1、在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 51及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acr
2、oss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 In old days, when a glimpse of stocking was looked upon as something far too shocking to distract the serious work of an office, secretaries were men. Then came the First World War and the male secretaries were replaced by women. A mans
3、 secretary became his personal servant, charged with remembering his wifes birthday and buying her presents; taking his suits to the dry-cleaners; telling lies on the telephone to people he did not wish to speak to at bay and, of course, typing and filing and taking shorthand. Now all this may be ch
4、anging again. The microchip and high technology is sweeping the British office, taking with it much of the routine clerical work that secretaries did. “Once office technology takes over generally, the status of the job will rise again because it will involve only the high-powered work and then men w
5、ill want to do it again. “ That was said by one of the executives(male)of one of the biggest secretarial agencies in this country. What he has predicted is already under way in the US. One girl described to me a recent temporary job placing men in secretarial jobs in San Francisco. She noted that al
6、l the men she dealt with appeared to be gay so possibly that is just a new twist to the old story. Over here, though, there are men coming onto the job market as secretaries. Classically, girls have learned shorthand and typing and gone into a company to seek their fortune from the bottom and thats
7、what happened to John Bowman. Although he joined a national grocery chain as secretary to its first woman senior manager, he has since been promoted to an administration job. “I filled in the application form and said I could do audio/typing, and in fact I was the only applicant. The girls were relu
8、ctant to work for this young, glamorous new woman with all this power in the firm. “ “I did typing at school, and then a commercial course. I just thought it would be useful for finding a job. I never got any funny treatment from the girls, though I admit Ive never met another male secretary. But th
9、en I joined the Post Office as a clerk and carelessly played with the typewriter, and wrote letters, and thought that after all secretaries were getting a good l ,000 a year more than clerks like me. There was a shortage at that time, you see. “ “It was simpler working for a woman than for a man. I
10、found she made decisions, she told everybody what she thought, and there was none of that male bitchiness, or that stuff ring this number for me dear, which men go in for. “ “Dont forget, we were a team thats how I feel about it not boss and servant but two people doing different things for the same
11、 purpose. “ Once high technology has made the job of secretary less routine, will there be male takeover? Men should beware of thinking that they can walk right into the better jobs. There are a lot of women secretaries who will do the job as well as they because they are as efficient and well train
12、ed to cope with word processors and computers, and men. 1 Before the First World War, female secretaries were rare because they_. （ A） wore stockings （ B） were not as serious as men （ C） were less efficient than men （ D） would have disturbed the other office workers 2 A secretary in the future will_
13、. （ A） be better paid （ B） have less work to do （ C） have higher status （ D） have more work to do 3 John Bowman was given his first job as a secretary because_. （ A） he was lucky （ B） no one else applied （ C） he had the best qualifications （ D） he wanted to work for a woman 4 When he was a post offi
14、ce clerk, secretaries were better paid because_. （ A） they were in shortage （ B） they were better trained （ C） they worked longer hours （ D） they had greater responsibility 5 The writer believes that before long_. （ A） men and women will compete for secretarial work （ B） men will take over womens jo
15、bs as secretaries （ C） women will operate most office machines （ D） men will be better with machines 6 Which of the following sentences could best summarize the passage? （ A） Since information technology is applied into office works, more women secretaries are losing employment opportunities. （ B） A
16、long with high technologys application, much more high-powered work is involved so men seem to take over the jobs again. （ C） Both women and men have either advantages or disadvantages in terms of secretarial works. （ D） With the support of John Bowmans story, it is implied that presently there are
17、similar competitions between women secretaries and men secretaries as for other job positions. 6 Sally Kemmerer has, so far, escaped Northern Californias rolling blackouts. But up on the roof for her Oakland home, workers are tapping into, perhaps, the most reliable power source, the sun. It could m
18、ean no more worries about blackouts or power rates. Sally Kemmerer, a home owner, says, “I hope that well be able to zero out, you know, our electric bill. I mean thats definitely our goal. “ Turning the suns rays into electricity is, of course, nothing new. But Californias power crisis has cast a n
19、ew light on the technology. Gary Gerber, a solar power contractor, says, “I might have been getting three phone calls a week a couple of months ago. Im getting six a day now, its completely crazy. “ Alternative energy is even more attractive, thanks to a state rebate program. So far this month, Cali
20、fornias energy commission has received 200 project applications. That is more than the number of applications all last year. Putting in a solar roof is still a relatively expensive proposition. This project cost around 45,000 dollars. Even taking into account the state subsidy of 12,000 dollars, tha
21、t leaves a net cost to the home owner of around 33,000 dollars. Sally says, “We were happy to find out that, eventually, the system should pay for itself, you know 20 years, maybe. “ Aaron Wellendorf has had a p-v(or photovoltaic generator)for more than a year. Like most solar systems, his is not of
22、f the grid completely and the utility still kicks in at night, or when theres no sun. But when there is bright light, things change. Wellendorf says, “Im turning my meter backward with extra power that Im generating. “ Backward? Thats right! Wellendorfs meter tracks how much power goes back into the
23、 utility grid. Last year all he paid for electricity was a service charge. That charge was around five dollars a month. In fact, even after powering his super-efficient household appliances and his converted electric track, Wellendorf generated a net surplus of more than 2,000 kilowatt hours. Unfort
24、unately, state law doesnt require the utility to pay him for that. Wellendorf says, “I dont get it in money, I just get the satisfaction of helping out the power grid. “ And, he gets the satisfaction of being energy self-sufficient. 7 According to the article, the California energy commission has re
25、ceived 200 project applications in one month. If that rate continues, approximately how many applications will they receive in the entire year? （ A） 2,400 （ B） 1,200 （ C） 200 （ D） 3,600 8 What does “to zero out“ mean? （ A） To lose a special item or treasure. （ B） To gain solar power. （ C） To pay for
26、 more reliable electrical power. （ D） To owe the electric utility company nothing. 9 In a month of work days(approximately 20), how many calls could the solar contractor expect if this current rate continues unchanged? （ A） 60. （ B） 30. （ C） 150. （ D） 120. 10 What does “off the grid“ mean in the con
27、text of this story? （ A） Living in a suburban neighborhood. （ B） Living in the only house in a wide area. （ C） Living without the utility companys electrical power. （ D） Living without any electricity from any source. 11 According to the article, when a home owner puts in a solar roof, her worries a
28、-bout blackouts or power rates might be over. Why might that be true? （ A） Solar power may be less expensive and more reliable than power supplied by utility companies. （ B） Her roof wont leak with the heavy solar panels on top of the roof. （ C） Putting in a solar roof is still an expensive proposit
29、ion. （ D） Super-efficient appliances use less electricity than regular appliances. 12 When we read “Wellendorfs meter tracks how much power goes back into the utility grid“, we get to know that_. （ A） the man uses less of electric utility than before he set up his p-v generator （ B） the man gets ext
30、ra power which he is generating himself （ C） the man is satisfied with being energy self-sufficient （ D） the man is happy to find out that the p-v system should pay for itself 12 Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure
31、 of the food, not its chemical composition a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives. Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions tiny globules(小球 )of one liquid evenly distri
32、buted throughout another. The difference lies in whats in the globules and whats in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation. In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria whi
33、ch make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. “This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture,“ he says. When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments(密封舱 )buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way
34、, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients. They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. “In butter, you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing,“ says Brocklehurst. The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if
35、their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the foods structure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not tu
36、rning it into a solid lump. 13 The significance of Brocklehursts research is that_. （ A） it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservatives （ B） it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butter （ C） it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butter （ D） it found
37、that cream and butter share the same chemical composition 14 According to the researchers, cream sours faster than butter because bacteria_. （ A） are more evenly distributed in cream （ B） multiply more easily in cream than in butter （ C） live on less fat in cream than in butter （ D） produce less was
38、te in cream than in butter 15 According to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by_. （ A） removing its fat （ B） killing the bacteria （ C） reducing its water content （ D） altering its structure 16 The word “colonies“(Line 2, Para. 4)refers to_. （ A） tiny globules （ B） watery regions （ C） bacteria co
39、mmunities （ D） little compartments 17 Commercial application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made resistant to bacterial attack_. （ A） by varying its chemical composition （ B） by turning it into a solid lump （ C） while keeping its structure unchanged （ D） while retaini
40、ng its liquid form 18 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Cream gets bad faster than butter due to their different food structures, not their chemical composition. （ B） In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery s
41、olution are locked away in a sea of fat. （ C） The researchers are working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through substitutions of one or two ingredients. （ D） Its possible to prolong salad creams shelf life while keeping it liquid and not
42、turning it into a solid lump. 18 For my proposed journey, the first priority was clearly to start learning Arabic. I have never been a linguist. Though I had traveled widely as a journalist, I had never managed to pick up more than a smattering of phrases in any tongue other than French, and even my
43、 French, was laborious for want of lengthy practice. The prospect of tackling one of the notoriously difficult languages at the age of forty, and trying to speak it well, both deterred and excited me. It was perhaps expecting a little too much of a curiously unreceptive part of myself, yet the possi
44、bility that I might gain access to a completely alien culture and tradition by this means was enormously pleasing. I enrolled as a pupil in a small school in the center of the city. It was run by Mr. Beheit, of dapper appearance and explosive temperament, who assured me that after three months of hi
45、s special treatment I would speak Arabic fluently. Whereupon he drew from his desk a postcard which an old pupil had sent him from somewhere in the Middle East, expressing great gratitude and reporting the astonishment of local Arabs that he could converse with them like a native. It was written in
46、English. Mr. Beheit himself spent most of his time coaching businessmen in French, and through the thin, partitioned walls of his school one could hear him bellowing in exasperation at some confused entrepreneur: “Non, M Jones. Jane suis pas francais. Pas, Pas, Pas! “(No Mr. Jones, Im NOT French, Im
47、 not, not, NOT!). I was gratified that my own tutor, whose name was Ahmed, was infinitely softer and less public in approach. For a couple of hours every morning we would face each other across a small table, while we discussed in meticulous detail the colour scheme of the tiny cubicle, the events i
48、n the street below and, once a week, the hair-raising progress of a window cleaner across the wall of the building opposite. In between, bearing in mind the particular interest I had in acquiring Arabic, I would inquire the way to some imaginary oasis, anxiously demand fodder and water for my camels
49、, wonder politely whether the sheikh was prepared to grant me audience now. It was all hard going. I frequently despaired of ever becoming anything like a fluent speaker, though Ahmed assured me that my pronunciation was above average for a westerner. This, I suspected, was partly flattery, for there are a couple of Arabic sounds which I cannot grasp for ages. There were, moreover, vast distinctions of meaning conveyed by subtle sound shifts rarely employed in English. And for me the pro
