators and homes that need water to drink and for domestic use depend on t
27、hese resources and, thus, we must protect mountainous areas as a means of survival. 13 The author of this text states that_. （ A） the problem of obtaining good drinking water has plagued man throughout time （ B） palatability is synonymous with purity of water （ C） most of the worlds water is unusabl
28、e as a water supply （ D） man no longer depends on desalinization for his water supply 14 The author believes that industry avoids salt water because_. （ A） water is needed for livestock （ B） crops must be considered before man-made products （ C） it is used in desalinization plants （ D） it causes cor
29、rosion 15 Streams would purify themselves if not for_. （ A） human beings （ B） nature （ C） chlorination （ D） mountains 16 By saying that nature “has its own way of purifying water“(Line 5, Paragraph 3)the author is referring to_. （ A） aeration （ B） filtration （ C） chlorination （ D） absorption 17 The
30、best title for this text is_. （ A） The Water Problem; the Dangers Ahead （ B） The Water Supply Problem: Our Options （ C） The Mountains; Our Only Hope for Water （ D） Water Conservation; the Challenges Ahead 18 What is the most important way for people to use more fresh water according to the author? （
31、 A） To take more water from the sea. （ B） To protect mountainous areas. （ C） To save more water in daily life. （ D） To protect the natural ecology balance. 18 The United States is often considered a young nation, but in fact it is next to the oldest continuous government in the world, and the reason
32、 is that its people have always been willing to accommodate themselves to change. It should be realized, however, that sharing benefits of our achievements was the result of trial and error. Unprincipled businessmen had first to be restrained by government before they came to learn that they must se
33、rve the general good in pursuing their economic interests. Thus, although early statesmen strongly believed in private enterprise, they chose to make the post office a government monopoly and to give the schools to public ownership. Since then, government has broadened its activities in many ways in
34、cluding preventing monopolies from taking over the economy. Increased growth by acquisition by our largest corporations has resulted in a situation where virtually independent economic giants will dominate the American economy. Growth of these vast corporate structures, even though accompanied by an
35、 increase in the number of much smaller and less powerful companies that operate under their control, foretells the creation of monopoly-like structures throughout American business. In general, the major acquisitions by the sample companies were corporate organizations that were profitable and succ
36、essful before acquisition. The main effect of the merger or acquisition was to transfer control and management of an already successful enterprise to a new group. Profitability ratios indicate that, in most instances, the acquired companies operated less efficiently after acquisition. Americans hold
37、 with Lincoln that “the legitimate object of government is to do for a community of people whatever they need to have done but cannot do at all, or cannot do so well for themselves, in their separate and individual capacities. “ Clearly, merger restriction is one example of legitimate government int
38、ervention. 19 It is implied that the main quality of the United States stressed is its_. （ A） youth （ B） shared wealth （ C） trial and error （ D） flexibility 20 The term “general good“(Line 6, Paragraph 1)refers to_. （ A） efficient practices （ B） ethical practices （ C） common well-being （ D） profitab
39、le decisions 21 The creation of U. S. post office monopoly is cited as an example of a_. （ A） replacement of the existing economic order （ B） restraint of unprincipled businessmen （ C） flexible view of government （ D） system of shared profits 22 From the text we learn that when mergers occurred, the
40、 added companies had_. （ A） low profitability ratios （ B） management difficulties （ C） poor productivity （ D） achieved success 23 The authors view of mergers is_. （ A） critical （ B） cautious （ C） qualified （ D） favorable 24 Whats the governments attitude toward mergers? （ A） To control merger. （ B）
41、To stimulate merger. （ C） To fully use merger. （ D） To reduce merger. 在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 37答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose
42、 the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 A 【 试题解析】 综观全文，这是一篇劝人改变习惯、不再说谎的文章。从文章的第2段可知，这部分着重解释了说谎的种种原因，其中很多原因都与虚荣 (vain)有关。因此，文章是给因为虚荣而有说谎习惯的人写的。因此 A项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是文
43、章第 2段的最后一句话 “According to some authorities， this is particularly common among women especially those who have few opportunities todevelop an adequate sense of self-worth”，从中可知 B项是正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题中， living up to的意思是 “符合 ”，与 D项意思一致。因此 D项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章最后一
44、段的最后两句话，从中可以推知，要改变说谎的习惯需要时间、耐心和意志。因此 A项是正确答案。 【知识模块 】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 在文章的最后一段中可以看出，作者建议对方要逐渐改掉坏毛病，不要急功近利。 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 依据本文，他们认为白色谎言可以帮助他们实现满足别人要求的愿望，并不是实现其价值的意思，因此 A项不正确； C项文中没有说明；关于 D项，与文章的意思恰恰相反，文中作者认为他们忽略了自我价值，因此应选 B项。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题的依据句 是文章最后一段中的两句
45、话 “a doll with the strangest， mostcharming expression on her face a tremendous impression had been made upon me”。 因此 A项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 2段。开始时作者就说是在上班的路上路过那家玩具店，而且当时碰巧想起每年要给自己的侄女买件生日礼物，而且他常送给侄女不太贵的玩具，因此才停下来看看有没 有合适的。这里提到侄女应该是作者为自己下一步的举动做出的一个铺垫。因此 D项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答
46、案】 A 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 2段。开始时作者就说是在上班的路上路过那家玩具店，从中可知作者并非专门去玩具店买东西，只不过是路过而已。因此 A项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从文中第 1行中间的 “in April”和第 4行的 “the first hint of spring”可知， B项为正确答案。 【知 识模块】 阅读 11 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是文章第 2段的 “I looked at the confusing collection of unappealing objects”， unappealin
47、g和 D项中的 unattractive一样，意思都是“不吸引人的 ”，因此 D为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 从第 1段第 1句话 “距离我那门上写着 Samuel Amory医生 的办公室非常近 ”可以看出，作者是位医生，因此选 A项 。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 13 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 从第 2段的末尾可知，地球表面的大部分水资源我们都无法获得。因此 C项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 14 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 从第 2段可知，海水腐蚀生产设备。因此 D项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 15 【正确答案】
48、 A 【试题解析】 从第 3段可知，在没有干预的情况下，大自然有自己的方式净化水源。因此 A项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 16 【正确 答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题中大自然净化水源的方式指的是后文提到的曝气。因此 A项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 17 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 综观全文，本文探讨淡水资源的获取并且给出解决办法，因此 B项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 18 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从第 3段第 1句话和最后一句话可以看出，要想持续使用淡水资源，最重要的就是保护我们的山区，因此 B项符合题意。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 19 【正确答案
49、】 D 【试题解析】 从文章的首句可知，美国政府之所以几乎是世界上连续执政时间最长的政府，其原因在于美国人民总是愿意适应变化，据此可推知， D项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 20 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是原文的 “They must serve the general good in pursuing theireconomic interests”，根据后续提示可知， “general good”的词义一定与 “their economicinterests”相反。因此 C项为 正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 21 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查逻辑关系。可以通过关联词语判定，该例前有 thus，说明是承接上文。上文讲的是美国乐于适应变化。据此推断，举出该例是为了说明政府自由的观念。因此 C项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 22 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是原文的 “In general， the major acquisitions by the samplecompanies
